• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.509-515
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• 2004

Pulmonary function tests are widely used to diagnose and determine patients' therapy in clinic. And it was also applied in the research of the physiology and dynamics for lung disease. Among the pulmonary function tests, spirometry is the most easy and economic test. Spirometers are medical instruments that measure the instantaneous rate of volume flow of respired Bas. The mechanical spirometer was mostly used in the past. Up to the present, the most popular method of spirometer is the differential pressure technique with which change in the volume of flow are transferred to change in pressure. This kind of instrument suffers from several limitations, pressure drop, difficulty in maintenance and short period of calibration. Therefore, this study has begun to implement ultrasound spirometer, which is free of pressure loss and has wide range, focusing on the flow measurement technique and diagnostic algorithm.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.82 no.3
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• pp.201-210
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• 2019

Background: Radial probe endobronchial ultrasound (R-EBUS) is widely used for diagnosing peripheral pulmonary lesions. However, the utility of R-EBUS-guided transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB) for diffuse lung lesions (DLLs) remains unknown. We designed this study to evaluate the utility of R-EBUS-guided TBLB in DLLs. Methods: This retrospective study enrolled patients admitted from January 2016 to November 2017 who underwent TBLB for DLLs. The R-EBUS-guided TBLB and blind TBLB groups were compared. DLL was defined as any lung disorder that involved more than one segment of the lung. In both the groups, fluoroscopy and guided sheath were not used during TBLB. Results: A total of 127 patients underwent TBLB for DLLs (67 patients in the R-EBUS-guided TBLB group and 60 in the blind TBLB group). There were no differences in age, sex, and comorbid illnesses between the two groups. Furthermore, there was no difference in the TBLB diagnostic yield of the two groups (p=0.660) although more samples were collected from the R-EBUS-guided TBLB group (p=0.003). Procedure time was significantly longer in the R-EBUS-guided TBLB group than in the blind TBLB group (p<0.001). Thus, incidence of pneumothorax was significantly lower in the R-EBUS-guided TBLB group than in the blind TBLB group (p=0.032). Conclusion: Diagnostic yield in DLLs did not differ between the R-EBUS-guided TBLB and blind TBLB groups. Findings show that R-EBUS-guided TBLB in DLLs may reduce risk of pneumothorax.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.178-187
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• 2008

Purpose : To evaluate and compare the diagnostic accuracy of MRI and ultrasound(US) for estimation of invasion depth of gastric carcinoma by correlation with histopathologic findings in vitro and to find out the best MR pulse sequence for detection and accurate delineation of tumor. Materials and Methods : Resected specimen of total or subtotal gastrectomy from 53 patients with gastric carcinoma were done of imaging studies of MRI and US. And US was examined by using high frequency linear transducer for tumor invasion depth by a radiologist. In each case, both imaging findings of MRI and US were evaluated independently for tumor detection and invasion depth by consensus of two radiologists and were compared the diagnostic accuracy between two imaging modalities according to the histopathologic findings. MR imaging with five MR pulse sequences, spin echo T1 and in- and out-of phase gradient echo T1 weighted images, FSE and SSFSE T2 weighted images, were performed. Five MR pulse sequences were evaluated and compared on the point of detection and accurate distinction of tumor from surrounding normal tissue. Results : In EGC, diagnostic accuracy of US(77%) was superior than that of MRI(59%) but no statistically significant difference was noted between two imaging modalities(p=0.096). In AGC, both imaging modalities of MRI and US showed relatively high diagnostic accuracy as 97% and 84% respectively. Diagnostic accuracy of MRI was statistically better than that of US at the significant level(p<0.001). The best MR pulse sequence among five in each specimen was FSE T2WI(75.5%, 40/53) in both EGC and AGC. In AGC, FSE T2WI showed excellent imaging quality by showing very high ratio (93.5%, 29/31) of accurate delineation of tumor. Conclusion : MRI and US show relatively high diagnostic accuracy in the evaluation of tumor invasion depth of resected specimen in AGC. The most excellent pulse sequence of MRI for the evaluation of tumor invasion depth is FSE T2WI on the point of detection and accurate delineation of tumor in both EGC and AGC.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.68 no.5
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• pp.267-272
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• 2010

Background: Pulmonary sarcoidosis often involves mediastinal or hilar lymph nodes in the lung parenchyma. Mediastinoscopy is the gold standard for diagnosis, but it is invasive and expensive. Transbronchial needle aspiration using conventional bronchoscope is less invasive than mediastinoscopy, but its diagnostic accuracy is in question due to the blind approach to targeting lymph nodes. Transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) via endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) has high diagnostic value due to direct visualization of lymph nodes and to its relatively safeness. The purpose of this study was to assess the usefulness of EBUS-TBNA in the diagnosis of pulmonary sarcoidosis. Methods: Twenty-five patients with symptoms of sarcoidosis were enrolled into this study. Core tissue was obtained for a definitive diagnosis. Endobronchial biopsy, transbronchial lung biopsy, and bronchoalveolar lavage were performed to verify diagnosis. For patients without a confirmed diagnosis after the above procedures were performed, the additional procedures of mediastinoscopy or video-associated thoracoscopic surgery were performed to confirm a final diagnosis. Results: A total 25 EBUS procedures were done and 50 lymph nodes were aspirated. Thirty-three (37) out of 50 lymph nodes were consistent with non-caseating granuloma, confirming sarcoidosis as the final diagnosis. Sarcoidosis was the final diagnosis for all 25 patients, and 21 required EBUS-TBNA for a final diagnosis. There were no complications associated with the procedure. Conclusion: EBUS-TBNA is already a well-known procedure for diagnosing mediastinal or hilar lymphadenopathy. We used EBUS-TBNA for the diagnosis of pulmonary sarcoidosis and our results showed 84% diagnostic accuracy and no complications related to the procedure. EBUS-TBNA is a reliable and practical diagnostic modality in the diagnosis of pulmonary sarcoidosis.

• The Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Ultrasound Society
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.59-65
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• 2011

Purpose: To determine the clinical efficacy of the ultrasonography (US) for the diagnosis of the soft tissue masses comparing to the clinical diagnosis through the physical examination. Materials and Methods: 83 consecutive patients with palpable soft tissue masses were presented retrospectively. On the basis of the pathological diagnosis after the operation, the diagnostic accuracies were evaluated the cases diagnosed by history taking and physical examination, and the cases diagnosed by US before the operation. Results: The diagnostic accuracy of the cases using US was higher(86.7%) than that of the cases using physical examination and history taking. The accuracy of US of the epidermal inclusion cyst was 71.4%, ganglion cyst 85.7%, lipoma 88.6%, respectively. Accurate diagnosis were made 54 cases with 65.1% sensitivity in the cases diagnosed by history taking and physical examination. In this case, its accuracy of the ganglion cyst was 56.0%, and the lipoma was 67.9%. Conclusion: US is a useful diagnostic tool for the diagnosis of the palpable soft tissue masses before the operation.

• Clinical Endoscopy
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.393-401
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• 2024

Background/Aims: Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) is a highly accurate method for diagnosing pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs); however, some PNETs are difficult to diagnose. Recently, the efficacy of needle-based confocal laser endomicroscopy (nCLE) in diagnosing solid pancreatic masses has been reported. However, the efficacy of nCLE in the diagnosis of PNETs remains unknown and only a small number of cases have been reported. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of nCLE in the diagnosis of PNETs. Methods: This single-center retrospective study evaluated 30 consecutive patients with suspected PNETs on contrast-enhanced computed tomography, who consented to nCLE combined with EUS-FNA and were diagnosed using EUS-FNA or surgical resection. The diagnostic criteria for PNETs using nCLE were based on the nesting and trabecular and glandular arrangement of tumor cell clusters surrounded by capillary vessels and fibrosis, as reported in previous studies. Results: The diagnosis using nCLE was classified into three categories: misdiagnosis in three cases (10%), non-diagnostic in six cases (20%), and diagnostic in 21 cases (70%). nCLE was able to diagnose PNET in one of the two cases with inconclusive EUS-FNA. Conclusions: Although further development of the resolution and optimization of the diagnostic criteria are required, nCLE may constitute a useful diagnostic option in cases of inconclusive EUS-FNA for PNETs.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.433-438
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• 2016

This paper proposes a grade prediction method to measure meat quality in Hanwoo (Korean Native Cattle) using classification and feature extraction algorithms. The applied classification algorithm is an AdaBoost and the texture features of the given ultrasound images are extracted using SFTA. In this paper, as an initial phase, we selected ultrasound images of Hanwoo for verifying experimental results; however, we ultimately aimed to develop a diagnostic decision support system for human body scan using ultrasound images. The advantages of using ultrasound images of Hanwoo are: accurate grade prediction without butchery, optimizing shipping and feeding schedule and economic benefits. Researches on grade prediction using biometric data such as ultrasound images have been studied in countries like USA, Japan, and Korea. Studies have been based on accurate prediction method of different images obtained from different machines. However, the prediction accuracy is low. Therefore, we proposed a prediction method of meat quality. From the experimental results compared with that of the real grades, the experimental results demonstrated that the proposed method is superior to the other methods.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.460-468
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• 2023

Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH) is a pathological condition commonly occurring during the growth phase of infants. It acts as one of the factors that can disrupt an infant's growth and trigger potential complications. Therefore, it is critically important to detect and treat this condition early. The traditional diagnostic methods for DDH involve palpation techniques and diagnosis methods based on the detection of keypoints in the hip joint using X-ray or ultrasound imaging. However, there exist limitations in objectivity and productivity during keypoint detection in the hip joint. This study proposes a deep learning model-based keypoint detection method using X-ray and ultrasound imaging and analyzes the performance of keypoint detection using various deep learning models. Additionally, the study introduces and evaluates various data augmentation techniques to compensate the lack of medical data. This research demonstrated the highest keypoint detection performance when applying the residual network 152 (ResNet152) model with simple & complex augmentation techniques, with average Object Keypoint Similarity (OKS) of approximately 95.33 % and 81.21 % in X-ray and ultrasound images, respectively. These results demonstrate that the application of deep learning models to ultrasound and X-ray images to detect the keypoints in the hip joint could enhance the objectivity and productivity in DDH diagnosis.

• Clinical Endoscopy
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.107-113
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• 2023

Background/Aims: Immune checkpoint blockade has recently been reported to be effective in treating microsatellite instability (MSI)-high tumors. Therefore, sufficient sampling of histological specimens is necessary in cases of unresectable pancreatic cancer (UR-PC). This multicenter study investigated the efficacy of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle biopsy (EUS-FNB) using a Franseen needle for MSI evaluation in patients with UR-PC. Methods: A total of 89 patients with UR-PC who underwent endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) or EUS-FNB using 22-G needles at three hospitals in Japan (2018-2021) were enrolled. Fifty-six of these patients (FNB 23 and FNA 33) were followed up or evaluated for MSI. Patient characteristics, UR-PC data, and procedural outcomes were compared between patients who underwent EUS-FNB and those who underwent EUS-FNA. Results: No significant difference in terms of sufficient tissue acquisition for histology was observed between patients who underwent EUS-FNB and those who underwent EUS-FNA. MSI evaluation was possible significantly more with tissue samples obtained using EUS-FNB than with tissue samples obtained using EUS-FNA (82.6% [19/23] vs. 45.5% [15/33], respectively; p<0.01). In the multivariate analysis, EUS-FNB was the only significant factor influencing the possibility of MSI evaluation. Conclusions: EUS-FNB using a Franseen needle is desirable for ensuring sufficient tissue acquisition for MSI evaluation.

• The Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Ultrasound Society
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.40-49
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• 2008

Hip joint is one of the most deeply located joint in human body. Moreover, most clinical symptoms of various hip diseases are vague and confusing. In these reasons, the imaging modalities of hip have been extensively studied and developed. From a plain radiograph to more complex MR arthrography, various techniques are now available. In this brief review, the long and short of imaging modalities and clinical examples of common hip diseases will be introduced. The most important significance of diagnostic imaging is its clinical relevance. It is because when we know the characteristics of the imaging modalities and the disease itself, the optimal approach to a patient can be achieved, but when we do not know, the expensive images can only be a meaningless picture.