• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2020

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of the instrument on pattern identification for insomnia (PIT-Insomnia) and verify the correlation between PIT-Insomnia and psychological tests. Methods: Two evaluators examined the pattern identification of the participants who met insomnia disorder diagnostic criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) and took the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) score over 15 once manually and twice using the PIT-Insomnia to measure the inter-rater and test-retest reliability. We also conducted the following surveys: the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Korean version of Beck's depression inventory (K-BDI), the Korean version of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-K), the Korean Symptom checklist-95 (KSCL-95), and the EuroQol-5 dimension (EQ-5D), to measure concurrent validity and correlation between the PTI-Insomnia and psychological tests. Results: 1. The test-retest reliability analysis of the pattern identification results showed moderate agreement, and test-retest reliability analysis of each pattern identification score showed agreements from poor to moderate. 2. The inter-rater reliability analysis of the pattern identification results via manual showed slight agreement, when analysis was performed with calibration, the inter-rater reliability analysis of the pattern identification results via manual showed fair agreement. 3. The concordance analysis between results via manual and the PIT-Insomnia showed poor agreement, when the analysis was performed with calibration, concordance analysis showed fair agreement. 4. The concordance analysis between the PIT-Insomnia and the PSQI showed positive linear correlation. 5. The concordance analysis between the PIT-Insomnia and the PSQI, K-BDI, STAI-K, KSCL-95, and EQ-5D showed that non-interaction between the heart and kidney have positive linear correlation with the K-BDI, anxiety item of KSCL-95, dual deficiency of the heart-spleen have positive linear correlation with somatization item of KSCL-95, paranoia item of KSCL-95, heart deficiency with timidity have positive linear correlation with stress vulnerability item of KSCL-95, parania item of KSCL-95, phlegm-fire harassing the heart have positive linear correlation with K-BDI, paranoia item of KSCL-95, depressed liver qi transforming into fire have positive linear correlation with the anxiety item of KSCL-95, parania item of KSCL-95, all pattern identification have negative linear correlation with EQ-5D. Conclusions: The PIT-Insomnia has moderate agreement of reliability and reflects the severity of insomnia since it has some concurrent validity with the PSQI. There are some correlations between the PTI-Insomnia with specific psychological tests, so we could suggest it can be used appropriately in the clinical situation.

• 대한수학교육학회지:수학교육학연구
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.103-119
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• 2010

이 연구에서는, 초등학교 1, 2학년을 대상으로 개발된 다문화가정 학생 대상 언어 인지 진단도구를 적용한 결과를 분석하여, 수학 영역에서의 다문화가정 학생반응의 주요 특징을 찾고 수학교육에 유의한 시사점을 찾고자 하였다. 결론적으로, 1학년보다 2학년에서 미도달 비율이 높았으며, 다문화가정 학생 중 미도달 비율도 1학년보다 2학년에서 높게 나타났다. 도형과 측정 영역보다는 수와 연산 영역에서 미도달 비율이 높게 나타났으며, 다문화가정 학생 중 미도달 비율도 수와 연산 영역에서 높았다. 문장제 해결에서 어려움이 나타났으며, 난이도가 있는 수학적 내용과 수학적 사고로 인한 어려움이 상대적으로 높게 나타났다. 다문화가정 학생들의 여러 약점을 고려하여, 도형 영역에서 시각적 정보와 언어적 정보를 균형감 있게 다룰 수 있도록 지도해야 하며, 무정의용어를 신중하게 사용해야 하며, 교재 구성, 평가 문항 작성, 실제 교실 수업 등에서 언어적 요인이 학습에 미치는 영향을 충분히 고려해야 할 것이다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.211-218
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to perform a pattern analysis in patients with temporomandibular disorder (TMD) resulting from unilateral mastication due to chronic periodontitis. Methods: Thirty participants with signs or symptoms of TMD who engaged in unilateral mastication due to periodontitis-related discomfort (test group) were selected. Another 30 subjects exhibiting signs or symptoms of TMD resulting from unilateral mastication not due to chronic periodontitis (control group) were also recruited. An interview-based questionnaire was administered, and an examination of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) with determination of periodontal status was performed. Results: The duration of unilateral mastication was significantly longer in the control group than in the test group. There was a significant negative correlation between the duration of unilateral mastication and the Community Periodontal Index score. Using the Research Diagnostic Criteria for TMD (RDC/TMD) axis I algorithms, all the subjects were assigned to 3 main groups. The test group exhibited significantly a higher diagnostic distribution of group III (arthralgia, osteoarthritis, or osteoarthrosis), and in both the test and control groups, the number of diagnoses was larger for the non-chewing side. The control group showed a significantly higher diagnostic distribution of group I (myofacial pain), and in both the test and control groups, the number of diagnoses was larger for the chewing side. Conclusions: The results of the present study indicate that unilateral mastication due to chronic periodontitis could induce not only pain but also structural TMJ changes if adequate treatment is not administered and supported within a short time from the onset of the condition. Therefore, immediate treatment of chronic periodontitis is recommended to prevent not only the primary progress of periodontal disease, but also secondary TMJ-related problems. Furthermore, subjects who have suffered chronic long-term periodontitis without treatment should be urged to undergo a TMJ examination.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.41-65
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• 1997

The diagnostic requirements were suggested and explained regarding the systems of differentiation of symptoms and signs in the third year study of standardization and unification of the terms and conditions used for diagnosis in oriental medicine. The systems were as follows : - analysing and differentiating of epidemic febrile disease - analysing and differentiating in accordance with the Sasang constitutional medicine baced on four-type recognition - differentiation of diease according to pathological changes of Chong and Ren channels - standards for diagnosis of women's disease - standards for diagnosis of children's disease - standards for diagnosis of motor and sensor disturbance(-muscle born joint etc.) - standards for diagnosis of neuropsychiatric diease - standards for diagnosis of five sense organ diease - standards for diagnosis of external disease. The indivisual diagnosis pattern was arranged by the diagnostic requirments in the following odor : another name, notion of diagnosis pattern, index of differentiation of symptoms and signs, the main point of diagnosis, analysis of diagnosis pattern, discrimination of diagnosis pattrrn, prognosis, a way of curing a diseases, prescription, herbs in common use, dieases appearing the diagnosis pattern, documents. The standards for diagnosis of each disease was arranged by the diagnostic requirments in the following odor. another name, notion of diease, the main point of diagnosis, analysing and differentiating of disease, analysis of diease, discrimination of disease, prognosis, a way of curing and prescription of disease, dieases In western medicine appearing the disease in oriental medicine, documents.

• 제3의학
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.55-84
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• 1997

Inferential structure and reality problem is a serious issue to O.M.(oriental medicine). The study will analyze this issue through a philosophical and historical comparative study of W.M.M(Western modern medicine) and O.M. First, I presuppose some basic ideas. The first is the division of the 'the philosophy of medicine' and 'the medicine itself'. Second, there is a 'visibility' that discriminate between 'the abstractive concept' and 'the concrete object' in diagnostic terminology. The third is the separation of disease, the entity and disease, the phenomenon. Finally, the distinction between the cause of disease and the nature of disease. Through these basic concepts, this study will analyze O.M's diagnostic methodology, 'Pattern identification of the S.A.S(sign and symptom)'. The results are follows: 1. O.M's views disease as a phenomenon. So, the S.A.S, which is visible, is the disease itself. Tough the analysis and inference of the S.A.S, 證(zheng) the essence is derived. 2. 證(zheng) can be considered as 'the abstractive concept' reflecting the essence of a disease. 3. 證(zheng) is not arrived through causal sequence reasoning but rather by analogical reasoning. 4. 證(zheng) is 'the non-random correlative combination of S.A.S', pattern. These patterns secure the abstractive deduction in reality. that is, The causality, the positivism, the view of disease as entity, and anatomical knowledge are the traits peculiar to W.M.M. But, these properties can not be applied universally to every medical systems. Also, these properties do not indicate the superiority or inferiority of any medical system. 5. 證(zheng) summarizes the patients condition simultaneously with the S.A.S. However, 證(zheng) doesn't necessarily indicate the knowledge about the actual internal organ. That is, Early in O.M.'s history, the diagnostic terminologies including 證(zheng) were analogical reflections of a naive knowledge of internal organs and external environmental factors. Later, the naive knowledge in 證(zheng) changed int new nature, an abstractive concept. The confusion of the concept of disease, the indiscriminate acceptance of Western anatomical knowledge, and the O.M.'s theoretical evolution et are the challenge facing modern O.M. To find solutions, this study looks at the sequence of the birth of W.M.M. and then compares it's system with the O.M. system. The confusion of the concept of disease, the indiscriminate acceptance of Western anatomical knowledge, and the O.M.'s theoretical evolution et are the challenge facing modern O.M. To find solutions, this study looks at the sequence of the birth of W.M.M. and then compares it's system with the O.M. system. It is recommended that O.M. diagnostics should pay close attention to the ambiguity of the diagnostic methodology in order to further development. At present time, the concept and the system peculiar to O.M. can not be explained by common language. but O.M.'s practitioner can not persist in this manner an: longer. Along with the internal development of O.M., the adjustment of O.M.'s diagnostic terminology needs to be adopted.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.295-301
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• 1996

1994년 3월부터 1996년 4월까지 영남대학교 의과대학 부속병원에서 절제술을 시행하여 병리조직학적으로 진단받은 엽상육종 6례와 섬유선종 4례의 초음파 소견을 후향적으로 분석한 결과 두 종괴 모두에서 모양이 비교적 둥글며 변연이 정상조직과 잘 구분되며 내부 음향이 저음향으로 균질하게 나타났으나, 엽상육종에서는 종괴 가장자리의 납작한 모양의 낭종이 6례 중 4례 관찰되어 특징적인 소견으로 생각되며 종괴 내 저음영의 격막띠 음향은 거대 섬유선종에서 더 많이 관찰되어 거대 섬유선종을 시사하는 소견으로 생각한다. 하지만 증례가 적어 통계학적 유의성은 알 수 없었으며 이에 관한 더 많은 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.27-34
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• 2007

Objective : On the magnetic resonance image (MRI) of the infiltrating brain tumor, enhancement is usually higher in malignant tumor than in benign tumor, and tumor cells can invade into the peritumoral area without definite enhancement. In various pathological conditions, the blood brain barrier (BBB) becomes changed to pathological condition, allowing various materials extravasating into the interstitial space, and degree of enhancement is depend on the pathology. Authors performed dynamic MRI on enhancing and surrounding edematous area in order to evaluate the degrees of opening of BBB, to differentiate tumor from non-tumorous condition, and to determine its relationship with the recurrence of the tumor. Methods : Dynamic MRI was performed in 25 patients. Dynamic scans were done every 15 seconds after administration of Gd-DTPA on the enhancing and surrounding area for maximum 300 seconds, and the patterns of enhancement were ana lysed. The enhancement curve with initial steep increase followed by slow decrease was defined as "N pattern", those with initial steep increase followed by additional slow increase as "T pattern", and those with initial steep increase followed by plateau as "E pattern". Histopathological findings were compared with the dynamic scan. Results : The graphs taken from enhancing area showed "T pattern" regardless of pathology. In the surrounding area, "T pattern" was noticed in the malignant tumors, but "E pattern" or "N pattern" was noted in low-grade or benign tumors and non-tumorous condition. "T pattern" in the surrounding area was related to the malignant with tumor cell infiltration and recurrence. Conclusion : The results suggest that the malignant tumor infiltration changes the condition of BBB enough to extravasate the Gd-DTPA. Enhancement pattern in the surrounding edematous area may be a useful information to differentiate the malignant glioma with the low-grade and benign tumors or other non-tumorous conditions.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.601-611
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• 1996

교정치료에 있어서 악안면 성장의 양상은 진단과 치료계획 수립에 있어서 매우 유용한 자료이며 교합의 달성 및 안모의 형태, 발육에 많은 영향을 미친다. 따라서 성장유형의 분류에 대한 많은 연구가 있었으며 성장예측을 위한 많은 시도가 있었다. 이에 본 연구에서는 성인 120명을 대상으로 치료전 측모두부계측 방사선사진을 이용하여 전안면고경에 대한 후안면고경의 비를 측정하여 $56\%-62\%$는 시계방향 성장군(36명), $65\%-80\%$는 반시계방향 성장군(43명)으로, 그리고 $62\%-65\%$는 정상군(41명)으로 분류하고 이에 따른 하악이부의 형태와 돌출정도 평가를 시행한 결과 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 남녀 하악이부 형태비교에 있어서는 남자가 여자보다 이부의 높이와 돌출정도가 크게 나타났다. 2. 시계방향 성장군이 반시계방향 성장군에 비해 하악이부의 Height, H/D ratio, Actual length는 크게 나타났고, Depth, Angle, effective length, E/A ratio는 작은 값을 나타냈다. 3. 악안면 성장양상에 있어 이부의 돌출정도가 작을수록 시계방향성장 경향을 나타내며, 돌출정도가 클수록 반시계방향성장 경향을 나타냈다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.60-68
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• 2014

Background: Pattern identification is a unique diagnostic method of traditional Oriental medicine that has recently been the target of questionnaire-based research. Sasang (four-types) constitutional medicine (SCM) is a practice in traditional Korean medicine that seeks to promote objectivity in diagnostics. This paper attempts to illuminate the relationship between constitutions and the pathogenic factors of pattern identification through questionnaires completed by menopausal women about their symptoms. Methods: From March to October 2012, we examined 291 women from the general population, with ages ranging from 40 to 60 years, applying the Kupperman index, the Menopause-Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire (MENQOL), pattern identification based on the Diagnosis System of Oriental Medicine (DSOM), and SCM. We then analyzed the relationship between constitutional type and pathogenic factors. Results: No significant differences were found in the scores of either the Kupperman index or MENQOL questionnaire in relation to constitutional type. However, in a statistical analysis correlating the DSOM pathogenic factor scores (PFS) with the scores of the Kupperman index and MENQOL vasomotor subscale, heat showed a significant positive correlation with SoYang type (SY) and TaeEum type (TE), but not SoEum type (SE), while insufficiency of yin and insufficiency of yang, as well as blood deficiency, showed a significant positive correlation with the TE and SE types. Conclusion: The pathogenic factors in the menopausal symptoms of middle-aged women, specifically the prominent menopausal symptom of facial flushing, differed significantly according to constitutional type.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.77-82
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• 2020

Objective: Irregular patterns of marital cohabitation are a common problem in upper Egypt due to employment conditions. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of irregular marital cohabitation on the quality of life and sexual function of infertile men. Methods: In total, 208 infertile men were included and divided into two groups. The first group included 134 infertile men with an irregular pattern of marital cohabitation and the second group included 74 infertile men with a regular pattern of marital cohabitation. All subjects were assessed through a clinical evaluation, conventional semen analysis, the fertility quality of life (FertiQoL) questionnaire, the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) score, and the premature ejaculation diagnostic tool (PMEDT). Results: The two groups were compared in terms of conventional semen parameters, FertiQoL, IIEF-5 score, and PMEDT. Infertile men with an irregular pattern of marital cohabitation had significantly lower subscale and total FertiQoL and IIEF-5 scores. Additionally, they had significantly higher PMEDT scores. Erectile dysfunction and premature ejaculation were more common in them than in infertile men with a regular pattern of marital cohabitation. Conclusion: Irregular patterns of marital cohabitation had an adverse effect on quality of life and sexual function in infertile men.