• 대한한의학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.253-261
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• 2006

Backgrounds : Hyperlipidemia is a major cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Lowering serum cholesterol levels could reduce the risk of CVD. Insamsansa-eum (Renshenshanzha-yin, ISE), composed of Ginseng Radix and Crataegii Fructus, is a new medicine developed to treat hyperlipidemia and CVD. Objectives : In this study, we intended to explore the clinical effects of ISE on patients with hypercholesterolemia, and moreover we also compared its effects according to the pattern identification. Methods : Subjects were administered ISE with the dose of 600 mg three times a day for 4 weeks. Patterns of subjects were identified with diagnostic scoring system for Yin-Yang and the condition of Excess-Deficiency before treatment. Serum lipids were measured at baseline and after 4 weeks of medication. Results : ISE lowered total cholesterol(TC), triglyceride(TG), total lipid(TL), phospholipid(PL) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL) significantly. Compared with the data of our previous study, it was less effective than Atorvastatin but showed equal lipids-lowering effect to Chunghyul-dan (Qingxue-dan, CHD). In Yang pattern group, ISE was less effective in lowering TG and LDL than it was in not-Yang-not-Yinpattern group. On safety assessment, there was no adverse effect, hepatic or renal toxicity. Conclusions : We suggest that ISE is a safe and useful herbal medicine for hypercholesterolemia, and moreover it could be more useful when it is used for patients with not Yang pattern.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.126-133
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• 2018

The aim of this survey is to investigate the current state of pattern identification, treatment and management on chronic fatigue in the Korean medicine. From May 25, 2017 to June 7, we distributed contents of questionnaires to 17,992 Korean medical doctors via e-mail, and then received answers from 329 people. The surveys were conducted by a specialized research organizations. Researchers were blinded to the participant's personally identifiable information or whether they participated in the investigation. In Korea, almost Korean medicine doctors (94.5%) used pattern identification in the treatment of chronic fatigue patients. The main diagnostic methods were visceral (38.5%), qi-blood-fluid-humor (32.3%), and sasang constitutional pattern identification (14.3%). The high-frequent therapy were herbal medicine (37.0%), acupuncture (27.9%), moxibustion (11.7%), and cupping (8.6%). The primary goals of treatment were Improvement and relaxation of stress condition (18.1%), improvement of quality of life (13.1%), increase of functional vitality (34.0%), and fatigue management (23.3%). The key factors affecting treatment outcomes were the patient's aggressiveness in treatment (23.5%) and his/her lifestyle and environment(22.7%). This study was a pioneering research for chronic fatigue on the aspect of medical service provider in the Korean medicine. We hope that this study can be used as a basis for developing a more appropriate and reasonable practice guidelines for chronic fatigue.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.89-103
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• 2006

This study was performed to provide sources of nutrition education for female adolescents by identifying eating disorder patterns and their relationships with self-body image, weight control, and eating behavior. A total of 329 female middle school students were recruited and completed a general characteristics survey, the Eating Attitudes Test(EAT-26), a perception of self-body image survey, a concern for weight control survey, an eating behavior survey, and the Mini Dietary Assessment Index(MDA). Eating disorder patterns were identified to be obesity stress and weight control(OW), risk of binge eating(RB), and dietary restraint(DR) by factor analysis. OW pattern was related with stout body shape, body dissatisfaction, experience of weight control, skipping of dinner, and low MDA score. RB pattern was associated with lean body shape, body satisfaction, indiscreet snack behavior, and the eating time of snacks. The DR pattern was associated with normal body shape, regular meal times, desirable snack behavior, and high MDA scores. The results indicated that the eating patterns of adolescent were not identical to existing diagnostic categories. Furthermore, each eating pattern displayed different characteristics of perception on self-body image, concern for weight control, and eating behavior. In conclusion, nutrition education for female middle school students could reflect the different characteristics of each eating disorder pattern.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.124-130
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• 2016

The aim of this study was to suggest the future direction of diagnostic and evaluative pattern identification questionnaire (PIQ) by reviewing the state of development and utilization of PIQ according to Korean classification of disease-U (KCD-U). We surveyed the database of OASIS, NDSL, KISS, DBPIA, and Pub-med to know the kinds of developed and developing PIQ of Korean medicine. We used 'Pattern Identification' and 'Questionnaire' to find suitable papers. The inclusion criteria met 47 cases. The number of PIQ before 2000yrs, between 2001 to 2005, 2006-2010, 2011-2015 were 2, 5, 18, 22cases. The number of PIQ belonged to the disease of Korean medicine, the pathological symptom of korean medicine, the Sasang constitutional pattern identification and etc according to KCD-U were 20(42.6%), 8(17%), 9(19.1%) and 10(21.3%). Twenties among forty seven PIQ were validated, and the rest of them were not validated. The distribution of the numbers of PIQ were significantly different according to KCD-U (p=0.003). The direction of Utilization of PIQ was 36 questionnaires in diagnosing PI, 14 cases in evaluating health state, 4cases in evaluating effects of a treatment and 8 ones in diagnosing Sasang constitutional types. This study reveals the status on validated and non-validated PIQ of Korean medicine and suggests the basic information for the direction of developing PIQ in the future.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.112-129
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• 2020

Objectives : The aim of this study is to explore the types of pattern identification (PI, 辨證) and the differential points of PI used for the treatment of psoriasis in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) based on the Chinese references and to provide the evidences applying PI for the treatment of psoriasis in clinical practice. Methods : This study extracted patterns of psoriasis through database CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure) and analysis the patterns and classification criteria of the patterns. Those examined in the study are dermal symptoms, general symptoms, formula and herbs which are different depending on the patterns. Results : Total 60 studies were selected and 44 pattern types were extracted from them. We categorized the main pattern types on psoriasis used in TCM as 'blood-heat syndrome(BHS, 血熱證)', blood-stasis syndrome(BSS, 血瘀證), and 'blood-dryness syndrome(BDS, 血燥證)', 'dampness-heat syndrome(DHS, 濕熱證)' and 'yang-deficiency syndrome(YDS, 陽虛證)'. Among these patterns, BHS was the most common. In TCM, the pattern of BHS tended to have skin symptoms and signs related to inflammatory erythema and heat. Both BSS and BDS were characterized by long disease duration and poor healing. In addition, DHS tended to have the skin symptoms and signs such as oozing and severe itching. The symptoms and signs related to coldness mainly showed in YDS. For PI criteria, 'qi-blood-essence criteria(氣血津液辨證)' and 'eight-doctrine criteria(八鋼辨證) are commonly used. Conclusions : Our findings show that each PI on psoriasis in TCM has different characteristics related to dermal and general symptoms or signs. Further studies are needed to develop the diagnostic tool of PI on psoriasis reflecting on clinical practices in Korean Medicine by referring to the findings of this study about PI on psoriasis in TCM.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.224-228
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• 2006

The pattern identification of exterior-interior syndrome and cold-heat syndrome is one of the diagnostic methods using most frequently in Oriental medicine. There was no systematic studies analyzing the characteristics of the 'exterior-interior and cold-heat' between healthy and disease group. In this study, cold-heat pattern, blood pressure, pulse rate, height and weight are recorded from 100 healthy subjects and 196 disease subjects with age ranging from 30 to 59 years. To analyze the differences between healthy and disease group, we used the descriptive statistics. And linear regression function, linear support vector machine and bayesian classifier were used for distinguishing healthy group from disease group. The score of both exterior-heat and interior-cold in healthy group is higher than the score in disease group. This means that if one belongs to the disease group, his(or her) exterior gets cold and his interior gets hot. And also, these result have no relevance to age. But, the attempt to classify healthy group from disease group with a exterior-interior and cold-heat and other vital signs did not have good performance. It mean that even though they have a different trend each other, only these kinds of information couldn't classify healthy group and disease group.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.142-148
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity of Deficiency and Excess Pattern Identification Questionnaire. The number of subjects enrolled in this study was 431. Pearson Correlation Coefficient analysis were conducted to reveal the correlation among Deficiency and Excess Pattern Identification Questionnaire, Grip Strength and Quality of life. ROC-curve analysis were used to suggest optimal cut off value. Cohen Kappa also used to analyze for diagnostic validity. The significant p-value was < .05. The Deficiency questionnaire had positive correlation with the score of the expert and negative correlation with Grip Strength and Quality of life (p<.001). The Excess questionnaire had positive correlation with the score of the expert and negative correlation with Quality of life (p<.001). The optimal cut off value was 56.5 to separate deficiency and non deficiency and 47.5 to separate excess and non-excess. Furthermore, AUC was .900 and .851 accordingly. Cohen Kappa value between deficiency questionnaire and the expert was .640. Cohen Kappa value between excess questionnaire and the expert was .513. This study reveals that Deficiency and Excess Pattern Identification Questionnaire is valid. However, further study considering of gender, age, and health condition and so on, is needed.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.438-447
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• 2000

연구배경 : 흉부 방사선사진상 국한성 혹은 미만성 음영을 보이는 환자로 비관혈적인 통상의 검사로 진단이 되지 않은 경우에 병변의 크기와 위치에 따른 경기관지폐생검의 진단율의 차이, 폐암의외 경우 세포형에 따른 진단율의 차이, 병변의 위치결정에 있어 흉부전산화단층촬영사진과 경기관지폐생검의 일치율, 종양과 기관지의 관계에 따른 진단율의 차이 등을 조사하여 시술 전에 폐질환의 진단 가능성을 예측함으로써 적절한 진단적 접근방법을 선택하는데 도움을 주고자 하였다. 방 법 : 경북대학교병원에서 경기관지폐생검을 시행 하였던 278명을 대상으로 후향적으로 조사하였다. 결 과 : 1) 대상환자 278예 가운데 116예에서 경기관지폐생검으로 진단이 가능하였고 경피침생검 등의 다른 방법으로 진단된 76예를 포함하여 총 192에서 확진이 되었다. 2) 확진된 192예 가운데 악성종양에 대한 경기관지폐생검의 진단율은 64.7%로 양성질환의 53.9%에 비해 높은 경향을 보였다(p=0.09). 원발성 폐암으로 확진된 110예에 대한 경기관지폐생검의 진단율은 선암과 소세포암이 나머지 세포형에 비해 진단율이 높았다(p<0.01). 양성질환의 경우 결핵의 양성질환에 비해 높았다(p<0.05). 3) 폐야를 내측 1/3, 중간 1/3, 외측 1/3 그리고 상, 중, 하 폐야의 3구역으로 나누었을 때의 진단율 그리고 폐문 혹은 기관분기부(carina)로부터의 거리에 따른 진단율은 유의한 차이가 없었다. 4) 진단된 192예에서 병변의 양상에 따른 경기관지폐생검의 진단율은 양성질환의 경우 병변의 양상에 따른 진단율의 차이가 없었으나 악성종양회 경우에는 미만성 및 다발성 결절 병변의 진단율이 국한성 병변에 비해 유의하게 높았다(p<0.05). 5) 병변의 크기에 따라 유의한 차이는 없었으나, 크기가 클수록 진단율이 증가하는 경향을 보였다(p=0.06). 6) 병변의 위치판정시 흉부전산화단충촬영과 기관지 내시경 검사는 높은 일치울을 보였다(r=0.994, p<0.01). 7) 기관지-종피의 상관관계에 경기관지폐생검의 진단율을 비교하면 종괴와 기관지의 관계를 확인할 수 없는 VII형을 제외하고는 기관지가 종괴와 만나는 부위에서 단절되는 I형과 기관지가 종괴내로 일부가 틀어가는 II형에 대한 진단율이 유의하게 높았다(p<0.05). 결 론 : 폐병변의 위치를 결정하는데 전산화단층촬영과 경기관지폐생검은 높은 일치율을 보이고 전산화단층촬영상 '기관지정후'(bronchus sign)에 해당되는 I형과 II형에서 진단율이 높았다. 기관지와 종괴의 해부학적 관계를 보다 정확히 규명하기 위해 thin section 전산화단층촬영이 도용이 될 것으로 생각되며 향후 이에 관한 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다. 그리고 경기관지폐생검을 이용해 병변으로 접근이 어려운 경우 경피침생검 등이 진단에 도움이 될 것으로 생각된다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2014

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the achievements of Ryodoraku and to suggest new diagnostic ideas. Methods: A search of six Korean databases and one Japanese was performed using the terms such as Ryodoraku, diagnosis, foreigner, etc. and the search results classified and summarized. Results: From the initial search results, 21 Korean papers and 26 Japanese papers were selected and classified into 4 categories, that is, classification by pattern, classification by physiological limit, classification by setting various sections using the average Ryodoraku score, and classification by formula. Conclusions: Each of the 4 methods has its own benefits; however, it is hard to find disease-specific common characteristics from the Ryodoraku diagnostic values with the methods. Further studies which use the number of Pyesaek and Gyeokcha are necessary.

• 대한한의진단학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.159-171
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• 2015

Objectives: Lately, non alcoholic fatty liver patients are increasing rapidly and the average age of patients are getting younger. Non alcoholic fatty liver often represents asymptomatic and korean pattern diagnosis is difficult to implement without symptoms. This study aimed to analyze interrelationship between non alcoholic fatty liver disease and Injinho-tang. Methods The AHP is a systematic procedure for analyzing the elements of any problem hierarchically. Based on survey of expertise, as series of pairwise comparison judgements is performed to evaluate the various elements in the hierarchy. We are expected to use the AHP analysis that would apply to oriental doctor's diagnostic process analysis. Results and conclusion Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease induced complex causes of the metabolic syndrome. Injinho-tang has been widely used disease that causes jaundice and liver biliary disease. According to AHP analysis, LFT is the most important facor in choosing Injinho-tang on non alcoholic fatty liver disease. BMI and body composition by bioelectrical impedance analysis are the next important factors. Personal hot temper also gives a big impact on choicing Injinho-tang on non alcoholic fatty liver disease.