• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.63-68
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• 2017

Although automated metro subway systems have the advantage of operating a train without a train driver, it is difficult to detect an immediate fault condition and take countermeasures when an unusual situation occurs. Therefore, it is important to construct a maintenance information system (MIS) that detects the vehicle failure/status information in real time and maintains it efficiently in the depot of the railway's vehicles. This paper proposes a conceptual design method that realizes the interface between the train control system (TCS), the operation control center train control monitoring system (OCC-TCMS) console, and the MIS using wireless communication network in real-time. To transmit a large amount of information on 800,000 occurrences per day during operation, data was collected in a 56 byte data table using a data processing algorithm. This state information was classified into 4 hexadecimal codes and transmitted to the MIS by mapping the status and the fault information on the vehicle during the main line operation. Furthermore, the transmission and reception data were examined in real time between the TCS and MIS, and the implementation of the failure information screen was then displayed.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.47-52
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• 1988

Since 1979 forty-three cancer patients have been given intrathecal block at the pain clinic of Yonsei Medical Center. The male patients numbered 23 and female 20 and most of them were in the 4th and 5th decades of age. In 78.6% of the patients, the diagnosis was rectal cancer in 20 cases, cervix cancer in 7 cases, bladder cancer in 4 cases and colon cancer in 3 cases. Thirty six patients with cancer pain were treated by intrathecal 10% phenol-glycerine block and rest of them had only test block. Fourteen patients whose pain sites were lumbar or lumbar and upper sacral dermatomes were put into the lateral recumbent position on the fluoroscopic table. The spinal puncture was performed as close to the spinal roots to be impregnated as possible. In 22 patients the pain sites were covered by the sacral dermatomes and so the L5-S1 interspace was punctured in the sitting position shifted 15 degree to the affected site. Fifty one blocks were performed and their results are classified into three categories: good, fair antral poor. We achieved good results in 38 patients(77.1%), fair in 6 patients(17.1%) and poor in 2 patient(5.7%). Thus a satisfactory pain relief was achieved in 94.2% of patients. After intrathecal block with phenol glycerine, transient voiding difficulty was noted in 7, defecation difficulty in 1, and transient paresthesia and/or muscle weakness was present in 3 patients. The mean duration of pain relief was 2.5 months and longer than the mean survival time of 2.25 months. When patients are selected carefully and tile block is performed with great caution and good technique, the risk is minimal and a long lasting relief of intractable cancer pain achieves a painless life until death.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.25-30
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• 2010

The objective of this study was to compare the resolution and density appropriate to diagnosis in chest PA radiography. In comparing the resolution, we radiographed with conventional radiography, computed radiography(CR) and digital radiography(DR) using the linear resolution phantom(Nuclear Associates-Carle Place. N.Y.). 2 radiologists and 3 radiological technologists read the resolution value by the blind test. DR, conventional radiography and CR measured 3.95, 3.58, 3.48 resolution value respectively. In analysing the density, we chose the fifty normal chest CR and DR and conventional film. We estimated the density using by densitometer(X-rite company-Model 301) in seven regions(lung field, lung field margine, mediastinum I, mediastinum II, heart shadow I, heart shadow II, diaphragm) of chest film. We adapted to analysis the Japanese chest X-ray evaluating method and table. It was scored 0(farthest density value) to 2(nearest density value). DR scored 2 at mediastinum I, mediastinum II, heart shadow I, heart shadow II and diaphragm. On the contrary with, CR scored 2 at lung field and lung field margine. Consequently, DR superior than CR and conventional radiography film compairing density and resolution. It was due to small pixel size and post processing algorithm with digital radiography.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Bio-Environment Control Conference
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• 2001.04b
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• pp.75-76
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• 2001

순환식 펄라이트재배에서 배액 재사용을 위한 양분흡수 모델링을 작성하고자 EC 처리(1.5, 1.8, 2.1, 2.4, 2.7 dSㆍm-1)를 수행하였다. 생육 중기까지 EC 수준에 따른 양액흡수량은 차이가 없었지만 중기 이후 EC가 높을수록 흡수량이 감소되는 경항을 보였다(Fig. 1). NO$_3$-N, P 및 K의 흡수량은 생육기간 동안 처리간 차이를 유지하였는데 N과 K는 생육 중기 이후 일정 수준을 유지하였으나 P는 생육기간 동안 다소 증가되는 경향을 보였다. S의 흡수량은 생육 중기 이후 모든 처리에서 급격한 감소를 보였으며 생육 후기에는 처리간에 차이가 없었다(Fig. 2). 오이의 무기이온 흡수율에서와 같이 흡수량에서도 EC간 차이를 보여 EC를 무기이온 흡수량을 추정하는 요소로 이용할 수 있을 것으로 생각되었다. 무기이온 흡수량은 모든 EC 처리간에 생육 초기에는 차이를 보이지 않았으나 생육중기 이후에는 뚜렷한 차이를 보인 후 생육 후기의 높은 농도에서 그 차이가 다소 감소되는 경향을 보였다. 단위일사량에 따른 양액흡수량과 EC를 주된 변수로 한 오이의 이온 흡수량 예측 회귀식을 작성하였는데 모든 무기이온 흡수량 추정식의 상관계수는 S를 제외한 모든 이온에서 높게 나타났는데 특히 N, P, K 및 Ca에서 높았다. S이온에서의 상관계수는 0.47로 낮게 나타났으나 각 이온들의 회귀식에 대한 상관계수는 모두 1% 수준에서 유의성을 보여 위의 모델식을 순환식 양액재배에서 무기이온 추정식으로 사용이 가능할 것으로 생각되었다(Table 1). 이를 이용한 실측치와의 비교는 신뢰구간 1%내에서 높은 정의상관을 보여 실제적인 적용이 가능할 것으로 생각되었다(Fig 3)..ble 3D)를 바탕으로 MPEG-4 시스템의 특징들을 수용하여 구성되고 BIFS와 일대일로 대응된다. 반면에 XMT-0는 멀티미디어 문서를 웹문서로 표현하는 SMIL 2.0 을 그 기반으로 하였기에 MPEG-4 시스템의 특징보다는 컨텐츠를 저작하는 제작자의 초점에 맞추어 개발된 형태이다. XMT를 이용하여 컨텐츠를 저작하기 위해서는 사용자 인터페이스를 통해 입력되는 저작 정보들을 손쉽게 저장하고 조작할 수 있으며, 또한 XMT 파일 형태로 출력하기 위한 API 가 필요하다. 이에, 본 논문에서는 XMT 형태의 중간 자료형으로의 저장 및 조작을 위하여 XML 에서 표준 인터페이스로 사용하고 있는 DOM(Document Object Model)을 기반으로 하여 XMT 문법에 적합하게 API를 정의하였으며, 또한, XMT 파일을 생성하기 위한 API를 구현하였다. 본 논문에서 제공된 API는 객체기반 제작/편집 도구에 응용되어 다양한 멀티미디어 컨텐츠 제작에 사용되었다.x factorization (NMF), generative topographic mapping (GTM)의 구조와 학습 및 추론알고리즘을소개하고 이를 DNA칩 데이터 분석 평가 대회인 CAMDA-2000과 CAMDA-2001에서 사용된cancer diagnosis 문제와 gene-drug dependency analysis 문제에 적용한 결과를 살펴본다.0$\mu$M이 적당하며, 초기배발달을 유기할 때의 효과적인 cysteamine의 농도는 25~50$\mu$M인 것으로 판단된다.N)A(N)/N을 제시하였다(A(N)=N에 대한 A값). 위의 실험식을 사용하여 헝가리산 Zempleni 시료(15%

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.623-627
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• 2021

Cervical foraminal stenosis is a disease in which the nerves that pass from the spinal canal to the limbs are narrowed and the nerves are compressed or damaged. Due to the lack of an imaging method that provides quantitatively stenosis, this study attempted to evaluate the area of the cervical vertebrae by reconstructing a three-dimensional computed tomography image, and to determine the area of the neural foramen in normal adults to calculate the stenosis rate. Using a three-dimensional image processing program, the surrounding bones including the posterior spinous process, lateral process, and lamellar bones of the cervical vertebra were removed so that the neural foramen could be observed well. A region of interest including the neural foraminal area of the three-dimensional image was set using ImageJ, and the number of pixels in the neural foraminal area was measured. The neural foraminal area was calculated by multiplying the number of measured pixels by the pixel size. To measure the largest neural foraminal area, it was measured between 40~50 degrees in the opposite direction and 15~20 degrees toward the head. The average area of the right C2-3 foramen was 44.32 mm², C3-4 area was 34.69 mm², C4-5 area was 36.41 mm², C5-6 area was 35.22 mm², C6-7 area was 36.03 mm². The average area of the left C2-3 foramen was 42.71 mm², C3-4 area was 32.23 mm², C5-6 area was 34.56 mm², and C6-7 area was 31.89 mm². By creating a reference table based on the neural foramen area of normal adults, the stenosis rate of patients with neural foraminal stenosis could be quantitatively calculated. It is expected that this method can be used as basic data for the diagnosis of cervical vertebral foraminal stenosis.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.43-54
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• 2024

Objective: To evaluate the added value of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI)-based quantitative parameters to distinguish uterine sarcomas from atypical leiomyomas on preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Materials and Methods: A total of 138 patients (age, 43.7 ± 10.3 years) with uterine sarcoma (n = 44) and atypical leiomyoma (n = 94) were retrospectively collected from four institutions. The cohort was randomly divided into training (84/138, 60.0%) and validation (54/138, 40.0%) sets. Two independent readers evaluated six qualitative MRI features and two DWI-based quantitative parameters for each index tumor. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify the relevant qualitative MRI features. Diagnostic classifiers based on qualitative MRI features alone and in combination with DWI-based quantitative parameters were developed using a logistic regression algorithm. The diagnostic performance of the classifiers was evaluated using a cross-table analysis and calculation of the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Results: Mean apparent diffusion coefficient value of uterine sarcoma was lower than that of atypical leiomyoma (mean ± standard deviation, 0.94 ± 0.30 10^-3 mm²/s vs. 1.23 ± 0.25 10^-3 mm²/s; P < 0.001), and the relative contrast ratio was higher in the uterine sarcoma (8.16 ± 2.94 vs. 4.19 ± 2.66; P < 0.001). Selected qualitative MRI features included ill-defined margin (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 17.9; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.41-503, P = 0.040), intratumoral hemorrhage (aOR, 27.3; 95% CI, 3.74-596, P = 0.006), and absence of T2 dark area (aOR, 83.5; 95% CI, 12.4-1916, P < 0.001). The classifier that combined qualitative MRI features and DWI-based quantitative parameters showed significantly better performance than without DWI-based parameters in the validation set (AUC, 0.92 vs. 0.78; P < 0.001). Conclusion: The addition of DWI-based quantitative parameters to qualitative MRI features improved the diagnostic performance of the logistic regression classifier in differentiating uterine sarcomas from atypical leiomyomas on preoperative MRI.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.388-394
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• 2003

Background : Monoclonal antibodies directed against well-known epitopes on cytokeratin (CK) 8, 18 and 19 (Monototal) have been used in the development of a new diagnostic tool for lung cancer. In the mid-1990s, CK 19 fragments (Cyfra 21-1) became popular and widely used for such diagnosis. This is the first study specifically designed to compare these two markers. Method : The serum levels of CK 8, 18 and 19 were measured using two-site monoclonal/polyclonal immunoradiometric assay kit in 57 healthy adults and 289 patients who were admitted to Seoul National University Hospital from May to September, 2002. The lung cancer group comprised 129 primary lung cancer patients; 116 with non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) and 13 with small cell lung cancer (SCLC). The control group comprised 160 non-malignant pulmonary lung disease patients and 57 healthy adults. A total of 166 twin Monototal and Cyfra 21-1 serum assays were obtained; 76 with lung cancer, 70 with non-malignant pulmonary lung disease and 20 healthy adults. Results : The mean serum value of Monototal was $412.47{\pm}455.45U/L$ in NSCLC, $237.08{\pm}145.15U/L$ in SCLC, $126.54{\pm}95.72U/L$ in non-malignant pulmonary lung disease, and $63.68{\pm}31.66U/L$ in healthy adults. The serum values of the lung cancer groups were significantly higher than those of the control group (p<0.01). Using a cut off value of 188U/L, sensitivity and specificity was 66.4% and 81.9% in NSCLC, and 43.8% and 81.9% in SCLC, respectively. The serum levels of CK 8, 18 and 19 were higher in advanced NSCLC than in early stage disease. Conclusion : The serum levels of CK 8, 18 and 19 may be useful in the diagnosis of NSCLC.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.1-32
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• 1972

By means of the interspecific hybridization in the Sub-genus Diploxylon of the Genus Pinus, $F_1$ hybrids of Pinus rigida${\times}$elliottii, Pinus rigida${\times}$radiata, P. rigida${\times}$serotina and P. densiflora${\times}$thunbergii had been produced. And on the basis of the crossabilities of these hybrids the taxonomic affinities of these pines were examined. And the needle characteristics of these hybrid and the occurence of phenolic substances in these $F_1$ hybrid were also investigated to see the potential usefulness of these characteristics for the diagnosis of the taxonomic affinity. And, the growth performances of the $F_1$ hybrids have also been compared with those of parental species. In order to contribute to the establishment of the hybrid seed orchard the introgression phenomena between P. densiflora and P. thunbergii in the eastern coastal area have also been investigated along with the investigation of the heterozygosity of plus trees of P. densiflora growing in the clone bank in Suwon. And the results were summarized as follows. 1. On the basis of crossabilities as well as on the taxonomic affinities according to the systems of Shaw, Pilger and Duffield, it has been proven that the parental species of those hybrids are of close affinities and range of the fertile hybrid seed production rate was as high as 28-58% in the best hybrid combination (Table 13). 2. Among those hybrids, the ${\times}$ Pinus, rigiserotina hybrid seemed to be most promising in the growth performance exhibiting 109-155% more volume growth compared to the seed parent with the statistic significance of 1% level (Tables 16 and 17). 3. Notwithstanding the fact that the all of the pollen parents are cold tender, all hybrids exhibit cold hardiness as much as their seed parent and it seems to suggest that the characteristics of cold hardiness were transmitted from the seed parent. 4. Though a striking difference in needle length was observed between the parental species of each hybrid, it was difficult to distinguish each hybrid from their seed parent by the needle length except ${\times}$P. rigiserotina which is characterized by long needle which is 65% more longer than the needle of the seed parent (Table 21). 5. With regard to the anatomical characteristics of needle, the hypoderm is apparently thicker in most of the $F_1$ hybrid pines and the characteristics of resin canals are dominated by medial in most $F_1$ hybrid. And, the fibrovascular bundles were apart as were in their seed parent. Therefore it was found to be possible to distinguish the hybrids pines from their parents by the needle characteristics. And, it is to be noticed that the ${\times}$P. densithunbergii was more close to the pollen parent having RDI value of 0.73 (Fig.l, Table 22). 6. It has been demonstrated that ${\times}$P. rigielliottii, ${\times}$P. rigiradiata and ${\times}$P. rigitaeda have a phenolic substance (No.7) of light yellow at Rf-0.46, same as their seed parent, but no trace of phenolic substance was observed in their pollen parent. This fact will serve as an important criteria for early identification of hybridity in progeny testing. However, the fact that both of ${\times}$P. rigiserotina and ${\times}$P. densithunbergii exhibit the same reactions of phenolic substances as well their parental species seems to indicate the close affinities between the parental species of the respective hybrid (Fig.2, Table 23). 7. The separation and the reaction of phenolic substance developed on TLC were found to be same in the same species showing no variations between the individuals, and no variations due to tree part of sampling, tree age or pollen sources. And the reaction was also observed regardless of the not varied by the kind of developing solvent whether it is Aceton-Chloroform (3:7 v/v) or Benzene-Methanol-Acetic acid (90:16:8 v/v). 8. The introgression phenomena of natural Pinus densifiora stand in both east and west coastal area indicates that the major part of the red pines investigated are all heterozygous and the heterozygosity of pines are higher in the west coast than in the east coast(Tables 24 and 25). 9. Based on the RDI, among the plus trees of Pinus densiflora selected in Korea and Japan as well, no pure P. densiflora has been found. Since all of the sample trees of Pinus densiflora were found to be as heterozygous bearing part of the characteristics of P. thunbergii, those red pines were considered to be natural heterotic hybrid pines(Figs. 3 and 4. Tables 26 and 27).

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.276-284
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• 2008

A computed tomography (CT) is a powerful system for the effectively fast and accurate diagnosis. The CT system, therefore, has used substantially and developed for improving the performance over the past decade, resulting in growing concerns over the radiation dose from the CT. Advanced CT techniques, such as a multidetector row CT scanner and dual energy or dual source CT, have led to new clinical applications that could result in further increases of radiation does for both patients and workers. The objective of this study was to review the international guidelines of the shielding requirements for a CT facility required for a new installation or when modifying an existing one. We used Google Search Engine to search the following keywords: computed tomography, CT regulation or shield or protection, dual energy or dual source CT, multidetector CT, CT radiation protection, and regulatory or legislation or regulation CT. In addition, we searched some special websites, that were provided for sources of radiation protection, shielding, and regulation, RSNA, AAPM, FDA, NIH, RCR, ICRP, IRPA, ICRP, IAEA, WHO (See in Table 1 for full explanations of the abbreviations). We finally summarized results of the investigated materials for each country. The shielding requirement of the CT room design was very well documented in the countries of Canada, United States of America, and United Kingdom. The wall thickness of the CT room could be obtained by the iso-exposure contour or the point source method. Most of documents provided by international organizations were explained in importance of radiation reduction in patients and workers. However, there were no directly-related documents of shielding and patient exposure dose for the dual energy CT system. Based international guidelines, the guideline of the CT room shielding and radiation reduction in patients and workers should be specified for all kinds of CT systems, included in the dual energy CT. We proposed some possible strategies in this paper.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.6 no.5
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• pp.357-363
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• 2012

The purpose of this study on head computed tomography scan corporate reorganization adaptive iteration algorithm using the statistical noise, and quality assessment, reduction of dose was evaluated. Head CT examinations do not apply ASIR group [A group], ASIR 50 applies a group [B group] were divided into examinations. B group of each 46.9 %, 48.2 %, 43.2 %, and 47.9 % the measured in the phantom research result of measurement of CT noise average were reduced more than A group in the central part (A) and peripheral unit (B, C, D). CT number was measured with the quantitive analytical method in the display-image quality evaluation and about noise was analyze. There was A group and difference which the image noise notes statistically between B. And A group was high so that the image noise could note than B group (31.87 HUs, 31.78 HUs, 26.6 HUs, 30.42 HU P<0.05). The score of the observer 1 of A group evaluated 73.17 on 74.2 at the result 80 half tone dot of evaluating by the qualitative evaluation method of the image by the bean curd clinical image evaluation table. And the score of the observer 1 of B group evaluated 71.77 on 72.47. There was no difference (P>0.05) noted statistically. And the inappropriate image was shown to the diagnosis. As to the exposure dose, by examination by applying ASIR 50 % there was no decline in quality of the image, 47.6 % could reduce the radiation dose. In conclusion, if ASIR is applied to the clinical part, it is considered with the dose written much more that examination is possible. And when examination, it is considered that it becomes the positive factor when the examiner determines.