• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제40권3호
• /
• pp.401-408
• /
• 2011

본 연구에서는 소맥엽 물추출물을 제2형 당뇨동물모델 ob/ob 마우스에게 6주간 경구투여 하여 혈중 포도당 및 혈중 지질에 미치는 영향에 대하여 연구하였다. TAWE를 투여한 결과, lean 마우스 대조군 및 실험군들의 혈중 포도당 농도와 체중은 유의적인 변화가 없었다. 반면, ob/ob 마우스에서 대조군은 실험기간 내내 혈중 포도당 농도 및 체중이 높은 증가율을 보였으나, TAWE를 투여한 ob/ob 마우스에서는 혈중 포도당 및 체중 증가가 TAWE 투여용량 의존적으로 감소되었으며, 특히 TAWE-100 투여군에서 대조군에 비하여 체중 약 11.9%, 혈중 포도당 약 78.4% 감소되는 효과를 보였다. 또한 TAWE 투여가 실험동물의 장기무게에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 비장, 신장, 심장 및 폐의 무게를 측정한 결과, lean 마우스 및 ob/ob 마우스 실험군 사이에 각각의 장기에 대한 유의적인 무게 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 혈중 인슐린 농도는 lean 마우스 대조군 및 실험군의 평균 농도(3.93 ng/mL)에 비하여 ob/ob 마우스 대조군(15.60 ng/mL), TAWE-100 투여군(20.19 ng/mL) 및 TAWE-25 투여군(19.66 ng/mL)에서 모두 높게 나타나는 경향을 보였지만 ob/ob 마우스 TAWE-100 투여군에서는 보다 증가된 인슐린 수치를 확인하였으며, 면역조직화학염색 시험법에서도 췌장 $\beta$세포의 인슐린 발현정도가 TAWE-100 투여군에서 가장 높게 나타났다. TAWE는 lean 마우스의 총콜레스테롤, 중성지방 및 HDL에 유의적인 영향을 미치지 않았지만, ob/ob 마우스 TAWE-100 투여군에서 대조군에 비해 총콜레스테롤 24.35%, 중성지방 23.97%가 감소하였고, HDL은 29.80% 증가하였다. 포도당 내당능에 대한 평가를 위해 당부하 검사를 실시한 결과 ob/ob 마우스 TAWE-100 투여군에서 60분부터 당부하가 유의적으로 개선되는 효과를 보였다. 결과적으로, TAWE의 인슐린 저항성 제2형 당뇨병 동물모델 ob/ob 마우스에 6주간의 장기투여는 혈당 및 혈중 지질대사를 개선할 수 있음을 의미하며, 임상학적 당뇨 증상완화 및 당뇨 합병증 예방 및 치료제로 음용할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제42권6호
• /
• pp.885-891
• /
• 2013

유색보리와 귀리를 이용한 당뇨환자용 즉석죽의 당뇨 개선 효과를 in vivo를 통하여 확인하고 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. Type II 당뇨병 모델 생쥐(C57BLKS/J lar-$+Lepr^{db}/+Lepr^{db}$)의 실험종료 후 혈당의 농도는 대조군에서는 $426.0{\pm}15.4$ mg/dL이었으나, 실험군에서는 $352{\pm}12.2$ mg/dL로 약 17.4% 감소하였다. Streptozotocin으로 유발시킨 당뇨병 모델 SD계 rat의 실험종료 후 혈당의 농도는 대조군에서 $514.0{\pm}17.6$ mg/dL이었으나, 실험군에서는 $296.4{\pm}13.2$ mg/dL로 42.3% 감소하였다. Type II 당뇨병 모델 생쥐의 혈중내 인슐린 농도는 대조군에서 $7.9{\pm}0.5$ ng/mL이었으나, 실험군에서는 $12.8{\pm}1.1$ ng/mL로 약 38.3% 증가하였다. Type II 당뇨병 모델 생쥐의 췌도 내 인슐린 분비세포와 glucagon like peptide-1 분비세포에 대한 면역염색 반응은 실험군에서 대조군에 비해 췌도 내 인슐린 분비세포에 대한 면역염색 반응이 강하게 관찰되었고, streptozotocin으로 유발시킨 당뇨병 모델 SD계 rat의 췌도 내 인슐린 분비세포 및 glucagon like peptide-1 분비세포에 대한 면역염색 반응 또한 실험군에서 대조군에 비하여 인슐린 분비세포에 대한 면역염색 반응이 강하게 관찰되었다. 이상의 실험결과로 당뇨환자용 즉석죽은 당뇨병 유발 쥐들에서 췌도 내 인슐린 분비세포 기능의 활성화를 통한 인슐린의 분비를 촉진시키고, 혈당을 저하시킴을 알 수 있었다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
• /
• 제14권1호
• /
• pp.8-13
• /
• 2009

This study investigated the hypoglycemic effect of fermented soymilk extract (FSE) in STZ-induced diabetic mice. FSE was prepared via fermentation of soymilk with Bacillus subtilis followed by methanol extraction. The hypoglycemic effect was determined by inhibitory activities against ${\alpha}$-glucosidase and ${\alpha}$-amylase as well as the alleviation of postprandial glucose level. The non-fermented soymilk extract (SE) was used as control in this experiment. FSE showed higher (p<0.05) inhibitory activities than SE against ${\alpha}$-glucosidase and ${\alpha}$-amylase. The $IC_{50}$ values of FSE for ${\alpha}$-glucosidase and ${\alpha}$-amylase were 0.77 ancd 0.94 mg/mL, respectively, which were comparable or even superior to those of acarbose (0.79 and 0.68 mg/mL, respectively). In addition, a further suppression on the postprandial blood glucose levels were observed in the FSE than SE group for both STZ-induced diabetic mice and normal mice. Furthermore, FSE significantly lowered the incremental area under the curve (AUC) in the diabetic mice and the AUC in normal mice corroborated the hypoglycemic effect of FSE (p<0.05). Results from this study suggest that FSE may help decrease the postprandial blood glucose level via inhibiting ${\alpha}$-glucosidase and ${\alpha}$-amylase and the usefulness of FSE was proven to be better than SE.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• 제32권3호
• /
• pp.187-193
• /
• 2008

The present study was designed to investigate the anti-diabetic effect and mechanism of Korean red ginseng in C57BL/KsJ db/db mice. The db/db mice were divided into three groups: diabetic control group (DC), Korean red ginseng group (KRG, 100 mg/kg) and metformin group (MET, 300 mg/kg), and treated with drugs once per day for 10 weeks. Compared to the DC group, fasting blood glucose levels were decreased by 19.8% in KRG-, 67.7% in MET-treated group. With decreased plasma glucose and insulin levels, the insulin resistance index of the KRG-treated group was reduced by 27.6% compared to the DC group. The HbA1c levels in KRG and MET-treated groups were also decreased by 11.0% and 18.9% compared to that of DC group, respectively. Plasma triglyceride and non-esterified fatty acid levels were decreased by 18.8% and 16.8%, respectively, and plasma adiponectin and leptin levels were increased by 20.6% and 12.1%, respectively, in the KRG-treated group compared to those in DC group. Histological analyses of the liver and fat tissue of mice treated with KRG revealed significantly decreased number of lipid droplets and decreased size of adipocytes compared to the DC group. From the pancreatic islet double-immunofluorescence staining, we observed KRG has increased insulin contents, but decreased glucagon production. To elucidate action mechanism of KRG, effects on AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and its downstream target proteins responsible for fatty acid oxidation and gluconeogenesis were explored in the liver. KRG activated AMPK and acetyl-coA carboxylase (ACC) phosphorylations, resulting in stimulation of fatty acid oxidation. KRG also caused to down regulation of SREBP1a and its target gene expressions such as FAS, SCD1 and GPAT. In summary, our results suggest that KRG exerted the anti-diabetic effect through AMPK activation in the liver of db/db mice.

• 대한본초학회지
• /
• 제34권6호
• /
• pp.79-89
• /
• 2019

Objective : This study investigated the anti-diabetic effects of DM1, a herbal mixture with Atractylodis Rhizoma, Anemarrhenae Rhizoma, and Cinnamomi Cortex in high fat diet (HFD)-induced diabetic mice and the mechanism in C2C12 mouse skeletal muscle cells. Methods : The C57B/6 mice were fed high fat for 12 weeks, and then administrated DM1 extract (500 mg/kg, p.o.) for 4 weeks. The changes of body weight, calorie and water intakes, fasting blood glucose levels and the serum levels of glucose, insulin, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, AST and ALT were measured in mice. The histological changes of liver and pancreas tissues were also observed by H&E stain. C2C12 myoblasts were differentiated into myotubes and then treated with DM1 extract (0.5, 1, and 2 mg/㎖) for 24 hr. The expression of myosin heavy chain (MHC), PGC1α, Sirt1 and NRF1, and the AMPK phosphorylation were determined in the myotubes by western blot, respectively. Results : The DM1 extract administration significantly decreased the calorie and water intakes, glucose, triglyceride, AST and ALT levels and increased insulin and HDL-cholesterol in HFD-induced diabetic mice. DM1 extract inhibited lipid accumulation in liver tissue and improved glucose tolerance. In C2C12 myotubes, DM1 treatment increased the expression of MHC, PGC1α, Sirt-1, NRF-1 and the AMPK phosphorylation. Conclusion : In our results indicate that DM1 can improve diabetic symptoms by decreasing the obesity, glucose tolerance and fatty liver in HFD-induced diabetic mice, and responsible mechanism is might be related with energy enhancement.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• 제8권4호
• /
• pp.404-409
• /
• 2014

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The number of diabetic patients has recently shown a rapid increase, and delayed wound healing is a major clinical complication in diabetes. In this study, the wound healing effect of Hominis placenta (HP) treatment was investigated in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. MATERIALS/METHODS: Four full thickness wounds were created using a 4 mm biopsy punch on the dorsum. HP was injected subcutaneously at the middle region of the upper and lower wounds. Wounds were digitally photographed and wound size was measured every other day until the 14th day. Wound closure rate was analyzed using CANVAS 7SE software. Wound tissues were collected on days 2, 6, and 14 after wounding for H/E, immunohistochemistry for FGF2, and Masson's trichrome staining for collagen study. RESULTS: Significantly faster wound closure rates were observed in the HP treated group than in normal and diabetes control mice on days 6 and 8. Treatment with HP resulted in reduced localization of inflammatory cells in wounded skin at day 6 in normal mice and at day 14 in diabetic mice (P < 0.01). Expression of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 2 showed a significant increase in the HP treated group on day 14 in both normal (P < 0.01) and diabetic mice (P < 0.05). In addition, HP treated groups showed a thicker collagen layer than no treatment groups, which was remarkable on the last day, day 14, in both normal and diabetic mice. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, HP treatment has a beneficial effect on acceleration of cutaneous wound healing via regulation of the entire wound healing process, including inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling.

• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제32권8호
• /
• pp.589-594
• /
• 2022

이 연구에서 베툴린산이 STZ에 의해 유발된 고혈당 쥐에서 탄수화물 소화 효소의 활성을 억제하고 식후 고혈당을 감소시킬 수 있는지 여부를 알아보았다. 그 결과, 베툴린산이 α-글루코시다아제와 α-아밀라아제 활성에 강력한 억제 효과를 보여주었다. α-글루코시다아제와 α-아밀라아제에 대한 베툴린산의 IC₅₀는 각각 12.83± 6.81 및 18.32±3.24 μM으로, 이는 경구 혈당강하제인 acarbose의 IC₅₀ 보다 값이 낮아 베툴린산의 탄수화물 소화효소의 억제 활성이 높다는 것을 나타낸다. 당뇨쥐와 정상쥐에서 증가된 식후 혈당은 베툴린산을 투입한 고혈당군, 정상군 모두 대조군보다 유의하게 식후 혈당이 억제되었습니다. 30, 60, 120분에 각각 혈당을 측정하였을 떄, 당뇨쥐에서 베툴린산을 투여한 군의 혈당은 23.22±1.1, 24.38±1.31, and 21.05±1.36 μM 으로 대조군의 혈당인 24.64± 1.7, 27.22±1.58, and 26.36±1.40 μM 보다 유의하게 감소하였다. 당뇨쥐에서 베툴린산 투여한 군의 AUC도 대조군 쥐에 비해 유의하게 감소하였지만, acarbose를 투여한 군에 비해서는 더 많이 감소하지 않았다. 이러한 연구 결과는 베툴린산이 탄수화물 소화 효소의 강력한 억제제로의 가능성을 보여주어, 당뇨병 쥐의 식후 고혈당증을 개선할 수 있을 것이라 사료된다.

• 고려인삼학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 고려인삼학회 2002년도 학술대회지
• /
• pp.129-144
• /
• 2002

We investigated anti-hyperglycemic and anti-obese effects of Panax ginseng berry extract and its major constituent, ginsenoside Re, in obese diabetic C57BL/6J ob/ob mice and their lean littermates. Animals received daily intraperitoneal injections of Panax ginseng berry extract for 12 days. On Day 5, 150 mg/kg extract-treated ob/ob mice had significantly lower fasting blood glucose levels compared to vehicle-treated mice $(156{\pm}9.0\;mg/dl\;vs.\;243{\pm}15.8mg/dl,$ P<0.01). On Day 12, the extract-treated ob/ob mice became normoglycemic $(137{\pm}6.7\;mg/dl)$ and had significantly improved glucose tolerance. The overall glucose excursion during the two-hour intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT), calculated as area under the curve (AUC), decreased by $46\%$ (P<0.01) compared to vehicle-treated ob/ob mice. Glucose levels of lean mice were not significantly affected by the extract. The improvement in blood glucose levels in 150 mg/kg extracttreated ob/ob mice was associated with significant reduction in serum insulin levels of fed and fasting mice. Consistent with an improvement in insulin sensitivity, hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp study revealed a more than 2-fold increase in the rate of insulin-stimulated glucose disposal in treated ob/ob mice $(112{\pm}19.1\;vs.\;52{\pm}11.8{\mu}mol/kg/min$ for the vehicle group, P<0.01). In addition, 150 mg/kg extract-treated ob/ob mice, but not the lean mice, lost significant weight (from $51.7{\pm}1.9g\;on\;Day\;0\;to\;45.7{\pm}1.2$ on Day 12, P<0.01 compared to vehicle-treated ob/ob mice), associated with a significant reduction in food intake (P<0.05) and a very significant increase in energy expenditure (P<0.01) and body temperature (P<0.01). A 12-day treatment with 150 mg/kg Panax ginseng berry extract also significantly reduced plasma cholesterol levels in ob/ob mice. Additional studies demonstrated that ginsenoside Re, a major constituent of the ginseng berry, but not from the root, plays a significant role in anti-hyperglycemic action. This anti-diabetic effect of ginsenoside Re was not associated with body weight changes, suggesting that other constituents in the extract have distinct pharmacological mechanisms on energy metabolism. The identification of a significant anti-hyperglycemic activity in ginsenoside Re may provide an opportunity to develop a novel class of anti-diabetic agent.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제57권4호
• /
• pp.376-388
• /
• 2024

Purpose: Adipocyte dysfunction has been reported in diabetes, and stimulating thermogenesis and suppressing senescence in adipocytes potentially alleviates metabolic dysregulation. This study aimed to investigate thermogenesis and cellular senescence in diabetic adipocytes under basal conditions and in response to stimuli. Methods: White and brown primary adipocytes derived from control (CON) and db/db (DB) mice were treated with β-agonists, such as norepinephrine (NE) and CL316,243, and 18-carbon fatty acids, including stearic acid, oleic acid (OLA), linoleic acid (LNA), and α-linolenic acid, and the expression of the genes related to thermogenesis and cellular senescence was measured. Results: Although no difference in the thermogenic and cellular senescence gene expression in white adipose tissue (WAT) was noted between the CON and DB mice, brown adipose tissue (BAT) from the DB mice exhibited lower uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp1) expression and higher cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor (Cdkn)1a and Cdkn2a expression levels compared to that from the CON mice. Stromal vascular cells isolated from the BAT of the DB mice displayed higher peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (Pparg), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (Cebpa), Cdkn1a, and Cdkn2a expression levels. White adipocytes from the DB mice exhibited lower Ucp1, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1 alpha (Pgc1a), and PR domain containing 16 (Prdm16) expression levels regardless of β-agonist treatment. NE upregulated Pgc1a in both white and brown adipocytes from the CON mice, but not in those from the DB mice. Although none of the fatty acids were observed to downregulate the cellular senescence genes in fully differentiated adipocytes, the OLA-treated brown adipocytes derived from DB mice exhibited lower Cdkn1a and Cdkn2b expression levels than the LNA-treated cells. Conclusion: These results indicate that the lower thermogenic capacity of diabetic adipocytes may be related to their cellular senescence, and different fatty acids potentially exert divergent effects on the expression of cellular senescence genes.

• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제28권4호
• /
• pp.421-428
• /
• 2018

식후고혈당은 제 2형 당뇨병의 발병에 부정적인 영향을 미치고 미세혈관 및 대혈관 질환 등의 당뇨병 합병증 유발과 밀접한 관계가 있다. 따라서 식후고혈당을 조절하는 것이 당뇨병 합병증의 위험을 줄이는 가장 중요한 요소이다. 식후고혈당은 소장에서 ${\alpha}$-글루코시다아제와 같은 탄수화물 소화 효소를 저해함으로써 조절될 수 있다. 이에 본 연구는 쇠비름 에탄올 추출물(PEE)과 물 추출물(PWE)이 탄수화물 소화 효소를 저해하고, 당뇨병 마우스에서 식후 고혈당을 강하시키는 효과에 대해 조사하였다. ${\alpha}$-글루코시다아제와 ${\alpha}$-아밀라아제에 대한 저해효과는 두 추출물 모두 양성대조군인 acarbose보다 더 효과적이었으며, PEE에 의한 ${\alpha}$-글루코시다아제 저해 효과가 PWE 보다 더 효과적이었다. Diabetic mice에 전분(2 g/kg)을 투여한 후의 혈당 증가는 30, 60, 120분에 각각 383.7, 429.3, 360.2 mg/dL로 나타났고, 전분(2 g/kg)과 PEE 또는 PWE 추출물(300 mg/Kg)을 투여한 후의 혈당 증가는 30, 60, 120분에 각각 337.0, 368.5, 290.1 mg/dL과 365.8, 379.2, 324.3 mg/dL로 나타나, PEE 추출물 투여군이 대조군에 비해 식후 혈당 강하가 효과적으로 나타남을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 결과는 쇠비름 추출물이 탄수화물 소화효소를 저해함으로써 식후 고혈당을 완화시키고, 특히 쇠비름 에탄올 추출물(PEE)이 쇠비름 물 추출물(PWE) 보다 식후 고혈당을 완화시키는데 더욱 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다.