• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.207-214
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• 2019

Objectives: Medically compromised patients often fear required dental surgical procedures that can increase the risk of medical emergency when combined with reduced tolerance for stress. A stress reduction protocol (SRP) helps doctors minimize treatment-related stress and improves patient management with minimum complications. Diabetes and co-morbid hypertension carry 4-fold risk of aggravation of cardiovascular emergencies and 7.2-fold risk of mortality. Diabetic neuropathy can result in difficult diagnosis of myocardial infarction and reduces chances of surviving a myocardial infarction compared with a non-diabetic person. The aim of the study was to assess the feasibility of a protocol for management of patients having both diabetes and hypertension who required minor oral surgery to minimize the rate of cardiovascular emergencies. Materials and Methods: A prospective study was conducted in 140 patients having both diabetes and hypertension who required minor oral surgical procedures. A systematic approachable protocol was designed for management of such patients. Results: Among 140 patients, 6 patients (4.3%) had cardiovascular complications, while 3 patients (1 with syncope and 2 with hypertension) did not require any intervention other than observation. Two patients were managed with aspirin and nitroglycerin, and 1 patient had possible myocardial infarction (overall incidence 0.7%) with chest pain, S-T segment elevation on electrocardiogram, and troponin level of 0.60 ng/mL. Conclusion: The proposed protocol helps to improve management of patients having both diabetes and hypertension. We recommend that patients with uncontrolled diabetes and uncontrolled hypertension and/or patients having history of cardiovascular complication should be treated in a medical facility with a readily available cardiology unit. This facilitates prompt response to emergency and instant implementation of treatment, helping to reduce morbidity and mortality.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2017

The prevalence of diabetes and its related morbidity and mortality are being increased. Despite the advancement of evidence-based pharmacotherapy in the management of diabetes, many patients in our country do not achieve satisfied therapeutic outcomes. Pharmaceutical care service can be defined as a patient-centered clinical service provided by pharmacists to improve therapeutic outcomes and quality of life of patients, by identifying, and preventing or resolving drug-related problems (DRPs). Pharmaceutical care service is interdisciplinary team-based practice, and is provided through collaborative practice agreement (CPA) between one or more physicians and pharmacists. This article describes a model of pharmaceutical care service which can be adopted in our country for patients with diabetes in the ambulatory care settings. With the successful implementation of this service, clinical, economic, and humanistic outcomes of patients will be improved. Therefore, by actively implementing pharmaceutical care service, pharmacist should contribute to the promotion of patients' health and to the advancement of health care delivery system.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.509-519
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• 2017

Objectives: This study describes how two patients diagnosed with type-II diabetes mellitus were successfully treated using herbal medicine. Methods: The patients were given Yuldahanso-tang to reduce the effects of Taeumin's dry-febrile symptom. Results: Type-II diabetes mellitus symptoms experienced by patients with Taeumin's dry-febrile symptom included thirst, fatigue, weight loss, and numbness in the hands and feet. After administering Yuldahanso-tang, all numerical levels for blood sugar, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), glycosuria, and proteinuria recovered to within normal levels. Conclusions: Treatment of patients with Taeumin's dry-febrile symptom and type-II diabetes mellitus with Yuldahanso-tang was effective, and this new evidence supports the use of herbal medicine for treating such patients.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.366-378
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• 2000

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients have chronic metabolic disorder and they need self care for their lifetime. But most Diabetes Mellitus patients don't know how to do a self care due to the lack of adequate support from health care professionals. It has been reported that lack of exercise therapy compliance guide is very important one. This study was conducted to develop an exercise therapy protocol applied to an efficacy expectation promoting program based on Bandura's self efficacy model for type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients. Firstly, a conceptual framework was developed through efficacy expectation promoting Program based on Bandura's self efficacy model. In order to identify the contents of program and to design a preliminary protocol, a with the consultation experts was made. A clinical validity was tested using twenty type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients who received follow-up care regularly through the diabetic out-patient clinic from October, 1998 to May, 2000. After this process, the final protocol was developed. The results of this study are summarized as bellows : The final exercise therapy protocol applied to an efficacy expectation promoting program for type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients consists of individualized exercise test and prescription, a small booklet relating personal experience with Diabetes Mellitus and a telephone coaching program for 12 weeks on performance accomplishment, vicarious experience and verbal persuasion, which are all induction modes of efficacy expectation. It is concluded that the exercise therapy protocol applied to an efficacy expectation promoting program is applicable to type 2 diabetes mellitus. And this exercise therapy protocol could show a positive effect on the exercise compliance of Diabetes Mellitus patients.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.61-74
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• 2009

Purpose: In order to increase the quality of nursing care for patients with diabetes mellitus, it is important for clinical nurses to accept changes in diabetes knowledge and correct their approach immediately. This approach will also contribute to effective nursing practice. Methods: The study was designed to investigate the level of knowledge and diffusion of knowledge for nursing care of patients with diabetes mellitus among clinical nurses. It was conducted with nurses from 29 general hospitals in Korea from November 3 to December 5, 2008. The questionnaire consisted of 129 items and it was sent to the participants by mail. Of the 1,060 questionnaires returned, only 930 were valid for use in the statistical analysis. Results: 1) The average score for clinical nurses' knowledge of diabetes mellitus was 0.67 out of 1.0. 2) The level of persuasion of knowledge for nursing care of patients with diabetes mellitus averaged 0.64 out of 1.0 3) The level of practical application of knowledge for nursing care of patients with diabetes mellitus averaged 1.05 out of 2.0, indicating that they applied their knowledge 'sometimes'. 4) The level of diffusion of knowledge for nursing care of patients with diabetes mellitus was 2.37 out of 4.0 and level was estimated as the stage of 'persuasion'. 5) There were significant differences in nursing knowledge of diabetes mellitus, according to experience in practical education for diabetes mellitus. Conclusion: The results indicate that nurses with a lower level of knowledge of diabetes mellitus have a lower level of persuasion of knowledge for nursing care of patients with diabetes mellitus and lower practical application. To improve the level of nurses' knowledge of diabetes mellitus, practical training programs are needed for areas in which knowledge level is low, such as 'diagnosis and management of diabetes mellitus', 'oral diabetes medication', and 'glucose control in special conditions'.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.108-117
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• 2016

Objectives: Smoking is known to be associated with nephropathy in patients with diabetes. The distinct effects of smoking before and after diabetes has been diagnosed, however, are not well characterized. We evaluated the association of cigarette smoking before and after a diagnosis of diabetes with the presence of diabetic nephropathy. Methods: We analyzed data from the 2011-2013 editions of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. A total of 629 male patients diagnosed with diabetes were classified as non-smokers (90 patients), former smokers (225 patients), or continuing smokers (314 patients). A "former smoker" was a patient who smoked only before receiving his diagnosis of diabetes. A "continuing smoker" was a patient who smoked at any time after his diabetes had been diagnosed. Diabetic nephropathy was defined as the presence of albuminuria (spot urine albumin/creatinine ratio ${\geq}30mg/g$) or low estimated glomerular filtration rate ($<60mL/min/1.73m^2$). Multiple logistic regression models were used to assess the independent association after adjusting for age, duration of diabetes, hemoglobin A1c, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, medication for hypertension, and medication for dyslipidemia. Female patients were excluded from the study due to the small proportion of females in the survey who smoked. Results: Compared to non-smokers, continuing smokers had significantly higher odds ratio ([OR], 2.17; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.23 to 3.83) of suffering from diabetic nephropathy. The corresponding OR (95% CI) for former smokers was 1.26 (0.70 to 2.29). Conclusions: Smoking after diagnosis of diabetes is significantly associated with the presence of diabetic nephropathy in the Korean male population.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.3937-3940
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• 2015

Background: Pancreatic cancer risk is increased in patients with type 2 diabetes, while being reduced by metformin treatment. However, it is unclear whether metformin could be associated with clinical outcomes of patients with pancreatic cancer and concurrent type 2 diabetes. Materials and Methods: A pooled analysis of 4 publications including 1,429 patients was performed to investigate the association of metformin and overall survival(OS) in patients with pancreatic cancer and concurrent type 2 diabetes. Results: A borderline significant relative survival benefit was found in metformin treated patients compared with non-metformin treated patients (hazard ratio 0.80; 95% CI: 0.62-1.03). Conclusions: These results suggest that further investigation is warranted of whether metformin may benefit the survival of patients with pancreatic cancer and concurrent type 2 diabetes.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.103-114
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of nursing education in diabetes patient, and to define the strategy to promote their sick-roll behavior, self efficacy. The quasi-experimental design was designed non-equivalent control group, non-synchronized design. The study had been done by investigating the experimental group and control group through the questionnaire on 58 patients who had been hospitalized and visiting out-patient department in K hospital in Pusan from June 1, 1998 to September 30, 1998. Individual diabetes education was carried out experimental group for the average 45 minutes. Self-efficacy was measured by Diabetes Management Self-efficacy Instrument developed by Park(1984). Data was collected before and after the experimentation. Collected data was analyzed by means of frequency, percentage, chi-square test, mean, standard deviation, and t-test with SPSS/PC program. The results were summarized as follows : 1. 'The experimental group which received the individual diabetes education should be higher in self-efficacy than control group' was not supported. 2. 'The experimental group which received the individual diabetes education should be higher in sick-roll behavior than control group' was not supported(P=.043). In conclusion, the patient who received individual diabetes education showed the increase in degree of sick - roll behavior of diabetes patients. So individual diabetes education had been judged the nursing intervention to improve sick-roll behavior of diabetes patients. But there was no effect about self-efficacy so to have the program which can improve self-efficacy is needed.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.4301-4309
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• 2014

This study was carried out to identify the perceived educational needs of diabetes mellitus type 2(DM 2) patients and the factors influencing their diabetes educational needs. The descriptive and correlation study design was used. The data was collected from January 2, 2012 to February 29 10, 2012 and a total of 346 diabetes patients responded in a structured instrument regarding their characteristics, diabetes knowledge and needs for diabetes education. The data was analyzed using ANOVA, t-test, Scheffe test, Pearson correlation, and stepwise multiple regression. The mean score of the diabetes educational needs was 3.03 (range: 1.09-4.00). Of the factors significantly influencing the diabetes educational needs, age (${\beta}$=-.25, p<.001), diabetes education participation of the family (${\beta}$=.21, p=.003), and self blood sugar test (${\beta}$=-.13, p=.045) explained the 11% variance of the diabetes educational needs. These three factors need to be considered when implementing diabetes education programs for diabetes management.

• BMB Reports
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.234-238
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• 2004

This study was designed to investigate, in the Turkish population, the association of methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T polymorphism and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in patients with type II diabetes mellitus. Our study included 249 patients with type II diabetes mellitus (102 men, 147 women) and 214 healthy volunteers as controls (91 men, 123 women). MTHFR C677T genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction, restriction fragment length polymorphism techniques. No differences were observed in the distribution of MTHFR genotypes or allele frequencies in the cases versus the controls. The frequency of the MTHFR-mutated allele (T) was 31.7% in the type II diabetes mellitus versus 31.1% of the controls. The homozygous mutation (T/T) in the MTHFR gene was identified in 12% of the type II diabetes mellitus versus 9.3% of the controls. Patients with the TT genotype showed a higher prevalence of LVH when compared to patients with the CC and CT genotypes (p = 0.01). The MTHFR gene C677T mutation may be a possible risk factor for the development of LVH in the type II diabetic patients.