• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.54-63
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• 2017

Anemia, defined as a reduction in the hemoglobin concentration of blood, is common in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients, can be potentially caused by diabetes complications such as nephropathy. Recent research suggests that diabetes mellitus (DM) itself may be a major risk factor of anemia. However, there are few Korean studies on the relationship between diabetes mellitus (DM) and anemia. This study was performed to investigate the association between anemia and diabetes mellitus (DM) in Korean adults. A total of 10,151 Korean adults over aged 19 years (4,422 male, 5,729 female) were selected from the participants of the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey VI (KNHANES VI). Korean adults with anemia had a higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) than the normal adults (11.4% vs. 30.4% in male, 8.8% vs. 9.4% in female). The unadjusted odds ratio (OR) for anemia was greater in adults with DM than in normal male (OR=3.28; 95% CI: 2.27~4.73). After adjusting for other risk factors including age, education, family income, smoking, drinking, and menstrual status, anemia and diabetes were not associated (OR=1.33; 95% CI: 0.84~2.09). Similarly, there was no association between anemia and diabetes in female. In conclusion, this study shows that the prevalence of anemia is similar in diabetic and non-diabetic Korean adults after adjusting for multiple risk factors. Further research is required to elucidate the mechanism of anemia caused as a consequence of diabetes mellitus (DM).

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.135-146
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• 2014

Objectives: This study performed to enhance the competency of health education specialist on population-based program to prevent chronic disease in public health organizations. In addition, it will provide the basic data to enhance specialized competency for health education specialist. Method: The current operating strategy and demanded competency related to chronic disease programs were analyzed by reviewing the Korean Health Plan 2020, the guideline of integrated health promotion programs, and the job description of health education specialist. Results: Preventive programs for chronic disease provide with healthy lifestyle programs in integrated health promotion service. First, health education specialist should learn to professional knowledge on health risk factor and chronic disease. Second, they should cultivate the integrated competency to manage operations on obesity, hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer prevention programs. Third, they get strengthened the-job training to implement health education, public relations, campaigns, media advocacy, and utilization of multi-media. Conclusion: It should implement the preventive programs for chronic disease in various health promotion services through coordination with multiple sectors. To identify of the job in preventive program for that, it would be required empowerment of health education specialists on disease prevention science and practical life skill.

• Journal of Korean Academic Society of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.15-24
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• 2003

This study provides some basic information on the improvement of diabetics' self-care activities through examining the patients' knowledge on diabetes, self-care activities, and how much they feel those activities are effective and through studying the correlation among the three factors. One hundred and fifty four patients were subjected to this study, who were treated or hospitalized in a hospital in Pusan. Researches were conducted from October 21 to November 9, 2002, and information were gathered by questionnaire and direct conversation with the patients. The data was processed through SPSS WIN 10.0 program. The Date were analyzed by descriptive statistics, ANOVA, t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient and Spearman rank correlation coefficient. The results of this study was the followings; 1) The subjects' knowledge on diabetes ranged from 6 to 23 points with a mean of 17.01 points. 2) The subjects' self-care activities ranged from 21 to 103 points with a mean of 67.72 points. That of the patients with regular treatments appeared to have the highest points (3.51) and the lowest points appeared in the measurement of sugar level in blood (2.60) 3) The subjects' feelings of effectiveness ranged from 21 to 103 points with a mean of 70.01 points. Drug therapy had the highest point (3.94) and diet showed the lowest (3.37) 4) In the general characteristics of the subjects, the more education a subject had, the more knowledge on diabetes he or she appeared to have (F=3.36, p=0.012). The self-care activities were significantly high among non-alcoholic subjects (F=4.301. p=.016). The subjects' feelings of effectiveness were higher in female patients than in male patients(t=2.132 , p=.035), and those in the ages between 51 and 60 felt more effectiveness (F=4.198. p=.003). In addition, married subjects felt more effectiveness than the unmarried (t=2.856, p=0.005), and the more education a patient had. the more effectivess he or she felt (F=2.879, p=.025). 5) In the subjects' pathological characteristic, the subjects who experienced diabetes education showed more knowledge on diabetes, more self-care activity, and more effectiveness than those without the education (t=3.193, p=.002; t=2.299, p=.023; t=2.128, p=.035). 6) As the results of the analyses of correlations among knowledge on diabetes, self-care activity, and effectiveness, the more knowledge on diabetes a patient had, the more self-care activity and the more effectiveness he or she showed (p=0.283. p=0.002; p=0.182, p=0.036). Self-care activity became higher as the feeling of effectiveness appeared higher (r=.550, p=.000). Based on the results above, several suggestions were made; 1) This study was conducted in one hospital, so it is difficult to generalize the results. It is necessary to gather more information from more patients through repeated researches. 2) The study on the other factors which can affect a patient's self-care activity is required. 3) The development of a program which improves a patient's self-care activity, knowledge on diabetes. and effectiveness is needed.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.560-570
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of diabetic foot care education for the older adults with low health literacy. Methods: A quasi-experimental design with a non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest was used. The participants who were diagnosed with diabetes, were adults over 65 years old at the welfare center of Y and B city. They were divided into the experimental group (n=32) and the control group (n=31). Inclusion criteria were a score of 5 or under on the Short form of Korean Functional Health Literacy Test and 24 or more on the Korean version of Mini-Mental State Examination. Foot care education was conducted in a small group for 40 minutes, once a week, for three weeks. The education materials are composed of an easy term, picture and photographs to understand easily. Results: The scores of diabetic foot care knowledge (t=4.57, p<.001), foot care self-efficacy (t=6.07, p<.001), and foot self-care behavior (t=4.18, p<.001) were significantly increased in the experimental group compared to the control group. Foot health status was not significantly improved. Conclusion: The findings indicate that this education program can be used as a nursing intervention improving foot care knowledge, foot care self-efficacy, and foot self-care behavior in order to prevent the diabetic foot problems of elderly diabetic persons with low health literacy.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.104-115
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• 2014

Background: The glycemic index (GI) indicates the rise in blood glucose caused by carbohydrate-containing foods. In Korea, there have been few studies on the understanding adults have of GI. Thus, this study investigated differences GI knowledge among the korean adults. Methods: A questionnaire on the perspective of GI and experience in GI education, participational intent to learn, general knowledge level, and dietary practice was conducted among those living in agricultural areas. Respondents were visitors to the health promotion center of a university hospital. Results: When asked about the GI familiarity, the standard of education, the relationships between diseases and GI, the diabetes group was better able to answer correctly than the other groups. However, the diabetes group showed either no difference or less correct responses for general knowledge of GI. With respect to their usual consideration and low GI dietary practice, the diabetes group provided higher responses than the other groups. On the whole, the diabetes group was better than the other groups for GI relative factor but none of the groups showed high levels for perspective, education, dietary practice of GI. Conclusions: The groups other than the diabetes group had a low perspective of GI, a lack of correct knowledge of GI, and did not follow a proper diet without considering GI. Even in the diabetes group the perspective, knowledge, and proper dietary practices were not adequate. Accordingly, further education of GI is necessary for diabetic patients, patients with chronic diseases and also people without diseases.

• Journal of Korea Association of Health Promotion
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.39-48
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• 2006

Background : Diabetes mellitus is chronic condition which needs patients' understanding of disease status and effort for disease control. We investigated whether the patients' estimation for blood glucose control was reliable or not comparing with their HbA1C value, Method: Among people who visited one health promotion center in Seoul from 1995 to 2003,those who answered as having diabetes mellitus on self reported questionnaire were identified. Subsequent question was whether his or her diabetes was well controlled or not. We compared these replies with their HbA1C values. When their HbA1C values were below7% with answering not well controlled, we analyzed if there was any variable which can predict the discrepancy. And the same analyze we did for the opposite situation. Result: A total of 1193 patients were eligible. Those who answered as well controlled formed32.9% of the group with HbA1C values above 7%. In the cases with well controlled though significantly associated with this discrepancy, Conclusion: Considerable proportion of diabetic patients' estimation for diabetic control status was not matched with glycemic control guideline. For successful management of diabetes mellitus, more efforts for patient education and communication skills are essential.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.174-184
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• 1990

In order to determine the effect of individual patient teaching through home visiting on compliance with sick role behavior and the blood sugar level in diabetic patients, to determine if the effectiveness of the education was still present four year later and to inquire as to the effective time for a repeat education program this study was done through two quasi-experimental researches. The subjects consisted of 52 diabetic patients. The results of the study may be summarized as follows ; 1. Hypothesis I, in which the compliance with sick role behavior, the knowledge on diabetes and the health belief of the experimental group who received a diabetic education program will be higher than those of the control group who didn't receive the diabetic education, was supported by both studies in 1984 and 1988, confirming the effect on diabetic patients of the individualized education through home visiting ; In the 1984 study : Compliance(t＝-11.7, p＜.001) Knowledge(t＝-5.41, p＜.001) Health belief(t＝-4.74, p＜.001) In the 1988 study : Compliance(t＝-4.85, p＜.001) Knowledge(t＝-2.85, p＜.01) Health Belief(t＝-2.99, p＜.005) 2. The Hypothesis II, the blood sugar level of the experimental group will be lower than that of the control, was rejected in both studies, 1984 and 1988. 3. The Hypothesis III, the compliance, knowledge and health belief of the expermental group who received the education program in 1984 will not last till 1988, was supported in part, in compliance and health belief, but not in knowledge. In conclusion those who received the education program twice with an interval of 2 weeks, 4 years ago still had knowledge of diabetes but compliance and health belief had disappeared.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.56 no.5
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• pp.467-474
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• 2023

Objectives: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a serious public health issue that places a heavy financial, social, and health-related burden on individuals, families, and healthcare systems. Self-reported health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is extensively used for monitoring the general population's health conditions and measuring the effectiveness of interventions. Therefore, this study investigated HRQoL and associated factors among patients with type 2 DM at a primary healthcare center in Indonesia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Klaten District, Central Java, Indonesia, from May 2019 to July 2019. In total, 260 patients with DM registered with National Health Insurance were interviewed. HRQoL was measured with the EuroQol Group's validated Bahasa Indonesia version of the EuroQoL 5-Dimension 5-Level (EQ-5D-5L) with the Indonesian value set. Multivariate regression models were used to identify factors influencing HRQoL. Results: Data from 24 patients were excluded due to incomplete information. Most participants were men (60.6%), were aged above 50 years (91.5%), had less than a senior high school education (75.0%), and were unemployed (85.6%). The most frequent health problems were reported for the pain/discomfort dimension (64.0%) followed by anxiety (28.4%), mobility (17.8%), usual activities (10.6%), and self-care (6.8%). The average EuroQoL 5-Dimension (EQ-5D) index score was 0.86 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.83 to 0.88). In the multivariate ordinal regression model, a higher education level (coefficient, 0.08; 95% CI, 0.02 to 0.14) was a significant predictor of the EQ-5D-5L utility score. Conclusions: Patients with diabetes had poorer EQ-5D-5L utility values than the general population. DM patients experienced pain/discomfort and anxiety. There was a substantial positive relationship between education level and HRQoL.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.25-35
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• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to determine the fatigue, self-esteem, and depression of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (G-DM), and to reveal associated factors of depression. Methods: As a descriptive correlation study, data was collected from 119 pregnant women with G-DM. Data was analysed using t-test, ANOVA, and stepwise multiple regression. Results: Fatigue, self-esteem, and depression averaged $2.09{\pm}.62$ (range of scale 1~4), $2.63{\pm}.32$ (range of scale 1~6), and $0.45{\pm}.25$ (range of scale 0~3), respectively. The depression varied with a statistical significance according to the age (p=.008), employment (p=.014), child (p=.034), and physical and psychological adjustment of pregnancy (p<.001). We also identified fatigue as the most influencing factor and the physical and psychological adjustment of pregnancy as the second most influencing factor, self-esteem as the third, age as the fourth, and child as the influencing factor on the G-DM women's depression. Conclusions: This research provided a valuable opportunity to recognize G-DM as a personal, and societal problem, which calls for relational support as well as personal support. The healthcare providers need to recognize the emotional aspects of the women with G-DM, and make various efforts to promote the physical and psychological health of the G-DM patients.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.6227-6236
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• 2013

This study examined the health behavior and comorbidity based on a community health survey of stroke patients in 2010. The subjects were 4,449 adults over the age of 19 years, who were diagnosed by doctors and completed a community health questionnaire. The subjects demographic characteristics, health behavior and comorbidity were analyzed. Significant differences in age, education, smoking and alcohol consumption were observed. The influencing factors for comorbidity according to gender included myocardial infarction, diabetes and depression. According to the characteristics of comorbidity of the life cycle, hypertension, myocardial infarction and depression. The influencing factors related to the 19-44 year age group included Ex-smokers, 45-64 year old ex-smokers, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, atopic dermatitis, and the 75 year and over group with diabetes, hyperlipidemia, tuberculosis, and atopic dermatitis. This study suggests that health education and a health policy approach based on the relevance between stroke and comorbidity, and the health behavior according to the life cycle and gender are needed.