• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
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• 2003.09a
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• pp.272-275
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• 2003

This paper presents the role and its function of Tool server. MPEG-21 means multimedia framework for delivery and consumption of multimedia which is being discussed in ISO/IEC 21000. A view of MPEC-21 aims to define multimedia framework to enable transparent use of multimedia resource across a wide range of networks and devices used by different communities. MPEG-21 will enable all-electronic creation delivery and trade of digital multimedia content and transparent usage of various content types on network device. Therefore, we can provide access to information and services from almost anywhere at anytime with various terminals and networks. In order to support multimedia delivery chain that contains content creation, production, delivery and consumption, we need many standards(elements) for identify, describe, manage and protect the content. Thus, we define Digital Item Player(DIP), Digital Item Adaptation(DIA) server and Tool server as primary objects of MPEG-21 multimedia framework. DIP provides a function which creates and consumes Digital Item(DI) as a kind of a digital object by user. A DI contains both media resources and metadata including rights information. DIA server deals with the usage environment description schema of the user characteristics, terminal and network characteristics and natural environments. DIA server adapts the original DI to the usage environment description sent from the terminal and transmits the adapted DI to the terminal. Tool server searches for a tool requested from DIP or DIA and downloads the best tool to DIP or DIA server. In this paper, we present how Tool sewer is organized and is used among 2 primary objects. The paper is structured as followings: Section 1 briefly describes why MPEG-21 is needed and what MPEG-21 wants. We see requirement that tool server must equip functionally in section 2. The proposed tool server,its structure and its functionality are presented in section 3. Section 4 explains a scenario that tool server transmits tool to DIP and shows the experimental result. The paper concludes in section 5.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.225-227
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• 2011

This study investigates the effect of crushed fine aggregate and chemical admixture (durability improvement agent, named DIA) on blast furnace slag-based brick. The control brick was made with recycled fine aggregate of 100% and, no cement was used. Test results showed that all specimens developed similar strength, except for the specimen without partial replacement of crushed fine aggregate at 3 days. However, it is interesting to note that this specimen without crushed fine aggregate resulted in the highest strength at 7 days. In addition, the DIA had a major effect on the absorption ratio of brick specimens. For the brick specimens with partial replacement of crushed fine aggregate with 10%, the addition of DIA with only 1% was enough to satisfy the code regulated by KS F 4004.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.48 no.11
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• pp.41-47
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• 2011

A novel digital instrumentation amplifier(DIA) converting universal signal inputs into 5V voltage-output for industry standard sensor signal processing was designed. The circuit consists of a commercial instrumentation amplifier, seven analog switches, two voltage references of 1.0V and -10.0V, and four resistors. The converting principle is the circuit reconstruction by switches for resistor values and reference voltages according to input signals. The simulation result shows that the DIA has a good output voltage characteristics of 0~5V for the input voltage of 0V~5V, 1V~5V, -10V~+10V, and 4mA~20mA. The nonlinearity error was less than 0.1% for the four type signal inputs.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.89-95
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• 2000

As an efficient method to detect blending of general gravitational microlensing events, it is proposed to measure the shift of source star image centroid caused by microlensing. The conventional method to detect blending by this method is measuring the difference between the positions of the source star image point spread function measured on the images taken before and during the event (the PSF centroid shift, ${\delta}{\theta}$c,PSF). In this paper, we investigate the difference between the centroid positions measured on the reference and the subtracted images obtained by using the difference image analysis method (DIA centroid shift, ${\delta}{\theta}$c.DIA), and evaluate its relative usefulness in detecting blending over the conventional method based on ${\delta}{\theta}$c,PSF measurements. From this investigation, we find that the DIA centroid shift of an event is always larger than the PSF centroid shift. We also find that while ${\delta}{\theta}$c,PSF becomes smaller as the event amplification decreases, ${\delta}{\theta}$c.DIA remains constant regardless of the amplification. In addition, while ${\delta}{\theta}$c,DIA linearly increases with the increasing value of the blended light fraction, ${\delta}{\theta}$c,PSF peaks at a certain value of the blended light fraction and then eventually decreases as the fraction further increases. Therefore, measurements of ${\delta}{\theta}$c,DIA instead of ${\delta}{\theta}$c,PSF will be an even more efficient method to detect the blending effect of especially of highly blended events, for which the uncertainties in the determined time scales are high, as well as of low amplification events, for which the current method is highly inefficient.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.586-595
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• 2008

In this paper, we propose an adaptive multi-view video service framework suitable for mobile environments. The proposed framework generates intermediate views in near-realtime and overcomes the limitations of mobile services by adapting the multi-view video according to the processing capability of a mobile device as well as the user characteristics of a client. By implementing the most of adaptation processes at the server side, the load on a client can be reduced. H.264/AVC is adopted as a compression scheme. The framework could provide an interactive service with efficient video service to a mobile client. For this, we present a multi-view video DIA (Digital Item Adaptation) that adapts the multi-view video according to the MPEG-21 DIA multimedia framework. Experimental results show that our proposed system can support a frame rate of 13 fps for 320{\times}240 video and reduce the time of generating an intermediate view by 20 % compared with a conventional 3D projection method.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.56-67
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• 2021

Due to the difficulty of grading visualized fingerprints with previously known evaluation methods for the comparison of split fingerprints, a preliminary study was performed with the densitometric image analysis (DIA) method as a potential quantitative and supplementary evaluation method. Each image of inked split fingerprints was divided into 4 zones for analysis. Weekly intra- and inter- analysis by two analysts with three whole fingerprints that were constructed by combining inked split fingerprints showed that the average area values and the ranges of difference fluctuation were not significantly different between strong fingerprints and strong-weak pairs, while they were different in weak fingerprints and weak-weak pairs. In the case of weak fingerprints, the exact acquisition of ridges was difficult and this seemed to influence the results. An additional study is needed for the improved reliability using DIA method with weak fingerprints such as 8 zones division rather than 4 zones. In addition, the analysis results performed by several analysts at different times should be used to improve the reliability of the analysis method further. Based on the above result, it can be judged that utilizing the DIA method as a secondary evaluation method of the existing scoring system would be effective with the additional studies especially on weak fingerprints.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.390-398
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the apical fitness of non-standardized gutta-percha cones in root canals prepared with rotary Ni-Ti root canal instruments of various tapers and apical tip sizes. Simulated sixty curved root canals of plastic blocks were prepared with crown-down technique using rotary root canal instruments of Maillefer ProFile$^{(R)}$ .04 and .06 taper (Maillefer Instrument SA, Switzerland). Specimens were divided into six groups and prepared as follows: Group 1, prepared up to size 25 of .04 taper ; Group 2, prepared up to size 30 of .04 taper ; Group 3, prepared up to size 35 of .04 taper ; Group 4, prepared up to size 25 of .06 taper ; Group 5, prepared up to size 30 of .06 taper ; Group 6 ; prepared up to size 35 of .06 taper. After cutting off the coronal portion of plastic, blocks perpendicular to the long axis of the canal with the use of a diamond saw, apical 5mm of canal space was analyzed. Prepared apical canal spaces were duplicated using rubber base impression material to evaluate two dimensional total area of apical canal space. Various sized gutta-percha cones were applied in the 5mm-apical canal space, which were size 25, size 30 and size 35 standardized gutta-percha cone, Diadent Dia-Pro ISO-.04$^{TM}$ and .06$^{TM}$(Diadent, Korea), and medium-fine (MF), fine (F), fine-medium (FM) and medium (M) sized non-standardized gutta-percha cones (Diadent, Korea). Coronal excess gutta-percha were cut off with a sharp blade. Photographs of impressed apical canal spaces and gutta-percha cones were taken with a CCD camera under a stereomicroscope and stored in a computer. Areas of the total canal space and gutta-percha cones were calculated using a digitalized image analysing program, CompuScope (Sungjin Multimedia Co., Korea). Ratio of apical fitness was obtained by calculating the area of gutta-percha cone to the total area of the canal space. The data were analysed statistically using One-way Analysis of Variance and Duncan's Multiple Range Test. The results were as follows: 1. In canals prepared up to size 25 ProFile$^{(R)}$ of .04 taper, non-standardized MF and F cones occupied significantly more canal space than Dia-Pro ISO-.04$^{TM}$ or size 25 standardized ones (p<0.05). 2. In canals prepared up to size 30 ProFile$^{(R)}$ of .04 taper, non-standardized F cones occupied significantly more canal space than Dia-Pro ISO-.04$^{TM}$ or size 30 standardized ones (p<0.05), and non-standardized MF cones occupied more canal space than size 30 standardized ones (p<0.05). 3. In canals prepared up to size 35 ProFile$^{(R)}$ of .04 taper, there was no significant difference in canal space occupation among non-standardized MF and F, size 35 standardized, and Dia-Pro ISO-.04$^{TM}$ cones (p>0.05). 4. In canals prepared up to size 25 ProFile$^{(R)}$ of .06 taper, non-standardized MF and F cones occupied significantly more canal space than Dia-Pro ISO-.06$^{TM}$, or size 25 standardized ones (p<0.05), and Dia-Pro ISO-.06$^{TM}$, cones occupied significantly more space than size 25 standardized ones (p<0.05). 5. In canals prepared up to size 30 ProFile$^{(R)}$ of .06 taper, non-standardized FM cones occupied significantly more canal space than Dia-Pro ISO-.06$^{TM}$ or size 30 standardized ones (p<0.05), and non-standardized F cones occupied significantly more canal space than size 30 standardized ones (p<0.05). 6. In canals prepared up to size 35 ProFile$^{(R)}$ of .06 taper, non-standardized M and FM, Dia-Pro ISO-.06$^{TM}$ occupied significantly more canal space than size 35 standardized ones (p<0.05). In summary, in both canals prepared with .04 or .06 taper ProFile$^{(R)}$, non-standardized cones showed better fitness than Dia-Pro ISO$^{TM}$ or standardized ones, which was more characteristic in smaller canals.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.555-563
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• 1985

Two-dimensional turbulent wake flow behind a circular cylinder is investigated experimentally by suing linearized constant temperature hot wire anemometer. Turbulent fluctuations and mean velocity defects are measured in the rage of 5 dia.- 500 dia. downstream from the cylinder and for the Reynolds numbers of 2000-4000. Results with statistical treatment and digital data processing techniques are as follows: (1) The transition region from near wake to far wake is 30 dia. - 50 dia. downstream from the cylinder. (2) In the near wake, it is found that strong periodic ( f=845Hz) coherent structure exists. (3) It shows that the inertial subrange is 180Hz-2000Hz in self preservation region.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.137-143
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• 2016

PURPOSE. Grinding with less stress on 3Y-TZP through proper selection of methods and instruments can lead to a long-term success of prosthesis. The purpose of this study was to compare the phase transformation and physical properties after zirconia surface grinding with 3 different grinding burs. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Forty disc-shaped zirconia specimens were fabricated. Each Ten specimens were ground with AllCeramic SuperMax (NTI, Kahla, Germany), Dura-Green DIA (Shofu Inc., Kyoto, Japan), and Dura-Green (Shofu Inc., Kyoto, Japan). Ten specimens were not ground and used as a control group. After the specimen grinding, XRD analysis, surface roughness test, FE-SEM imaging, and biaxial flexural strength test were performed. RESULTS. After surface grinding, small amount of monoclinic phase in all experimental groups was observed. The phase change was higher in specimens, which were ground with Dura-Green DIA and AllCeramic SuperMax burs. The roughness of surfaces increased in specimens, which were ground with Dura-Green DIA and AllCeramic SuperMax burs than control groups and ground with Dura-Green. All experimental groups showed lower flexural strength than control group, but there was no statistically significant difference between control group and ground with Dura-Green DIA and AllCeramic SuperMax burs. The specimens, which were ground with Dura-Green showed the lowest strength. CONCLUSION. The use of dedicated zirconia-specific grinding burs such as Dura-Green DIA and AllCeramic SuperMax burs decreases the grinding time and did not significantly affect the flexural strength of zirconia, and therefore, they may be recommended. However, a fine polishing process should be accompanied to reduce the surface roughness after grinding.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2003.07d
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• pp.1403-1406
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• 2003

This paper presents a user preference description for graphics contents that is developed in the process of the MPEG-21 DIA(Digital Item Adaptation) standard. The description scheme in this paper is proposed by the authors and adopted in the current AM (Adaptation Model) document of the MPEG-21 DIA. The goal of MPEG-21 standard is providing a multimedia framework that Provides augmented and transparent use of digital contents across various networks and terminals fur the life cycle of digital contents. DI (Digital Item) is a standardized basic unit of digital contents for transaction in the scope of MPEG-21. DIA contains both media resources and metadata including rights information.