• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.345-352
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• 2014

Background: Epidural administration of dexamethasone has been suggested for pain control after minor orthopedic surgery. This study was conducted to assess its efficacy after such surgery, combined or not to IV dipyrone, IV parecoxibe or their combination. Methods: 91 patients were randomly assigned to seven groups. Patients were submitted to spinal bupivacaine anesthesia combined to epidural administration of either 10 ml saline or 10 mg dexamethasone diluted to 10-ml volume. Patients also received 10 ml IV saline or 1 gr dipyrone and/or 40 mg parecoxibe diluted to 10 ml with saline. Control group (CG) received epidural and IV saline. Dexamethasone group (DexG) received epidural dexamethasone and IV saline. Dipyrone group (DipG) received epidural saline and IV dipyrone. Dex-Dip G received epidural dexamethasone and IV dipyrone. Parecoxibe group (ParG) received epidural saline and IV parecoxibe. Dex-ParG received epidural dexamethasone and IV parecoxibe. Finally, Dex-Dip-ParG received epidural dexamethasone and IV dipyrone plus IV parecoxibe. Results: The CG expressed 4h of analgesia and sooner requested pain killer. DexG was similar to DipG or ParG or Dex-ParG (7-hours), and they requested less ketoprofen compared to the CG (P < 0.05). However, the Dex-DipG and the Dex-Dip-ParG resulted in longer time to demand pain killer (17-hours) and less ketoprofen consumption in 24-hours (P < 0.002). Adverse effects were similar among groups. Conclusions: The analgesia secondary to epidural dexamethasone was enhanced by IV dipyrone, while no effects were observed by the addition of IV parecoxibe.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.231-237
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• 1992

The effects to the corticosteroid dexamethasone(DEX) and(or) estradiol-benzoate(E-B) treated to induction of parturition and birth weights of the young was conducted in 48 pregnant Korean native goats. The animals were divided into 4 goats per each treatment by the time(142, 145 and 148 day of pregnancy) and dosage(DEX 15, 20mg, DEX 8mg＋E-B 10mg and DEX 13mg＋E-B 7.5mg per goat). The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1 The time for induction of parturtion after DEX(15, 20mg) treatment on day 148 of pregnancy was significantly(P<0.01) shorter than 142 and 145 days. There was no significant difference each dosage of DEX on same day of pregnancy. 2. The addition of E-B to DEX treatment compared with DEX alone group at day 142 and 145 of pregnancy were significantly(P<0.01) shorter the time for induction of parturition. However, treatment with DEX along or with E-B on 148 day of pregnancy did not affect the time to induction(about 27 hrs) of parturition between each treatment. 3. The birth weight of kids after parturition was heaviest(P<0.01) on day 148 of pregnancy. However, development and vigor of kids were not significant different between DEX alone treatment and with E-B.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.328-332
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• 2014

Dexamethasone (Dex) was shown to inhibit the differentiation, maturation, and antigen-presenting function of dendritic cells (DC) when added during DC generation or maturation stages. Here, we examined the direct effects of Dex on MHC-restricted antigen processing. Macrophages were incubated with microencapsulated ovalbumin (OVA) in the presence of different concentrations of Dex for 2 h, and the efficacy of OVA peptide presentation was evaluated using OVA-specific CD8 and CD4 T cells. Dex inhibited both class I- and class II-restricted presentation of OVA to T cells; this inhibitory effect on antigen presentation was much more potent in immature macrophages than in mature macrophages. The presentation of the exogenously added OVA peptide SIINFEKL was not blocked by Dex. In addition, short-term treatment of macrophages with Dex had no discernible effects on the phagocytic activity, total expression levels of MHC molecules or co-stimulatory molecules. These results demonstrate that Dex inhibits intracellular processing events of phagocytosed antigens in macrophages.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.355-361
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• 2006

Intraarticular corticosteroid injections for therapy of rheumatic arthritis are administered with the aim of optimal local anti-inflammatory effect at the injection site. Since the side effects of corticosteroidal drug, dexamethasone(DEX), administered at hish dose limited the therapeutic efficacy, there was a need to design a new drug delivery system for controlled release of dexamethasone. As a prodrug for continuous therapeutic efficacy, dexamethasone-21-palmitate(DEX-PAL) was prepared via esterification of palmitoyl chloride and dexamethasone. DEX-PAL was identified by NMR and MASS analysis. DEX-PAL or DEX was entrapped in lipid nanosphere which could be prepared by using a self emulsification-solvent evaporation method. Physicochemical characteristics such as mean particle diameter, zeta potential and drug loading efficiency of the lipid nanospheres were investigated with variation of either the kind of lipid or the lipid composition. The lipid nanospheres had a mean diameter $83{\sim}95$ nm and DEX-PAL loading efficiency of up to 95%. The drug loading efficiency increased with the increase of aliphatic chain length attached to the phospholipid. The incorporation of cationic lipid was very efficient for both reducing particle size of lipid nanospheres and enhancing drug loading efficiency. The lipid nanospheres containing DEX-PAL may be a promising novel drug carrier for the controlled release of the poorly water-soluble drugs.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.27-39
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• 2000

To evaluate the effects of Dexamethasone(Dex), Platelet derived growth factor-BB(PDGF) and combination of Dex and PDGF(DP) on the growth and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells, Dex($10^{-7}\;M$) and PDGF(10 ng/ml) in experimental group were added to the cells at the days 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and examined for cell proliferation activities, DNA synthesis activities, ALP activities and bone nodule formation. The results were as follows : 1. In Dex group, cell proliferation, DNA synthesis and ALP activities were lower until 15 days when compared to the control group. Bone nodules formation were shown at 10 days. 2. In PDGF group, cell proliferation and DNA synthesis activities were higher until 15 days and ALP activities were lower when compared to the control and Dex groups. Bone nodules formation were shown at 20 days. 3. In DP group, cell proliferation and DNA synthesis activities of PDGF were suppressed by Dex and synergistic effects of combination of Dex and PDGF on ALP activities were shown at days 5 when compared to control and Dex groups. Bone nodules formation activities of Dex were suppressed by PDGF.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.43-47
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• 2014

To understand the effect of prenatal stress on sex-specific changes in embryonic and placental growth, a synthetic glucocorticoid (dexamethasone) was administered intraperitoneally at a dosage of 1 mg/kg body weight (BW) (Dex1) or 10 mg/kg BW (Dex10) to pregnant ICR mice at the gestational days 7.5, 8.5 and 9.5 post coitum (p.c.). Embryos and placentas were then harvested at days 11.5 and 18.5 p.c., and their body weight and size were measured following the determination of sex through PCR using Sry specific primers in tail tissues. As a result, female embryos presented reduced fetal body weight and size in Dex1- and Dex10-treated groups than those of control group at the embryonic day 11.5 p.c. Interestingly, the growth seems to be recovered at day 18.5 as there was no difference in growth between control and dexamethasone treated groups. In the case of males, Dex1 induced a decrease in fetal weight in day 11.5 and this pattern was maintained until day 18.5, whereas their growth was not affected by Dex10 treatment. Placental growth showed similar patterns to fetal growth in both sexes but the extent of reduction was not statistically significant in most cases. Placental weights in Dex1- and Dex10-treated group were decreased significantly in male only. The results imply that the effect of prenatal stress is largely sex dependent due to different strategies for growth and survival in a stressful environment.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.36.1-36.12
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• 2022

Dexamethasone (DEX) was the first drug shown to save lives of critically ill coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients suffering from respiratory distress. A hyperactivated state of neutrophils was found in COVID-19 patients compared to non-COVID pneumonia cases. Given the beneficial effects of DEX in COVID-19 patients, we investigated the effects of DEX and of other immunomodulatory drugs vitamin D3 (VD3) and retinoic acid (RA) on neutrophil function. DEX, but not VD3 or RA, significantly inhibited all tested aspects of neutrophil function, e.g., degranulation, intracellular ROS production, CXCL8 release and NETosis. Interestingly, RA displayed the opposite effect by significantly increasing both CXCL8 and NET release by neutrophils. Taken together, these data suggest that the lower COVID-19 mortality in DEX-treated patients may in part be due to the dampening effect of DEX on the inflammatory neutrophil response, which could prevent neutrophil plugs with NETS in the lungs and other inflamed organs of patients.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.272-278
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• 1997

Many investigators are trying to elucidate the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders on the basis of neuroendocrine responses to stimulation or perturbation. Dexamethasone(DEX) suppression has been the most widely utilized as the prototypical challenge test. Dexamethasone suppression test(DST) has proven to be valuable in diagnosing the depressive spectrum disorder. Reported specificity of diagnosis of depression is relatively high, but sensitivity is limited. Some researchers used the combination of dexamethasone and corticotropin releasing hormone(CRH) in order to improve the sensitivity. They reported that combined DEX/CRH test is more sensitive than DST alone. In this study the authors modified the DEX/CRH test, i.e., we administered the insulin instead of CRH. Total subjects were 28(7 normal controls, 10 manic patients, 11 schizophrenic patients). Subjects were taken DEX(1.5mg p.o.) at 11 p.m., insulin 16 hours later(0.1 unit/kg i.v.). Five blood samples for the determination of cortisol and ACTH were serially drawn at 15 minute interval. The results are as followings : 1) The cortisol and ACTH levels of manic subjects increased following insulin administration. Manic subjects showed higher levels of cortisol and ACTH than schizophrenic and normal control subjects. The cortisol and ACTH levels of schizophrenic and normal control subjects did not show gross changes. 2) The sensitivity of the test was lower than that of reported DEX/CRH test.

• Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.334-339
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• 2018

Objectives: Human rhinoviruses (HRVs) are the major cause of the common cold. Currently there is no registered, clinically effective, antiviral chemotherapeutic agent to treat diseases caused by HRVs. In this study, the antiviral activity of dexamethasone (DEX) against HRV1B was examined. Methods: The anti-HRV1B activity of DEX was assessed by sulforhodamine B assay in HeLa cells, and by RT-PCR in the lungs of HRV1B-infected mice. Histological evaluation of HRV1B-infected lungs was performed and a histological score was given. Anti-HRV1B activity of DEX via the glucocorticoid receptor (GCR)-dependent autophagy activation was assessed by blocking with chloroquine diphosphate salt or bafilomycin A1 treatment. Results: In HRV1B-infected HeLa cells, treatment with DEX in a dose-dependent manner, resulted in a cell viability of > 70% indicating that HRV1B viral replication was reduced by DEX treatment. HRV1B infected mice treated with DEX, had evidence of reduced inflammation and a moderate histological score. DEX treatment showed antiviral activity against HRV1B via GCR-dependent autophagy activation. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that DEX treatment showed anti-HRV1B activity via GCR-dependent autophagy activation in HeLa cells and HRV1B infected mice. Further investigation assessing the development of topical formulations may enable the development of improved DEX effectiveness.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2016

Several studies have investigated the various effects of dexamethasone (Dex) on the proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Previously, we reported that co-treatment with L-ascorbic acid 2-phosphate and fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2 maintained differentiation potential in MSCs through expression of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). In this study, we investigated the effects of co-treatment with FGF-2 and Dex on the proliferation and differentiation potential of MSCs during a 2-month culture period. Co-treatment with FGF-2 and Dex increased approximately a 4.7-fold higher accumulation rate of MSC numbers than that by FGF-2 single treatment during a 2-month culture period. Interestingly, co-treatment with FGF-2 and Dex increased expression of HGF and maintained adipogenic differentiation potential during this culture period. These results suggest that co-treatment with FGF-2 and Dex preserves the proliferation and differentiation potential during long-term culture.