• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.151-165
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the information literacy of preschoolers and their developmental trends. The subjects in this study were 122 preschoolers. After taking tests in information literacy and early childhood development, the collected data was analyzed. The findings of the study were as follows : First, there were gaps among the preschoolers in the level of early childhood development according to the relative levels of their information literacy. When a post-hoc analysis was carried out to investigate intergroup differences in detail, there were statistically significant gaps between the preschoolers with excellent information literacy and those with intermediate-or poor information literacy, and between the preschoolers with intermediate information literacy and those with poor information literacy. Second, the differences in terms of the levels of information literacy and the impact these differences made to their body, cognition, language, sociability and emotions which comprise the five subfactors of the early childhood development inventory were checked after the mutual influence of the five subfactors was controlled. As a result, statistically significant gaps were apparent in all the subfactors of early childhood development according to relative levels of information literacy. The preschoolers who had a better level of information literacy exhibited a statistically significantly better level of development in every subfactor.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.173-179
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• 1991

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the in vitro developmental promoting effect of human amniotic fluid (AF) on pronucleate 1-cell mouse embryos. The AF was obtained from five patients undergoing amniocentesis for the routine diagnosis of fetal abnormality. The supernatant was filtered ($0.22{\mu}m$) after centrifugation and stored at $-20^{\circ}C$. One-cell embryos were cultured in four study groups (10% AF, 0.4% BSA, 10% AF+0.4% BSA & no-supplement in Ham's F10) for 6 days (EXP. 1). Significantly more embryos hatched in 10% AF (P<0.0l), although no difference was found among other three groups. The embryos were also cultured in varous concentration of AF (0, 10, 50 & 100%) for 7 days (EXP. 2). The rate of hatched blastocysts was significantly higher in 10%- and 50% group than in 0% and 100%- one at day 6 (P<0.05) and day 7 (P<0.005), although no difference was found between 10% and 50%- group.

• Asia Pacific Journal of Corpus Research
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.1-39
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• 2023

Recent research in usage-based Second Language Acquisition has provided new insights into second language (L2) learners' development of formulaic language (Wulff, 2019). The current study examines the use of phrase-frames, which are recurring sequences of words including one or more variable slots (e.g., it is * that), in written and oral production data from Asian learners of English across four proficiency levels (beginner, low-intermediate, high-intermediate, advanced) and native English speakers. The variability, predictability, and discourse functions of the most frequent 4-word phrase-frames from the written essay and spoken dialogue sub-corpora of the International Corpus Network of Asian Learners of English (ICNALE) were analyzed and then compared across groups and modes. The results revealed that while learners' phrase-frames in writing became more variable and unpredictable as proficiency increased, no clear developmental patterns were found in speaking, although all groups used more fixed and predictable phrase-frames than the reference group. Further, no developmental trajectories in the functions of the most frequent phrase-frames were found in both modes. Additionally, lower-level learners and the reference group used more variable phrase-frames in speaking, whereas advanced-level learners showed more variability in writing. This study contributes to a better understanding of the development of L2 phraseological competence.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.1385-1398
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• 2019

This study was a survey study to provide the base data necessary to prepare efficient management plans for the mothers with disabled children by type, comparing degrees of disability acceptance, stress, coping method and wellness between mothers with physical functional disordered children and developmental disordered children. The study subjects were a mother who raises disordered children. Data collection was conducted from October 2018 to April 2019, and differences between the two groups were analyzed as t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation. In results, Studies have shown that there are differences between the two groups as mothers with physical functional disordered children and mothers with developmental disordered children as degrees of disability acceptance, stress, treatment and wellness. Disability acceptance and coping method of mothers with physical functional disordered children (r=0.23, p=.033), disability acceptance and Wellness (r=0.51, p<.001) have shown positive correlations and disability acceptance and stress (r=-0.72, p<.001) have shown negative correlations. Disability acceptance and wellness (r=0.40, p<.001) of the mother with a developmental disordered child have shown a significant positive correlation, and disability acceptance and stress (r=-0.71, p<.001) have shown a significant negative correlations. The higher the degree of disability acceptance, the lower the stress level and the higher the coping method and wellness mothers with physical functional disordered children had. The higher disability acceptance, the lower stress degrees and the higher wellness degrees mothers with developmental disordered children had. In order to improve disability acceptance by mothers with physical functional disordered children, it was necessary to improve both coping methods and wellness with stress reducing strategy, while the mother with developmental disordered children were needed strategies to reduce stress and improve wellness.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.23-35
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• 2009

Objective : The purpose of this study is to understand whether group Sensory Integration(SI) therapy has the effect on improvement of motor skill and social function for children with developmental disorder. Method : The subjects were recruited among children received sensory integration therapy at a Children's Development Institute in Dae-Jeon, experimental group is total 5 participating in group sensory integration therapy and control group is also 5 participating in individual sensory integration therapy. The program was constructed for 90 minutes and all children either in the experimental or in the control group went through intervention for 20 weeks. Bruininks-Oseretsky test of Motor Proficiency II, Korean-Scales of Independent Behavior-Revised and Social Maturity Scale were used in order to evaluate the degree of improvement in motor skill and social function. Results : Most children in the experimental group showed improvement in overall aspects of motor skill and the social function comparing pre-intervention with post-intervention, but they did not show any statistically significant differences. However, comparing experimental group with control group, children in the experimental group showed improvement in motor skill and social function. Furthermore, there is statistically significant improvement especially in manual coordination, manual dexterity, and social age and social quotient in Behavior-Revised and Social Maturity Scale. Conclusions : It is found that a group Sensory Integration therapy program has effect on motor skill and social function for children with developmental disorder in this study. In the future study, group SI therapy should be applied for children with diverse diagnosis in order to generalize the effectiveness of therapy.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.67-88
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• 1999

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.77-87
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• 2016

Objective : The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of task-oriented approach based on upper limb coordinated movement on the ability of the Korean handwriting in children with developmental coordination disorder(DCD). Methods/Design : This randomized controlled trial designed as a pre-/post- test will compare the effectiveness of task-oriented approach and process-oriented approach on handwriting performance for children with DCD aged 5 to 10. These interventions consist of 10 training sessions and 4 assessment sessions over 7weeks. Children will be measured regard to handwriting legibility, speed and pre-handwriting skills including upper limb movement skills, visual perception and visual motor coordination. Conclusion : This is the first attempt to investigate effects of a task-oriented approach in children with DCD. The significance of this study is to provide the clinical evidences to apply the task-oriented approach improves the children's handwriting performance. Furthermore it will also present a more effective intervention for handwriting by figuring out each approach's impact on the improvement of pre-handwriting skills.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.61-72
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• 2010

Objective : This study tried to identify evaluation tools and intervention approaches that have been used regarding visual motor skills of children, in order to suggest the best evaluation method and intervention strategy. Methods : This study employed a systemic review. Papers researched for the review were selected from the PubMed which is a web engine to search academic articles. For search, time period of publication was limited from January 2001 to Jun 2010, and key words used were "visual motor and occupational therapy", "visuomotor and occupational therapy", and "perception and motor and occupational therapy". 13 papers among total 161 findings were selected for data analysis. Results : Through literature review, followings were founded. For population targeted in studies, children with developmental disorder are majority(20.00%) and those with handwriting problems are another major group(13.33%). DTVP(33.33%) and VMI(26.67%) are most common tools used to evaluate visual motor skills. Most frequently used intervention method is developmental skill based program(58.82) and the second common method is sensory integration therapy and sensory-based intervention(23.53%). Regarding the effectiveness of occupational therapy for visual motor skill, positive evidences with statistical power take 72.73%. Conclusion : The results imply that occupational therapy is effective for visual motor skill in children. It is suggested that further studies are needed to encompass effectiveness of occupational therapy in terms of children's occupational performance.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.147-158
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• 2014

Differentiated nuclei can experimentally be returned to an undifferentiated embryonic status after nuclear transfer (NT) to unfertilized metaphase II (MII) oocytes. Nuclear reprogramming is triggered immediately after somatic cell nucleus transfer (SCNT) into recipient cytoplasm and this period is regarded as a key stage for optimizing reprogramming. In a recent study (Dai et al., 2010), use of m-carboxycinnamic acid bishydroxamide (CBHA) as a histone deacetylase inhibitor during the in vitro early culture of murine cloned embryos modifies the acetylation status of somatic nuclei and increases the developmental competence of SCNT embryos. Thus, we examined the effects of CBHA treatment on the in vitro preimplantation development of porcine SCNT embryos and on the acetylated status of histone H3K9 on cloned embryos at the zygote stage. We performed the three groups SCNT: SCNT (NT), CBHA treatment at the porcine fetus fibroblast cells (PFFs) used as donor cells prior to SCNT (CBHA-C) and CBHA treatment at the porcine SCNT embryos during the in vitro early culture after oocyte activation (CBHA-Z). The PFFs were treated with a $15{\mu}M$ of CBHA (8 h) for the early culture and the porcine cloned embryos were treated with a $100{\mu}M$ concentration of CBHA during the in vitro early culture (10 h). Cleavage rates and development to the blastocyst stage were assessed. No significant difference was observed the cleavage rate among the groups (82.6%, 76.4% and 82.2%, respectively). However, the development competence to the blastocyst stage was significantly increased in CBHA-Z embryos (22.7%) as compared to SCNT and CBHA-C embryos (8.6% and 4.1%)(p<0.05). Total cell numbers and viable cell numbers at the blastocyst stage of porcine SCNT embryos were increased in CBHA-Z embryos as compared to those in CBHA-C embryos (p<0.05). Signal level of histone acetylation (H3K9ac) at the zygote stage of SCNT was increased in CBHA-Z embryos as compared to SCNT and CBHA-C embryos. The results of the present study suggested that treatment with CBHA during the in vitro early culture (10 h) had significantly increased the developmental competence and histone acetylation level at the zygote stage.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.312-320
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• 1994

The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship of logical thinking skills and integrated process skills, and to investigate the differences in general tendency of subskills by grade level and gender between Korean middle school students and Japanese one. The performance level of skills was measured using GALT and TIPS II. The results are compared with those of Japan (Mattheis et al., 1992). Summary of the results are as follow. 1. Percentages of formal and transitional stage of males are more than females in developmental level. It has been found out that the males attained significantly higher scores of logical thinking skills than the females in middle school stage. The significant differences in scores by gender show a good correlation with those for Japanese middle school students. Developmental level of Korean middle school students shows a remarkable improvement as they move up from 8th grade to 9 one. The significant differences in developmental level by grade also show a good correlation with those for Japanese middle school students. Total scores of GALT for Japanese middle school students are higher than Korean one, but it has been found nearly same scores for 9th grade in both countries. Scores of subskills of logical thinking skills, except correlational reasoning, for Korean students show lower than those for Japanese students. It could be noted that the combinatorial reasoning is considered to be easiest and the correlational reasoning to be most difficult in both countries. 2. It also has been found out similar pattern for integrated process skills in both countries because the males and females did not examplify significant differences, although males gain somewhat higher scores than females in Korea. Scores of subskills of integrated process skills for Japanese middle school students show higher them Korean one. It could be noted that the identifying variables is considered to be easiest and stating hypothesis to be most difficult in both countries. 3. There was a significant relationship (r= .65) between logical thinking skills and integrated process skills, and there were statistically significant differences of the integrated process skills for developmental level. In integrated process skills, the students who belong to the higher grade levels acquired better score than who belong to the lower grade level. It has been also found remarkable improvement between 8th and 9th grade, and there are significant differences for grade level in both countries.