• Molecules and Cells
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.107-113
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• 2020

The Runt-related transcription factors (RUNX) transcription factors have been known for their critical roles in numerous developmental processes and diseases such as autoimmune disorders and cancer. Especially, RUNX proteins are best known for their roles in hematopoiesis, particularly during the development of T cells. As scientists discover more types of new immune cells, the functional diversity of RUNX proteins also has been increased over time. Furthermore, recent research has revealed complicated transcriptional networks involving RUNX proteins by the current technical advances. Databases established by next generation sequencing data analysis has identified ever increasing numbers of potential targets for RUNX proteins and other transcription factors. Here, we summarize diverse functions of RUNX proteins mainly on lymphoid lineage cells by incorporating recent discoveries.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.117-126
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• 2022

Bromodomain-containing protein 7 (BRD7) participates in many cellular processes and embryo development. BRD7 is down-regulated in various cancers and evidence of its tumor suppressor function has been accumulating. Here, we identified transforming stimulated clone 22 (TSC-22) as a novel BRD7 interacting protein and show its novel function as a positive regulator of BRD7. We found that TSC-22 expression potentiated the inactivation of the extracellular signal-regulate kinase (ERK) pathway by BRD7. Our data establishes TSC-22 as a modulator of BRD7 and unravels the molecular mechanisms that drive the synergistic tumor-suppressing effects of TSC-22 and BRD7. Our findings may open new avenues for developing novel molecular therapies for tumors exhibiting down-regulated BRD7 and/or TSC-22.

• Medical Lasers
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2021

Intravital microscopy is a high-resolution imaging technique based on laser-scanning two-photon and confocal microscopy, which allows dynamic 3D cellular-level imaging of various biological processes in a living animal in vivo. This unique capability allows biomedical researchers to directly verify a hypothesis in a natural in vivo microenvironment at the cellular level in a physiological setting. During the last decade, intravital microscopy has become an indispensable technique in several fields of biomedical sciences such as molecular and cell biology, immunology, neuroscience, developmental, and tumor biology. The most distinct advantage of intravital microscopy is its capability to provide a longitudinal view of disease progression at the cellular-level with repeated intravital imaging of a single animal over time by saving the images after each session.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.53-64
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• 2022

Three-dimensional cultures of human neural tissue/organlike structures in vitro can be achieved by mimicking the developmental processes occurring in vivo. Rapid progress in the field of neural organoids has fueled the hope (and hype) for improved understanding of brain development and functions, modeling of neural diseases, discovery of new drugs, and supply of surrogate sources of transplantation. In this short review, we summarize the state-of-the-art applications of this fascinating tool in various research fields and discuss the reality of the technique hoping that the current limitations will soon be overcome by the efforts of ingenious researchers.

• Journal of Integrative Natural Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.69-74
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• 2023

In Dictyostelium , there are 15 Ras subfamilies, including 11 Ras, 3 Rap, 1 Rheb. The Ras proteins are involved in regulating various cell processes as switch proteins. The functions of many Ras proteins have been identified, but some of Ras proteins have not yet been identified. Here, we focused on identifying the roles of RasW among them. To investigate the functions of RasW in cell morphology, cell migration, and development in Dictyostelium , we compared the phenotypes of wild-type cells and rasW null cells. rasW null cells showed a larger, more spread-out morphology and reduced cell motility compared to wild-type cells. There was no significant difference between wild-type cells and rasW null cells during multicellular developmental process. These results suggest that RasW is involved in regulating cell morphology and cell migration in Dictyostelium.

• Educational Technology International
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.1-30
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• 2015

The purpose of this research is to propose a novel social LMS developed for group collaborative learning with a think-aloud tool integrated for sharing cognitive processes in order to improve group collaborative learning performance. In this developmental research, the system was designed with three critical elements: the think-aloud element supports learners through shared cognition, the social network element improves the quality of collaborative learning by forming a structured social environment, and the learning management element provides a understructure for collaborative learning for student groups. Moreover, the three critical elements were combined in an educational context and applied in three directions.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.286-292
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• 2023

This article is set against the backdrop of the rapid development of the metaverse and artificial intelligence technologies, and aims to explore the possibility and potential impact of integrating AI technology into the traditional 3D animation production process. Through an in-depth analysis of the differences when merging traditional production processes with AI technology, it aims to summarize a new innovative workflow for 3D animation production. This new process takes full advantage of the efficiency and intelligent features of AI technology, significantly improving the efficiency of animation production and enhancing the overall quality of the animations. Furthermore, the paper delves into the creative methods and developmental implications of artificial intelligence technology in real-time rendering engines for 3D animation. It highlights the importance of these technologies in driving innovation and optimizing workflows in the field of animation production, showcasing how they provide new perspectives and possibilities for the future development of the animation industry.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.360-373
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• 2024

Polychlorinated hydrocarbons are continuously released into the environment from various industrial processes. Trichloroethylene (TCE) and tetrachloroethylene (perchloroethylene, PCE) are of primary concern because of their large-scale production, wide industrial application, poor biodegradability, and tendency to circulate in the air and water. The common routes of human exposure to these compounds include inhalation, ingestion, and dermal adsorption. Additionally, they have been detected in various plant foods. Prolonged exposure to these contaminants is associated with certain risks. They are carcinogenic and have other toxic effects, including gastrointestinal, developmental, neurological, and hematological toxicity. To analyze these contaminants, they are generally extracted from various matrices, followed by instrumental analysis. Gas chromatography, often in combination with different detectors, is the most widely used analytical method. This review covers the toxicity, analytical methods, occurrence in foods, and risk assessment of these contaminants.

• International Journal of Stem Cells
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.15-29
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• 2024

The development and differentiation of endothelial cells (ECs) are fundamental processes with significant implications for both health and disease. ECs, which are found in all organs and blood vessels, play a crucial role in facilitating nutrient and waste exchange and maintaining proper vessel function. Understanding the intricate signaling pathways involved in EC development holds great promise for enhancing vascularization, tissue engineering, and vascular regeneration. Hematopoietic stem cells originating from hemogenic ECs, give rise to diverse immune cell populations, and the interaction between ECs and immune cells is vital for maintaining vascular integrity and regulating immune responses. Dysregulation of vascular development pathways can lead to various diseases, including cancer, where tumor-specific ECs promote tumor growth through angiogenesis. Recent advancements in single-cell genomics and in vivo genetic labeling have shed light on EC development, plasticity, and heterogeneity, uncovering tissue-specific gene expression and crucial signaling pathways. This review explores the potential of ECs in various applications, presenting novel opportunities for advancing vascular medicine and treatment strategies.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.75-81
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• 2009

The Arabidopsis gene AtLEC (At3g15356) gene encodes a putative 30-kDa protein with a legume lectin-like domain. Likely to classic legume lectin family of genes, AtLEC is expressed in rosette leaves, primary inflorescences, and roots, as observed in Northern blot analysis. The accumulation of AtLEC transcript is induced very rapidly, within 30 min, by chitin, a fungal wall-derived oligosaccharide elictor of the plant defense response. Transgenic Arabidopsis carrying an AtLEC promoter-driven ${\beta}$-glucuronidase (GUS) construct exhibited GUS activity in the leaf veins, secondary inflorescences, carpel heads, and silique receptacles, in which no expression could be seen in Northern blot analysis. This observation suggests that AtLEC expression is induced transiently and locally during developmental processes in the absence of an external signal such as chitin. In addition, mechanically wounded sites showed strong GUS activity, indicating that the AtLEC promoter responds to jasmonate. Indeed, methyl jasmonate and ethylene exposure induced AtLEC expression within 3-6 h. Thus, the gene appears to play a role in the jasmonate-/ethylene-responsive, in addition to the chitin-elicited, defense responses. However, chitin-induced AtLEC expression was also observed in jasmonate-insensitive (coi1) and ethylene-insensitive (etr1-1) Arabidopsis mutants. Thus, it appears that chitin promotes AtLEC expression via a jasmonate- and/or ethylene-independent pathway.