• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Developmental Biology Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.106-106
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• 2003

Human papillomavirus type 16(HPV16) has been known to the major factor for the development of uterine cervical carcinomas. We have extended these studies to investigate the in vivo activities of HPV-16 E6/E7 when expressed in squamous epithelia of transgenic mice. Grossly, hK14HPV16E6/E7 transgenic mice had multiple phenotypes, including wrinkled skin that was apparent prior to the appearance of hair on neonates, thickened ears, and loss of hair in adults. In the transgenic mice, the wrinkled skin phenotype on the body and legs died at the age of 3-4 weeks. Histological analysis of demonstrated that E6/E7 causes epidermal hyperplasia in multiple transgenic lineages with high penetrance. This epithelial hyperplasia was characterized by an expansion of the proliferating compartment and an expansion of the keratinocyte and was associated with hyperkeratosis. These transgenic mice expressed E6/E7 transgene mainly in skin, heart, pancreas and kidney. Hyperplasia was found at the skin. The enzyme activities of GR, GPx and CuZnSOD were measured from the transgene cause keratinocyte at the skin. The specific enzyme activities were significantly higher in transgenic mice skin compared to the normal mice skin. Thus these transgenic mice may be useful for the develpment of antioxidant enzymes or other therapies for HPV-associated hyperkeratosis.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.126-135
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• 2011

Various herbal medicinal extracts were examined for the development of cosmetic products with anti-oxidative and anti-wrinkle activity. First, total polyphenol contents and DPPH radical scavenging activities of herbal medicinal extracts were measured. Most herbal samples, except for DW extracts of Portulaca oleracea, Caesalpinia sappan, Taraxacum platycarpum, Carthamus tinctorius, and 70% EtOH extracts of Taraxacum platycarpum and Carthamus tinctorius, showed DPPH radical scavenging activity over 80% at a concentration of $400{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. SOD-like antioxidant activity of DW extracts of Syzygium aromaticum, DW extracts of Eriobtrya japonica and 70% EtOH extracts of Sophora japonica was measured as 40%, 35% and 80%, respectively at a dry matter concentration of $50{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. In elastase inhibition assay, DW extracts of Lycium chinense ($50{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) and 70% EtOH extracts of Areca catechu ($50{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) showed 50% and 40% of inhibition, respectively. At a concentration of $1.250{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, DW extracts of Lycium chinense and 70% EtOH extracts of Areca catechu showed 10% and 30% of collagenase inhibition, respectively. Skin and lotion samples were prepared using the two herbal extracts of high anti-wrinkle activity: Lycium chinense extract and Areca catechu extract. The storage stability of skin and lotion containing each of the selected herbal extracts was evaluated. pH and viscosity were used as stability indicators for the stability test under different storage temperatures and freeze-thaw cycle conditions. The skin and lotion containing each of DW extract of Lycium chinense and 70% EtOH extract of Areca catechu was showed high pH and viscosity stability. The skin and lotion containing DW extracts of Lycium chinense showed relatively higher stability than the skin and lotion containing 70% EtOH extract of Areca catechu, at cycle chamber and freeze-thaw conditions. In summary, these results indicated that cosmetics containing DW extract of Lycium chinense were relatively stable, and this herbal extract could be used as a stable functional cosmetic material.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.334-351
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• 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to investigate the improvement effect of white ginseng extract (GS-KG9) on D-galactosamine (Ga1N)-induced oxidative stress and liver injury. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Sixty Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 6 groups. Rats were orally administrated with GS-KG9 (300, 500, or 700 mg/kg) or silymarin (25 mg/kg) for 2 weeks. The rats of the GS-KG9- and silymarin-treated groups and a control group were then intraperitoneally injected Ga1N at a concentration of 650 mg/kg for 4 days. To investigate the protective effect of GS-KG9 against GalN-induced liver injury, blood liver function indicators, anti-oxidative stress indicators, and histopathological features were analyzed. RESULTS: Serum biochemical analysis indicated that GS-KG9 ameliorated the elevation of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in GalN-treated rats. The hepatoprotective effects of GS-KG9 involved enhancing components of the hepatic antioxidant defense system, including glutathione, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT). In addition, GS-KG9 treatment inhibited reactive oxygen species (ROS) production induced by GalN treatment in hepatocytes and significantly increased the expression levels of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) proteins, which are antioxidant proteins. In particular, by histological analyses bases on hematoxylin and eosin, Masson's trichrome, α-smooth muscle actin, and transforming growth factor-β1 staining, we determined that the administration of 500 mg/kg GS-KG9 inhibited hepatic inflammation and fibrosis due to the excessive accumulation of collagen. CONCLUSIONS: These findings demonstrate that GS-KG9 improves GalN-induced liver inflammation, necrosis, and fibrosis by attenuating oxidative stress. Therefore, GS-KG9 may be considered a useful candidate in the development of a natural preventive agent against liver injury.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.27-32
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• 2011

For the development of functional food and cosmetics using hot water extract of Muraenesox cinereus's skin, contents of vitamin, amino acid and element, and antioxidant activity were investigated. The results are shown as follows: among vitamins, A(0.21mg/100 g), C (78.12mg/100 g), $D_3$ (0.03 mg/100 g), E (1.97 mg/100 g) and Niacin (2.53mg/100 g) were detected, respectively.Mineral contents were an order of K > P > Na > Mg > Ca > Fe and Zn. Contents of total amino acids were an order of Pro > Gly > Arg > Glu > Phe > Ala. Especially, the sum of total amino acids was 27.17 mg/100 mL, which was about 4.0 fold higher than that of free amino acid. DPPH radical scavenging activity of hot water extract of M. cinereus's skin at 25 mg/mL was 63.5% and did not increase at above 50 mg/mL. Activities of antioxidant enzymes in the liver of ethanol-treated rats using hot water extract of M. cinereus's skin were investigated. Compared to control group, activities of ADH and GSH-px were decreased. In the case of CAT and SOD activity, they were increased. These results showed that the hot water extract of M. cinereus's skin can be applied to raw macterial for functional food and cosmetics.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.547-554
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• 2018

Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.), also called linseed and one of the raw materials for making linen, is rich in omega-3 fatty acids, vegetable estrogen, ${\alpha}$-linolenic acid, and dietary fiber. Studies on flaxseed have reported various additional effects, such as the inhibition of cholesterol, blood clotting, and tumor growth. In this study, we investigated the functional components of flaxseed fermented with lactic-acid bacteria. Lactic-acid bacteria was inoculated into heat-treated (roasted) flaxseed and fermented at $37^{\circ}C$ for 72 hr. The fermented flaxseed was extracted with 70% ethanol and the antioxidant effect of the fermented extracts according to the lactic-acid bacteria was analyzed. It was confirmed that the total polyphenol contents had expanded by about 1.5-8 times, and the total flavonoid contents had increased around 1.2 times in the case of fermented flaxseed with lactic-acid bacteria compared to non-fermented flaxseed (NFFS). DPPH radical scavenging and superoxide dismutase-like activities had increased around 5.6 and 2.3 times, respectively, in the fermented flaxseed compared to the NFFS at 100 ppm concentration. The study concluded that fermentation of flaxseed with lactic-acid bacteria is possible and that it is effective to increase the antioxidant effects of flaxseed. These results can be applied to the development of improved foods and cosmetic materials.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.191-200
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• 1986

The study was conducted to screen paraquat-tolerant plant species among crops and weeds, using the response of plant like leaf disc discoloration, visual injury and dry weight in the presence of paraquat. Mechanism of paraquat-tolerance was investigated in strains of soybean through evaluating activities of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase and the multiplication of callus derived from soybean cotyledon. In crops, Kwanggyo has been selected as a paraquat-tolerant variety among soybean cultivars tested, and Hood as a susceptible one. In weeds, Polygonum aviculare, Chenopodium album and Pinellia ternata were evaluated as the paraquat resistant species, providing the possibility for the donor plant species for paraquat resistance. Activity of superoxide dismutase known to detoxify paraquat was markedly greater in Kwanggyo, a paraquat-tolerant cultivar than in Hood, a susceptible one. In addition, the similar response like superoxide dismutase was observed in peroxidese activity. The greater inhibition of callus multiplication was determined in Hood, a susceptible one than a tolerant one, Kwnggyo. Based on all the informations, it is strongly proposed that paraquat tolerance in soybean is due to destruction of $O_2^-$ by elevated concentration of superoxide dismutase in the tolerant cultivar.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.16-23
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• 2014

Red yeast rice (RYR) has been known to exhibit various biological effects, including anti-hyperlipidemia, antioxidant, anti-tumor, and anti-inflammtory activities. Oxidative stress is a main risk factor in the development of cardiovascular disease, such as atherosclerosis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the possible hypolipidemic and antioxidant effect of RYR on rats fed a high-cholesterol diet supplemented with either 0.2%, 1%, or 5% RYR for 4 weeks. We measured lipid profiles in the plasma and liver, antioxidant enzyme activities in plasma and erythrocyte, gene expression of antioxidant enzymes in the liver, and oxidative DNA damage in lymphocytes. The group supplemented with 0.2% RYR had total cholesterol level in plasma decreased by 24%, while the group supplemented with 5% RYR had high-density cholesterol increased by 20% compared to the control. The antioxidant enzyme activities were also affected by RYR supplementation. Total superoxide dismutase activities in plasma significantly decreased by 11% in the 1% RYR group, while these activities in the liver significantly decreased by 16% and 21% in the 1% and 5% supplemented group compared to the control, respectively. Glutathione peroxidase activities in plasma and erythrocytes increased 13% and 48% in the 1% RYR group, respectively. Catalase (CAT) activity in erythrocytes significantly increased by 49% and 68% in the 1% and 5% RYR group compared to the control, respectively. The gene expression of CAT was up-regulated 7.9 fold compared to the control in the 5% RYR supplemented group. These results suggest that RYR can control hyperlipidemia by improving the lipid profile and modulating oxidative stress.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.311-318
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• 2022

Salicylic acid (SA), a phenolic compound, plays a pivotal role in regulating a wide range of physiological and metabolic processes in plants such as antioxidant cellular defense, photosynthesis, and biotic and abiotic stress responses during the growth and development. We examined the effect of exogenous SA application (100 mg·L^-1) on the growth, yield, photosynthetic characteristics, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant enzyme activity of chili pepper plants under high temperature and drought stress conditions. SA treatment induced increases of net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs) and transpiration rate (Tr) under the stress condition with the highest level after the third treatment. The contents of malondialdehyde and H₂O₂ were significantly lower in the third treatment of SA compared to the control. The activity of ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase, increased in treated plants by up to 247, 318, 55 and 54%, respectively compared to the nontreated control. There was no significant difference in the growth characteristics between SA-treated and nontreated plants, while the SA treatment increased marketable yield (kg/10a) by about 15% compared to the nontreated control. Taken together, these results suggest that foliar application of SA alleviates physiological damages caused by the combination of drought and heat stress, and enhances the photosynthetic capacity and antioxidant enzyme activities, thereby improving tolerance to a combination of water deficit and heat stress in chili pepper plants.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.17-24
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• 2020

Objectives : The objective of this study was to evaluate the gastric protective effect of Curcuma Longae Rhizoma (CLR) in 150 mM HCl/60% ethanol induced gastric ulcer (GU) in mice. Methods : Forty ICR mice were divided into five groups (n=8/Group): Nor group; Normal, Veh group; GU control, SC group; GU + sucralfate 10 mg/kg, CL; GU + CLR 30% ethanol extract 100 mg/kg, CH group; GU + CLR 30% ethanol extract 200 mg/kg. Then, mice were orally administered with 150 mM HCl/60% ethanol and caused GU. After 1 hr, mice were sacrificed, and blood and stomach tissue were collected. Results : CLR showed significance scavenging effects in 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azinobis-3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activities (DPPH IC₅₀; 78.18 ± 0.60 ㎍/㎖, ABTS IC₅₀; 55.91 ± 1.86 ㎍/㎖). CLR significance reduce inflammatory-related factors such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) via nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) inactivation. In addition, the activation of nuclear factor erythroid2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) significantly led to up-regulation of anti-oxidant enzymes including factors heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), super oxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase-1/2 (GPx-1/2). Conclusions : Our discovery provides that CLR possesses anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Hence, CLR may ameliorate the development of gastric ulcer though the inhibition of NF-κB inflammatory pathway and the elevation of Nrf2 anti-oxidant pathway.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.31-39
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• 2021

We aimed to investigate the age-dependent development of digestive organs, intestinal enzymes, and hepatic antioxidant defense system in White Leghorn chicks aged 0, 3, 7, 14, and 21 days. Body weight (BW) did not significantly change between days 0 and 7 but significantly increased (P<0.05) after day 7. The relative liver weight (g/100 g of BW) was significantly lower at day 0 than at the other ages but markedly increased at days 3 and 7 (P<0.05). The relative pancreatic weight changed similar to the change in liver weight, with the maximum development at 7 days (P<0.05). The relative intestinal and mucosal tissue weights increased rapidly after hatching (P<0.05), with the maximum growth at 7 days. Furthermore, maltase and sucrase activities were significantly higher at day 3 than at day 0 (P<0.05). Leucine aminopeptidase activity was high at day 0 and remained constant as age increased. Superoxide dismutase and glutathione S-transferase activities in the liver were the lowest at day 0 but significantly increased after 7 days (P<0.05). Glutathione peroxidase activity increased significantly after day 14 compared with that at days 0 and 7 (P<0.05). Lipid peroxidation was not affected by age. In conclusion, the digestive organ weights and hydrolase activity of chicks increased rapidly during the first 3 or 7 days post-hatching. Hepatic antioxidant enzyme activity increased simultaneously with the increase in digestive organ weights, after 7 days.