• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.5 s.85
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• pp.606-612
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• 2007

Fibrin clots remained in blood vessels can be one of the serious factor caused cardiovascular disease, such as ischemia, infarction and necrosis The development of an antithrombotic and thrombolysis solvent is necessary to prevent and treat these diseases. In this study, the fibirinolytic protease was prepared from the maggots of Protaetia brevitarsis using ammonium sulfate fractionation and desalting column. The optimum pH and temperature for the enzyme activity were pH 9.0 and $50^{\circ}C$, respectively. The enzyme activity was relatively stable at pH 7.0-9.0 and temperature below $60^{\circ}C$. The activity of the enzyme was strongly inhibited by phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride. And the activity of the enzyme was inhibited by $Ca^{2+}\;and\;Zn^{2+}$, but it was not by $Mg^{2+}\;and\;Fe^{2+}$ ions. In these experimental results, we have speculated that the enzyme derived from maggots of Protaetia hrevitarsis is a serine protease with a strong fibrinolytic activity.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.26 no.7
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• pp.855-867
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• 2016

The horse is relatively earlier domesticated animal species. Domesticated horses have been selected for their ability of racing, robustness, and disease-resistance. As a result, the thoroughbred horse genome has been condensed many genotypes related to exercise ability. In recent years, with the advent of NGS technologies, many studies were concentrated on finding superior genetic species in the horse genome in terms of genomics. Consequently, GWAS (Genome-wide Association study) is applied to horse genome, then genetic marker is revealed for superior racing ability. In addition, RNA-Seq is utilized as a method for analyze of whole transcript profiling in specific samples. By using this approach, specific gene expression patterns and transcript sequences can be revealed in various samples such as each individual, before and after exercise state, and each tissue. DNA methylation, a strong factor that regulate gene expression without the change of DNA sequence, have got a lot of attention. In horse genome, exercise- or individual-specific DNA methylation patterns were detected, and could be useful to develop selective marker of superior horses. MicroRNAs inhibit gene expression, and transposable elements accounted for half of the mammalian genome. These two elements are the crucial factors in functional genomics, and could be applied to the selection of superior horses. As the functional genomics and epigenomics advance, then these technologies introduced in this paper were applied to select superior horses. In this paper, the studies for selection of superior horses through genetic technologies, and development possibilities of these studies were discussed.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.1622-1626
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• 2007

This study was conducted to identify useful single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and determine their association with economically important traits in pig population. Four candidate gene analyses have identified important chromosomal regions and major genes associcated whit economic traits of the pig. For application of the chromosomal information to the pig industry using DNA technology, SNP markers were developed by comparative re-sequencing of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products of 4 candidate genes (CSF2, IL4, MYOD, RIP140). PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) assays were developed for these 4 SNPs and used to genotype Berkshire pig populations in Korea.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.1-24
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• 2007

With the development of information technology (IT), various information systems (IS) such as Web-based systems and mobile systems have appeared utilizing different technologies. However, recent studies on IS use and user satisfaction rarely account for technological differences among IS and environmental characteristics where IS are intended to be used. The purpose of this research is to investigate the determinants of the use of Web-based ticketing systems for cultural activities and to empirically validate their relationships. Environmental psychology suggests that human beings respond to external stimuli from environments with their emotions, and their emotional states influence human actions, e.g., IS use in this research. Applying environmental psychology to the use of Web-based systems in the culture and entertainment industry, we propose that web site characteristics first influence a user's internal state of mind (i.e., flow) and then the flow state influences the IS use. Studies related to the state of flow collectively affirm the key role played by the flow construct in shaping individual attitudes and behaviors toward IS. Users' flow states are captured by their shopping enjoyment, perceived behavioral control, and the level of concentration on the IS use. Referring to social presence theory, we have included such web site characteristics as content quality, context of web site, and community quality. In our research model, a second order construct is utilized to represent web site quality, because flow theory suggests that holistic experiences with web-based systems (rather than individual characteristics of the web site) are important in explaining the IS use. Further, we have included trust as another important factor influencing the IS use since business transactions on the web encompass higher uncertainty comparing to offline transactions. In order to test our hypotheses, we have conducted an online survey which results in 1,141 valid responses in the final sample. The data were collected from respondents who have experiences in Internet ticketing systems. Although it was a convenient sample, the sample represents a wide variety of user demographics. Validity and reliability of the research instrument were tested and research hypotheses were examined using PLS Graph 3.0. The results indicate that web site characteristics significantly influence the level of user concentration, user's enjoyment in shopping, and perceived behavioral control. Further, the use of Internet ticketing systems is influenced by users' flow states and trust in the web channel. User satisfaction is turned out to be affected by the use of Internet ticketing systems. Unlike extant research on the relationship between web site characteristics and its use, our study has found that, in the culture and entertainment industry, the impact of web site characteristics on IS use is mediated by a user's flow state. This finding has a practical implication that web site design should include as many features that enhance shopping enjoyment and concentration. Other practical implications of these findings and future research implications are also discussed.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.159-181
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• 2015

This study proposes a comprehensive model of purchasing intention of customers in agricultural products online shopping malls. In this study, we derived the factors through the literature reviews and logical reasoning and classified the factors as a business point of view, an information systems point of view and an agricultural characteristics point of view, and developed the integrated research model which is the factors affect purchase intentions by mediating trust and the perceived usefulness. A total of 329 samples of a valid survey data from the members of small agricultural online shopping malls were collected and the research model was empirically analyzed by a confirmatory factor analysis and path analyses using structural equation modeling with the data. The results show that the product quality and the service quality of the business point of view have effects on the trust, however the price adequacy and entertainment have no effect on the trust and the perceived usefulness respectively, also the advertising exposure has no effect on the trust but it has an effect on the purchase intention directly. The information quality and the ease of use of the information systems point of view have an effect on the trust and perceived usefulness. At last, the seasonal product of the agricultural characteristics point of view has effects on perceived usefulness but the regional brand has no effect on the trust. The results of this study provide strategic implications for successful development and operation of agricultural products online shopping malls.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.145-153
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• 2005

I reviewed an ecological and environmental significance of microbial carbon respiration coupled to dis-similatory reduction of fe(III) to Fe(II) which is one of the major processes controlling mineralization of organic matter and behavior of metals and nutrients in various anaerobic environments. Relative significance of Fe(III) reduction in the mineralization of organic matter in diverse marine environments appeared to be extremely variable, ranging from negligible up to $100\%$. Cenerally, Fe(III) reduction dominated anaerobic car-bon mineralization when concentrations of reactive Fe(III) were higher, indicating that availability of reactive Fe(III) was a major factor determining the relative significance of Fe(III) reduction in anaerobic carbon mineralization. In anaerobic coastal sediments where $O_2$ supply is limited, tidal flushing, bioturbation and vegetation were most likely responsible for regulating the availability of Fe(III) for Fe(III) reducing bacteria (FeRB). Capabilities of FeRB in mineralization of organic matter and conversion of metals implied that FeRB may function as a useful eco-technological tool for the bioremediation of anoxic coastal environments contaminated by toxic organic and metal pollutants.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.157-165
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• 2002

A two-year survey of consumers'awareness and perception of genetically-modified (GM) foods was conducted during May through September of 2000 and 2001 with a random sample of Korean consumers. More than 68% of the respondents were exposed to some information related to GM foods. The greatest benefit of the development of GM foods was thought to be the remedy for the food shortage in the future. More than 90% of Korean consumers wanted GM foods to be labeled. About 18% of the respondents would buy GM foods voluntarily, whereas over 49% would not until they found out more. Only 40% of Korean consumers were found to realize that food items originated ken plants contain genes. More consumers responded that they would not buy herbicide-tolerant GM soybean but buy vitamin-enriched GM soybean. It seemed to be that many Korean consumers do not make decisions of acceptance or rejection of GM foods not on the basis of biotechnology but on the basis of the word(5) used to describe the products, such as herbicide and vitamin. Only 4% of Korean consumers responded that GM foods were the greatest safety-threatening factor of Korean foods.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.26-33
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to investigate the consumption patterns of traditional Korean rice cake among college students. Self administered questionnaires were collected from 512 college students in the Seoul, Kyunggi, Chungchung, Kyungsang, Junla and Gangwondo areas. The data were statistically analysed using frequency analysis, chi-squared and t-tests and a one-way ANOVA. By examining the results of the student's perceptions of traditional Korean rice cake, it was found that most know little, or only a moderate amount, about this type of food. Meanwhile, more than half the students liked traditional Korean rice cake, as this type of food satisfied their need for a traditional Korean taste, while the reason for disliking was that they were more familiar with western-style confectionary. Most students answered that they only ate traditional Korean rice cake on special occasions, such as big holidays or ceremonies for the dead ancestors. Most answered that they bought those foods at conventional markets, the mile in the neighborhood, (Eds note: I dont't understand, do you mean, “within a mile of their neighborhood”\ulcorner) or atbig malls. The factor they considered the most important at the time of purchase was the quality (taste), which demonstrates the need for the development of traditional Korean rice cakes, with new tastes and shapes, which still satisfy the Korean's taste, whilemaintaining the traditional taste. For the questions that asked about the problems faced by the traditional Korean rice cake manufacturing industry, and the reasons for low consumption, the students responded that buying this type of food was difficult as the outlets selling themwere not easy to find. Our results seem to suggest that there are almost no specialty stores for the sale of traditional Korean rice cake compared to the other types of cakes that are scattered all over the country. (Eds note: this is only my opinion, and I maybe wrong, but I would have thought that trying to market traditional Korean rice cakes at local convenience stores, rather than speciality stores, would make them more available to the general public. Their marketing at speciality stores will maintain the status quo, i.e. people will go to the speciality stores to purchase product for holidays and special occasions, whereas they will go to the local convenience stores to buy general everyday snacks etc.)

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.35-41
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• 2006

Possible application of hurdle technology extention of shelf-life of fresh-cut apples was investigated by evaluating various hurdle factors known to be effective microbial growth inhibitors and their synergistic effects. Fresh-cut apples treated with chitooligosaccharide or grapefruit seed extract (GSE) showed higher microbial counts than those treated with distilled water during latter half of storage period, and at high concentrations. Citric and malic acids showed similar results, although microbial counts of fresh-cut apples treated with 0.75% or higher concentration of citric acid increased at 4 days of storage at $18^{\circ}C$, indicating malic acid is more effective than all hurdles tested for controlling microbial growth. Using ascorbic acid and calcium chloride as additional hurdles to control browning and softening, minimum and maximum compositions of dipping solution were: 0.25 : 0.5 : 0.25% and 0.75 : 1.0 : 0.75% malic acid: ascorbic acid: calcium chloride, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.82-87
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• 2006

Twenty one strains strongly producing protease were isolated from Korean traditional Cheonggukjang. Eight strains selected by sensory evaluation on Cheonggukjang prepared with isolated strains were identified with based on biochemical properties a and 16S rDNA sequencing. Identified strains were Bacillus subtilis MB4, and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens A1, A2, B1, MC1, SB2, SC1, and SD1. Protease activities, important strain selection factor, were higher in Cheongjukjang prepared with B. subtilis MB4 (179.6 Unit) and B. amyloliquefaciens SB2 (201.9 Unit) than commercial traditional Cheonggukjang (97.9 Unit). Sensory evaluation revealed Cheonggukjang prepared with B. subtilis MB4 had flavor very similar to commercial traditional Cheonggukjang. Cheonggukjang prepared with B. suhtilis MB4 (0.0006 Pa s) and commercial traditional Cheonggukjang (0.0002 Pa s) revealed lower viscosities than those of Cheonggukjang prepared with B. amyloliquefaciens SB2, MC1, B1, A1, SD1, A2, and SC1 (0.006 to 0.008 Pa s at 1001/s. Results show Cheonggukjang could be prepared using single strain of B. subtilis MB4, maintaining high protease activity and very similar sensory and viscosity qualities with those of commercial traditional Cheonggukjang.