• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.337-346
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• 2006

Aims: The present study investigated the relationship between condylar resorption and craniofacial skeleton types(especially vertical relationships), the differences of craniofacial skeleton types between with open bite group and without open bite group, and the associations of anterior disc dislocation with or without reduction to condylar resorption with MRI. Patients selection and methods: Clinical examination, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), panorama, lateral transcranial and lateral cephalometric radiographs in 34 patients with condylar resorption were used to investigate this relationship. Results and Conclusions: Patients with the following specific facial morphologic characteristics appear to be most susceptible to condylar resorption: (1) females were predominant, (2) patients' age ranged from 12 to 50 years old with a strong predominance for 2nd and 3rd decades, (3) patients had high mandibular plane angle and high gonial angle, (4) patients had decreased vertical height of the ramus, (5) patients had generally significant antegonial notch, (6) patients had predominance of Class I occlusal relationship with or without open bite but mandible was retruded as mean ANB 5.54 degrees, (7) condylar resorption rarely occurs in lower mandibular plane angle facial types, (8) although no statistically significant difference was found, the open bite group had a tendency more hyperdivergent skeletal pattern than the non open bite group, and (9) imaging demonstrates from small resorbing condyles to idiopathic condylar resorption and TMJ articular disc dislocations. Thus, morphologic features of patients with vertical discrepancies may represent a risk factor for the development of condylar resorption.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.85-90
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• 2009

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM. Over the years, resin-bonded fixed partial dentures (RBFPDs) have gone through substantial development and refinement. Several studies examined the biomechanics of tooth preparation and framework design in relation to the success rate of RBFPDs and considered retention and resistance form essential for increase of clinical retention. However, these criteria required preparations to be more invasive, which violates not only the original intentions of the RBFPD, but may also have an adverse effect on retention due to loss of enamel, an important factor in bonding. PURPOSE. The object of this in vitro study was to compare the dislodgement resistance of the new types of RBFPDs, the conventional three-unit fixed partial denture, and conventional design of RBFPD (Maryland bridge). MATERIAL AND METHODS. Fifty resin mandibular left second premolars and second molars were prepared on dentiforms, according to the RBFPD design. After model fabrication (five group, n = 10), prostheses were fabricated and cemented with zinc phosphate cement. After cementation, the specimens were subjected to tensile loading at a cross head speed of 4 mm/min in a universal testing machine. The separation load was recorded and analyzed statistically using one-way analysis of variance followed by Duncan's multiple range test. RESULTS. Group V, the pin-retained RBFPDs, had the highest mean dislodgement resistance, whereas specimens of group II, the conventional RBFPDs, exhibited a significantly lower mean dislodgement resistance compared to the other 4 groups (P <.05). There were no significant differences between group I, III, and IV in terms of dislodgement resistance (P>.05). Group V had the highest mean MPa (N/$mm^2$) (P <.05). There was no significant difference between groups I, II, III and IV (P > .05). CONCLUSION. Within the limits of the design of this in vitro study, it was concluded that: 1. The modified RBFPDs which utilizes the original tooth undercuts and requires no tooth preparation, compared with the conventional design of RBFPDs, has significantly high dislodgement resistance (P < .05). 2. The modified RBFPDs which utilizes the original tooth undercuts and requires minimal tooth preparation, compared with the conventional FPDs, has significantly no difference in retention and dislodgement resistance)(P>.05). 3. The pin-retained FPDs showed a high dislodgement resistance compared to the conventional three-unit FPDs (P<.05).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.16-23
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• 2014

Red yeast rice (RYR) has been known to exhibit various biological effects, including anti-hyperlipidemia, antioxidant, anti-tumor, and anti-inflammtory activities. Oxidative stress is a main risk factor in the development of cardiovascular disease, such as atherosclerosis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the possible hypolipidemic and antioxidant effect of RYR on rats fed a high-cholesterol diet supplemented with either 0.2%, 1%, or 5% RYR for 4 weeks. We measured lipid profiles in the plasma and liver, antioxidant enzyme activities in plasma and erythrocyte, gene expression of antioxidant enzymes in the liver, and oxidative DNA damage in lymphocytes. The group supplemented with 0.2% RYR had total cholesterol level in plasma decreased by 24%, while the group supplemented with 5% RYR had high-density cholesterol increased by 20% compared to the control. The antioxidant enzyme activities were also affected by RYR supplementation. Total superoxide dismutase activities in plasma significantly decreased by 11% in the 1% RYR group, while these activities in the liver significantly decreased by 16% and 21% in the 1% and 5% supplemented group compared to the control, respectively. Glutathione peroxidase activities in plasma and erythrocytes increased 13% and 48% in the 1% RYR group, respectively. Catalase (CAT) activity in erythrocytes significantly increased by 49% and 68% in the 1% and 5% RYR group compared to the control, respectively. The gene expression of CAT was up-regulated 7.9 fold compared to the control in the 5% RYR supplemented group. These results suggest that RYR can control hyperlipidemia by improving the lipid profile and modulating oxidative stress.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.127-138
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• 2011

The creation and interchange of information through the Internet network forms online community and makes Social Network Game (SNG) as a new entertainment by grafting it onto the most popular online games. SNG means the service which amalgamates social network service (e.g., Facebook, Twitter, etc) strong points and the fun of online game. It promotes the intimacy of relation between the friends above social network service and the gaming amusement for users. The domestic SNG market is currently fast changing according to the smart environment which is quickly shifted. The existing online game field will continuously maintain a market size. SNOG will be more developed because it is competitive from the business perspective of managing cost and production cost when compares with the existing online game. In relation to Facebook, Twitter, etc. overseas SNS platform base SNOG service, the domestic competition for launching SNG is expected to heat up as NHN, Daum and SK Communication introduce open type SNS. This study examines the successful factors and strategy for domestic SNOG by studying the case of MapleStory Adventures successful possibility. The possible successful factors are combing SNS on the existing popular online game, marketing through the existing users, and solving the platform problem of a failure factor of NexonStar. This case study is expected to contribute to the domestic SNOG industry development by providing several implications for the successful factors and strategy of SNOG which will be continuously developed.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.47-58
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• 2005

Development of underground space is conducted for various useful facility and underground structures and deep excavation technology for reclaimed area has been researched and developed. The seepage flow and behavior of phreatic line in reclaimed area was predominated by transient flow caused by tidal action. Also the soil-water characteristic relation is most important factor for transient flow analysis, therefore the research about the soil-water characteristic is strongly required. In this paper, laboratory tests (pressure cell, desiccator, and tensiometer test) and theoretical analysis were performed to investigate the soil-water characteristic such as air-entry value, metric suction, and residual water content. And the feasibility of prediction method for soil-water characteristic are presented by transient seepage analysis and comparison between analysis results and in-situ measured seepage flux in LNG TK-00 storage tank. Based on the result of laboratory and theoretical analysis, Fredlund and Xing's method provide to work out well for reclaimed ground soils. Also, the transient analysis result is more reasonable and effective for design of deep excavation work in coastal and reclaimed ground.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.49-54
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• 2009

The seismic slope stability is most often evaluated by the pseudo-static limit analysis, in which the earthquake loading is simplified as static inertial loads acting in horizontal and/or vertical directions. The transient loading is represented by constant acceleration via the pseudostatic coefficients. The result of a pseudostatic analysis is governed by the selection of the value of the pseudostatic coefficient. However, selection of the value is very difficult and often done in an ad hoc manner without a sound physical reasoning. In addition, the maximum acceleration is commonly estimated from the design guideline, which cannot accurately estimate the dynamic response of a slope. There is a need to perform a 2D dynamic analysis to properly define the dynamic response characteristics. This paper develops a new hybrid pseudostatic method that links the modified one-dimensional seismic site response analysis and the pseudostatic algorithm. The modified site response analysis adjusts the density of the layers to simulate the change in mass and weight of the layers of the slope with depth. Multiple analyses were performed at various locations within the slope to estimate the change in seismic response of the slope. The calculated peak acceleration profiles with depth from the developed procedure were compared to those by the two-dimensional analyses. Comparisons show that the two methods result in remarkable match. The calculated profiles are used to perform pseudostatic analysis. The results show that use of peak or a fraction of acceleration at the surface can seriously underestimate or overestimate the factor of safety, and that the proposed procedure significantly enhances the reliability of a standard procedure.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.31-37
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• 2013

In this study installation diameter, interval, area replacement ratio and ground hardness of applicable ground in C.G.S method should be mastered through surrounding ground by conducting modeling. Optimum artificial neural network was selected through the study of the parameter of artificial neural network and prediction model was developed by the relationship with numerical analysis and artificial neural network. As this result, C.G.S pile settlement and ground settlement were found to be equal in terms of diameter, interval, area replacement ratio and ground hardness, presented in a single curve, which means that the behavior pattern of applied ground in C.G.S method was presented as some form, and based on such a result, learning the artificial neural network for 3D behavior was found to be possible. As the study results of artificial neural network internal factor, when using the number of neural in hidden layer 10, momentum constant 0.2 and learning rate 0.2, relationship between input and output was expressed properly. As a result of evaluating the ground behavior of C.G.S method which was applied to using such optimum structure of artificial neural network model, is that determination coefficient in case of C.G.S pile settlement was 0.8737, in case of ground settlement was 0.7339 and in case of ground heaving was 0.7212, sufficient reliability was known.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.112-117
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• 2009

This study were conducted to investigate the effects of several additives in experimental diets on the growth, feed utilization and body composition of juvenile and grower rockfish. Three replicates of juveniles (3.6 g/fish) and two replicates growers (166 g/fish) were fed the experimental diets containing herb medicines mixture, Artemisia asiatica and Epimedium koreanum for 8 weeks. Dietary supplementation with herb medicines mixture had no beneficial effects on growth and feed utilization of juvenile fish. Weight gain, daily feed intake, condition factor and hepatosomatic index of grower fish fed the diet were not affected by dietary additive (P>0.05). Peed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio of grower fish fed the diet containing herb medicines mixture were significantly higher than those of fish fed the control diet (P<0.05), but not significantly different from fish fed the diet containing A. asiatica and E. koreanum (P>0.05). Proximate analysis of whole body, muscle, viscera and liver in the juvenile and grower were not affected by dietary additives (P>0.05). The results of this study suggest that feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio of grower rockfish may improved by herb medicines mixture supplementation in the diet.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.29-38
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• 2013

Purpose: This study was done to develop a cell phone addiction scale for Korean parents of young children, and to evaluate the reliability and validity of the developed scale. Methods: The scale was developed through construction of a conceptual framework, generation of initial items, verification of content validity, selection of secondary items, preliminary study, and extraction of final items. Participants were 465 parents and 178 children. Data were analyzed using item analysis, factor analysis, criterion related validity, internal consistency, and split-half reliability. Results: Twenty items were categorized into three factors explaining 60.3% of total variance. Factors were named as withdrawal - 4 items, loss of control - 9 items, and persistence - 7 items. Scores for the scale were significantly correlated with self-control, impulsiveness, cell phone use, and cell phone addiction of children as measured by a scale for Korean children. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the 20 items was .94, and Guttman coefficient was .87. Scale scores identified children as high risk users, at risk users, or average users by standard scores. Conclusion: The results suggest that the cell phone addiction scale for Korean parents is a reliable and valid instrument to measure cell phone addiction in young children.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.1129-1136
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• 2001

This study was to investigate the suitability of six domestic wheat cultivars for the Korean-style steamed bread made under optimal conditions. Six wheat flours milled from cultivars of Greu, Kumgang, Eunpa, Taptong Kobun, and Allgreu contained 13.8, 13.7, 13.7, 13.0, 11.7, 11.0% of protein. Control bread was made from blend (protein 10.5%) of 50% high strength and 50% low strength wheat flours milled from imported wheats. The volume of steamed bread made from Kumgang was highest followed by Eunpa, Tapdong, Kobun, Greu, control bread, Allgreu. Especially, the bread qualities of Kumgand and Kobun were superior to the control bread, showing better surface characteristics such as smoothness, glossiness, and whiteness, better shapes and desirable texture. Domestic wheat flours, having medium strength with high protein content above 13.0% were suitable for steamed bread except for Greu. Volumes of steamed bread made from domestic wheat flours were correlated with protein and ash content, flour color (L value), farinograph dough development time and stability, whereas spread ratio, total bread score and overall acceptability were correlated with farinograph dough stability It is concluded that flour quality is more important factor than protein content when domestic wheat flours are chosen for Korean-style steamed bread