• THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN ORIENTAL ONCOLOGY
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.75-87
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• 2003

Recently, the occurrence and death rates of cancer have increased rapidly. Metastasis and recurrence is the most important factor of death from cancer. So inhibition of recurrence and metastasis can increase the cure rate of cancer disease. At the basic chinese traditional medicine(TCM), there are a lot of theory related to neoplasm treatment. The metastasis and recurrence of neoplasm was the basis of yudu(餘毒) on remained neoplasm cell and stagnation of blood, thermotoxo, phlegm, asthenia of healthy enerngy and stagnation of vital energy. The principles therapy of neoplasm on metastasis and recurrence was based on knowledge of the method of support the healthy energy and strengthen the body resistance, promote blood circulation to remove blood stasis, clear away heat and toxic materials, dissipate phlegm and disperse the accumulation of evils. But the major clinical features of neoplasm was to be considered in developing a treatment plan include (1) distinguish between clinical and pathologic staging - acute and chronic, (2) classification of pathologic pattern, and (3) distingction of body situation : for examples asthenia - sthenia etc. It was most important to distinguish between supporting the healthy and eliminating the evil factors and to treat differently at the root and the branch cause of a neoplasm. This paper's results indicate that identification and effective use of THM can inhibite netastasis and recurrence and then it will help increasing survival rate. Also as BioTechnology(BT) has developed rapidly nowadays, as genes related to cancer have revealed. So it will give rise to the development of searching the mechanism of herb medicines which have inhibition effects of metastasis and recurrence.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.663-676
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• 1996

Physical properties and textural parameters of thirty-five piston tore samples recovered from the southeastern coast of Korea (Korea Strait), were investigated using the autopycnometer. The physical properties (porosity, water content, wet bulk density, dry bulk density, gram density, and void ratio) were measured at rather uniform intervals along each core. Sediment texture (grain size, sand, silt, and clay contents) was also measured at the same subbottom depth. The measured and calculated results are; mean grain size $0.57\~8.09\phi(average:3.67\phi)$, porosity $26\~81\%\;(average:\;55\%)$, water content $16.7\~61.4\%(average:\;31.6\%)$, wet bulk density $1.37\~2.18g/cm^3\;(average:\;1.85g/cm^3)$, dry bulk density $2.55\~3.11g/cm^3\;(average:\;2.35g/cm^3)$, grain density $2.40\~3.10g/cm^3\;(average:\;2.85g/cm^3)$, and void ratio $0.56\~2.54$ (average: 0.94). The sediment texture generally coincides well with the bathymetry indicating the influence of Pleistocene-Holocene sea level changes. Also the contours of physical properties are closely related to the sediment texture. Fluctuation of physical properties are similar to the textural variation. It seems that sediment texture is a significant factor in determining physical property in this study area.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.460-474
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• 2013

This research is to verify the effects of Korean wave image on the national image and purchase intention of Korean educational product empirically. Also, it is to find out the moderating effect of engagement when Korean wave image is affecting purchase intention of Korean educational product. In order to verify this, the questionnaires were distributed to the Chinese university students of Shandong, in China, who recognized the Korean wave, and among those questionnaires, 315 were analyzed for this research. As a result of analysis, cognitive images is found out to make a positive effects on the affective image, national image and purchase intention of Korean educational products. And affective images is found out to make a positive effects on the national image and purchase intention of Korean educational products. This result suggests that throughout the factor of Korean wave, we should improve national image and try to find ways to export Korean educational industry to China. In order to activate Korean wave image in China, the government has to review the cultural contents development policies positively like promoting Korean soap operas.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.504-511
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• 2020

This paper studies the operational efficiency of the new sesame variety "da u" farmed by the Rural Development Administration. In the survey area--Gyeonggi-do Province, where sesame cultivation was the most intensive. Thirty farmers were surveyed by rural enterprises in the Yangpyeng area where 'da u' was planted. The efficiency of the operation was analyzed by studying the data of 30 farmers. In order to analyze the operational efficiency of the farmers, this survey used the DEA model for analysis in order to determine the technical efficiency of farmers. The result shows that the DEA technical efficiencies of most farmers are efficient, and only 6 farmers are inefficient. The reason for the inefficiency is the high cost of input factors. To analyze the determinants of efficiency through the Tobit model, reducing the pesticides and general fertilizers led to increased technical efficiency. This is inefficient use of pesticides and general fertilizers relative to the output factor, and efficient methods should reduce the cost issues.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.355-364
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• 2018

The objective of this study is to conduct basic research for the development of programs for improving university students' communication competence. As such, it seeks to determine if positive psychological capital can mediate the relationship between the geometric psychology type and communication competence. To that end, 321 Korean university students were surveyed using a questionnaire, and the data underwent scale reliability analysis, regression analysis, and path analysis. Regression analysis revealed the consistent regression results of variables, including geometric psychology type, positive psychological capital, and communication competence. Path analysis confirmed that positive psychological capital mediated the relationship between the geometric psychology type and communication competence, and the results suggested different patterns according to type of geometric psychology. The circle type mediated the sub-variable resilience vis-a-vis communication competence, and directly influenced the latter. The triangle type mediated the sub-factors of positive psychological capital - self-efficacy and resilience -vis-a-vis communication competence, and thus influencing the latter. The square type mediated the sub-factor of positive psychological capital - self-efficacy - vis-a-vis communication competence, and directly influenced the latter. The S type did not mediate positive psychological capital vis-a-vis communication competence, but directly influenced the latter. Thus, considering the above findings, in order to develop university students communication improvement programs, programs should be developed with the application of positive psychological capital considering geometric psychology type.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.299-307
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the financial hardships affecting the quality of life of cancer survivors. Method: Data were collected from five convalescent hospitals using self-administered questionnaires, and 422 questionnaires were used for the final analysis. We used a 5-step hierarchical multiple-regression analysis by entering each sociodemographic variable, medical variable, and three types of financial hardship (a material situation, the psychological response, and coping behavior coming from cancer treatment cost) into each step. Results: The results of statistical analysis indicate that the most influential factor in the quality of life was the financial difficulty, which was the frustration that they could not work as usual or support their family financially. In addition, the performance of physical activity, accompanying diseases, women patients, psychological burden on cancer treatment cost, the satisfaction of communication with medical staff for medical expenses, and the feeling unsuccessful financial coping strategy were predictors for the quality of life of cancer survivors. Conclusion: This study provides a blueprint for the development of intervention programs in practice to improve the quality of life of cancer patients, clinical intervention plans, and health policies.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.45 no.8
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• pp.1099-1106
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• 2016

The objective of this study was to evaluate the immunomodulatory activity of crude polysaccharide separated from Cudrania tricuspidata leaf. C. tricuspidata polysaccharide (CTP) was extracted by ethanol precipitation. Immunomodulation activity was tested in macrophage cells (RAW 264.7 and bone-marrow derived macrophage) and splenocytes. CTP treatment significantly increased cell proliferation up to $250{\mu}g/mL$ in both RAW 264.7 and bone-marrow derived macrophages. In this concentration range (below $250{\mu}g/mL$), nitric oxide and cytokine [tumor necrosis factor $(TNF)-{\alpha}$ and interleukin (IL)-6] production also significantly increased. Similarly, splenocyte proliferation dosedependently increased except for the $1,000{\mu}g/mL$ treated group. Regarding cytokine production activity in splenocytes, CTP treatment significantly increased production of Th 1 type cytokines [interferon $(IFN)-{\gamma}$] production but not Th 2 type cytokines (IL-4). Therefore, the results indicate that CTP may have a potential effect on immunomodulatory activity in various immune cells, and this is useful for development of immune enhancing adjuvant materials as a natural ingredient.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.97 no.1
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• pp.22-29
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• 2008

The objective of this study is to provide useful information for the establishment of efficient policy implementation strategies of forest road construction policy in South Korea. Data needed for the analysis was collected by a questionnaire survey. For the analysis, policy evaluation model was constructed based on theories of public policy. Evaluation model contains three independent variables (policy initiative factor, policy content, policy environment) and two dependent variables (policy result, policy impact). Since, these variables are unobservable latent variables, observable indicators are needed as proxy measures. LISREL (Linear Structural Relationships) was employed for the analysis since it is a useful measure for analysing linear structural model which consists of structural and measurement equations. It was confirmed that forest road construction is an effective policy mean for the development of rural region and activating forest resources management. The policy outcome, however, was not satisfactory. To improve the effectiveness of forest road construction policy some modification of policy contents are needed such as increased construction budget, allowing more flexibility and participation to the implementation personal and providing technical support.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.334-339
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• 2007

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generate during electrical activation of oocytes which has detrimental effects on embryo survival when overwhelmed. The present study was designed to investigate the ability of L-ascorbic acid, a novel water soluble antioxidant, to reduce the ROS level in developing embryos and their subsequent effects on embryo development in vitro. The compact cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs) were cultured in tissue culture medium (TCM)-199 supplemented with 10 ng/ml epidermal growth factor, 4 IU/ml pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG), and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and 10% (v/v) porcine follicular fluid (pFF) for 44 h. After maturation culture, the denuded oocytes were activated with a single DC pulse of 2.0 kV/cm in 0.3 M mannitol solution containing 0.5 mM of HEPES, 0.1 mM of $CaCl_2$ and 0.1 mM of $MgCl_2$ for $30{\mu}s$ using a BTX Electro-cell Manipulator. The activated oocytes were cultured in modified North Carolina State University-23 (mNSCU-23) medium for 168 h. The level of $H_2O_2$ in each embryo was measured by the dichlorohydrofluorescein diacetate (DCHFDA) method at 48 h after activation. The blastocyst formation rate was significantly higher when culture medium was supplemented with 50 and $100{\mu}M$ L-ascorbic acid (31.2 and 38.7%, respectively) compared to non-supplemented (16.1%) group. Accordingly, significantly more cells in blastocyst were found for 50 and $100{\mu}M$ L-ascorbic acid (50.0 and 56.4, respectively) compared to 0 and $200{\mu}M$ L-ascorbic acid (36.5 and 39.8, respectively). L-ascorbic acid reduces the $H_2O_2$ level in developing embryos in a dose-dependant manner. The $H_2O_2$ level (pixels/ embryos) was 191.5, 141.0, 124.0 and 163.3 for 0, 50, 100 and $200{\mu}M$ L-ascorbic acid, respectively. So, we recommend to supplement 50 or $100{\mu}M$ L-ascorbic acid in porcine in vitro culture medium.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.463-470
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• 2011

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor (GnRHR) gene is expressed at the anterior pituitary gland and plays a key role in gonad development. This study aimed to investigate molecular genetic characteristics of the GnRHR gene and elucidate the effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of GnRHR gene on sex steroid level in Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). We used polymerase chain reaction single-strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) and sequencing of the GnRHR gene in 75 individuals. We identified three SNPs in the GnRHR gene: P1 locus (C759A and C830T) in the coding region of exon2 which were both linked together and P2 locus (G984T) in the coding region of exon3, which added a new transcript factor (ADR1) and a new methylation site (CG). Only C830T of P1 leads to amino acid changes Thr266Ile. Statistical analysis showed that P1 was significantly associated with $17{\beta}$-estradiol ($E_2$) level (p<0.01) and gonadosomatic index (GSI) (p<0.05). Individuals with genotype BB of P1 had significantly higher serum $E_2$ levels (p<0.01) and GSI (p<0.05) than those of genotype AA or AB. Another SNP, P2, synonymous mutation, was significantly associated with GSI (p<0.05). Individuals with genotype AB of P2 had significantly higher GSI (p<0.05) than that of genotype AA. In addition, there was a significant association between one diplotype based on three SNPs and reproductive traits. The genetic effects for both serum $E_2$ level and GSI of diplotype D4 were super diplotypes (p<0.05). These results suggest that the SNPs in Japanese Flounder GnRHR are associated with $E_2$ level and GSI.