• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.12
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• pp.699-709
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• 2009

The most important property for coming up to the global change and leading the knowledge-based future is human resources who has capacity to make a high value-added knowledge. For whom teaching knowledge and experiences related to the managing medical organization, it is very important and significant to make efforts to reflect educational goal, contents and teaching methods satisfying the new era's demands in the curriculum quickly. To develop a hospital management curriculum which is receptive to the change of medical industry and educational circumstances, analysing syllabuses of 19 departments of the year 2007 and surveying of professors, students and persons in charges of hospital administration are used. The syllabuses of 19 departments of 22 colleges were opened for this study. The medical record and other subjects take the most part of curriculums, while the number of subjects related to management or administrational practice are relatively small. The short of these subjects are obstacles to cultivate capacity and quality of students medical organizations look for. As the result of satisfaction measurement, hospital-management professors gave 3.41 points, students gave 3.29 points to the current curriculum and administrators who has been experienced to employ graduates majored in medical management gave 3.06 points.(5 points = full mark) Alternative ways are suggested to complement these problems as below: Strengthening and deepening study such subjects as strategy planning, management, marketing, managing medical disputes, quality improvement, PR, advertisement; changing informations and establishing cooperative programs between school and industry.

• Archives of design research
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• v.19 no.1 s.63
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• pp.215-224
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• 2006

As the competition becomes more severe, the importance of brand confidence is coming to the front mainly because there has been a tendency of the customer for choosing a product or service in conjunction with the confidence. The concept of brand personality has formed as a result of various efforts for establishing a differentiated and confident brand image. The brand personality is regarded a useful mean for meeting objectives of a corporation for establishing a distinctive brand identity as well as customers for expressing their self-image. In line with the growing importance of the brand personality, researchers have attempted to measure it by various methods. However, most of researches were based on verbal and quantitative methods which take a long period of time and lots of efforts to analyze their results. Such methods also have limitations for visualizing the results. In this vein, this study aims to develop a new visible brand personality measurement system by utilizing the purpose-designed avatar. Major findings of the study are as follows: Firstly, the avatar can be an effective mean for visualizing the brand personality. As the avatar can visualize the personalities of human-beings through facial expressions, clothing, attitudes and movements, a specially designed avatar can express the brand personality. Secondly, types of the brand personality can be segregated into distinctive seven classes and such classes are used as guidelines for developing specially designed brand personality avatars. Thirdly, the purpose-designed brand personality avatar can be an effective mean for measuring the brand personality as a result of various tests for the validity. In condusion, avatar can be a more powerful tool than language for measuring the brand personality.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.674-681
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• 2008

Hospital malnutrition could be caused by not completing the food served in the hospital. This has been a big problem since it delays the recovery of the patient and extends the length of hospital stay. The purpose of the study was to reduce the plate waste for the DM diet by performing several nutrition service improvement activities. The study was performed in a general hospital with 900 beds. A questionnaire survey was taken by 39 DM patients to obtain their aspect of the hospital foodservice systems and the quality of the meals at the beginning of the study. The amounts of foods served in the hospital kitchen and returned were measured by weights. After the improvement activities, the measurement of the plate waste was performed again for comparison. The average percentage of plate waste for the DM diet was 23.2%. The survey showed no difference by sex, age or duration of admission in plate waste. However, this food wastage percentage showed differences between the patients having a chance to get information about the diet therapy (12.21%) and not having one (26.06%) (p < 0.05). Using a five-point Likert-type scale, the quality of food by its taste was 2.49 (1: very poor, 5: excellent), the temperature score was 3.56 (1: very poor, 5: excellent), and the amount of food served score was 2.95 (1: very poor, 5: excellent), and the preference score was 3.13 (1: very dislike, 5: very like). Nutritional care improving activities were performed by adjusting seasonings, developing new menus, and standardizing cooking methods in order to increase the satisfaction of meal quality. The dietitian's inpatients care protocol was adjusted to expand the nutritional counseling chance for the DM patients. After the improvement activities, the average plate waste was reduced to 14.6%, and the satisfaction of food taste and preference increased to 3.21 (p < 0.001), and 3.36 (p < 0.05) correspondingly. The result shows that, for therapeutic diet patients, food intake could be increased by improving the food service satisfaction by controlling the meal quality and clinical nutritional service activities.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.91-99
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• 2000

This is a preliminary study for developing the method of the dose reconstruction in the patients, irradiated by mega-voltage photon beams from the linear accelerator, using the transit dose distributions. In this study we present the method of three-dimensional dose reconstruction and evaluate the method by computer simulation. To acquire the dose distributions in the patients (or phantoms) we first calculate the differences between the doses at the arbitrary points in the patients and the doses at the corresponding points where the transit doses are measured. Then, we can get the dose in the patients from the measured transit dose and the calculated value of the difference. The dose differences are calculated by applying the inverse square law and using the linear attenuation coefficient. The scatter to primary dose ratios, which are calculated by the Monte Carlo program using the CT data of the patient (or phantoms), are also used in the calculations. For the evaluation of this method we used various kinds of homogeneous and inhomogeneous phantoms and calculated the transit dose distributions with the Monte Carlo program. From the distributions we reconstructed the dose distributions in the phantom. We used mono-energy Photon beam of 1.5MeV and Monte Carlo program EGS4. The comparison between the dose distributions reconstructed using the method and the distributions calculated by the Monte Carlo program was done. They agreed within errors of -4%∼+2%. This method can be used to predict the dose distributions in the patient

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.490-498
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• 2010

HCFC-22 (chlorodifluoromethane, $CHClF_2$), one of the major components in various refrigeration, is emitted mostly from developing countries, as its consumption is not limited until 2013 by the Montreal Protocol. In addition, HFC-23 (trifluoromethane, $CHF_3$), a by-product in the manufacture of HCFC-22, is also a powerful greenhouse gas. Here, we discuss the regional emission characteristics of these compounds based on high-frequency in-situ measurements using the "Medusa" GC-MS system. HCFC-22 and HFC-23 baseline concentrations measured at Gosan (Jeju Island, Korea) from November 2007 to December 2008 increased by 1.8 ppt/yr and 0.6 ppt/yr, respectively. Pollution events of these compounds were observed, very frequently (e.g., ~2~3 times) at Gosan than baseline levels. All the measurement data were divided into four groups by simultaneously considering the ratio (HFC-23/HCFC-22) and concentration (HCFC-22) at Trinidad Head (TH, California, USA). The residence time of trajectories were then analyzed in each of the four groups. The results exhibited the existence of a strong correlation with air mass origin for each group: 1) Air masses originating from Siberia in the north and from the Pacific in the south had ratios of 0.08~0.12 and concentrations of 196.9~254.3 ppt which is highly comparable to background air at TH. 2) Air masses passing over the Southern China exhibited similar ratios but higher HCFC-22 concentrations. 3) Air masses passing over the Northern China had ratios of 0.12~0.21. 4) Air masses passing over Korea and/or Japan had ratios of 0.01~0.08. Our results suggest that the HFC-23/HCFC-22 ratio can be used as a good indicator for the assessment of the pollution with Chinese origin. We also confirmed differences in air masses traveling over Northern and Southern China, most likely due to differences in air mass travelling speed over these regions before arriving at Gosan. This signature may be treated as one of the critical components in identifying the emission sources from different parts of China.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.55-61
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• 2015

Based on the literature study for the determination of perchlorate in soil we chose the ion chromatography as a measurement method and decided to use 70 mM KOH as an eluent to avoid the interference derived from the co-elution of pyrophosphate (P₂O₇⁴⁻), tripolyphosphate (P₃O₁₀⁵⁻). Also we proposed to use air dried soil through 0.15 mm sieve and distilled water as an extractant. Under the these basic concepts, we carried out the experiments to set up the detail procedure like solid to liquid ratio (S/L ratio), extraction time, device for extraction and indicating factors for quality control (e.g. precision, accuracy, MDL, LOQ). In case of time and device for extraction, 5 hours of mechanical shaking or 1 hour of centrifugation showed better precision and accuracy than that of sonication for 1 hour According to these results, we proposed the extraction method combining 5 hours of mechanical shaking with 1 hour of centrifugation. From the aspect of S/L ratio, the ratio of 1/2 or 1/3 showed resonable precision and accuracy. In case of the ratio of 1/2, there would be some problems in the separation process when the proportion of fine particle is high. Therefore, we proposed the extraction ratio of solid to liquid as 1/3 instead of 1/2. With the consideration of cost effectiveness and soil salinity, we proposed the use of cartridge for removing the interfering anions like chloride, sulfate and carbonate in specific sample such as saline soil.

• Archives of design research
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.197-206
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• 2003

Nowadays, the studies on interface and cognition-engineering has become issues of general interest as newly design-methods which analyze the behavior of user on products. However existing studies were mainly done with verbal-centered method which made it difficult for the designer to apply for visual realization. Moreover many mistakes and noises are taken place whenever the designer converts verbal statements and needs of user into visual factors. Therefore the designer needs to analyze visual perception on user and product as visual-centered methods. This study applies the eye tracking method as analysing-instrument and aims to develop the analysis-framework, the concrete techniques of measurement and the application for the product design. At first the nature and the process of visual perception on products are reviewed for developing analysis method. Then the technique of eye tracking and the meaning of fixation and movement are discussed to specify the concrete method. The basic experiment of product can reveal general analysis process, advantage and guideline for the application of eye tracking method. The Study is peformed through the following 4 steps ; to pre-research into product design and visual perception theory ; to identify the concrete experiment method, to measure the fixation/movement data and analyze the raw data, to convert the result of analysis to the visual framework. Finally the major findings and the limits of the study are suggested and summarized.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1994.04a
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• pp.186-186
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• 1994

Many agonists have been known to activate the hydrolysis of membrane phospholipids through the bindings with corresponding receptors on the various cells. Diacylglycerol and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate(IP3) generated by the action of phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) are well known second messengers for the activation of protein kinase C and the mobilization of Ca2+ in many cells. Three types of PI-PLC isozyme (${\alpha}$,${\gamma}$, and $\delta$) and several subtrpes for each type have been identified from mammalian sources by purification of enzymes and cloning of their cDNAs. Each type PI-PLC isozyme is coupled to different receptors and mediators, for example, ${\beta}$-types are coupled to the seven-transmembrane-receptors via Gq family of G-proteins and ${\beta}$-types directly to the receptor tyrosine kinases. Specific modulators for the signaling pathway through each type of PI-PLC should be very useful as potential potential candidates for lend substances in developing novel drugs. To establish the sensitive and convenient screening systems for searching modulators on PI-PLC mediated signaling, two kinds of approaches have been tried. (1) Establishment of in vitro assay condition for each type of PI-PLC isozyme: Overexpression by using vaccinia virus and purification of each isozyme was carried out for the preparation of large amounts of enaymes. Optimum and sensitive assay condition for the measurements of PI-ELC activities were established. (2) Development of the cell lines in which each type of PI-PLC is permanently overexpressed: A fibroblast cell line (3T3${\gamma}$1-7) in which PI-PLC-${\gamma}$1 was overexpressed by using pZip-neo expression vector was developed and used for the measurement of PDGF-induced IP3 formation. The responses for IP3 formed in 3T3${\gamma}$1-7 cells by the treatment of PDGF is 8 times more sensitive than those in control cells. 3T3${\gamma}$l-7 cell is useful for the screening of the inhibitors on the PDGF-induced cellular responses from large number of samples in a small volume(50 ${\mu}$l) and short time(5-15 min). Using these systems, we screened hundreds of herb-extracts for the inhibition of PDGF-induced IP3 formation and selected several extracts that showed the inhibition as the candidates for isolation and characterization of active substances. The determination of the acting point of selected extracts or fractions in the PDGF signaling pathway has been analyzing.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 2010

Scatter radiation considerably affects radiographic image quality by reducing image contrast and contributing to a non-uniform background. Images containing a large portion of scatter radiation may result in an incorrect diagnosis. In the past few years, many efforts have been made to reduce the effects of scatter radiation on radiographic images. The purpose of this study is to accurately measure scatter fractions and evaluate the effectiveness of beam-stop arrays. To measure scatter fraction accurately, a beam-stop array and the SFC (Scatter Fraction Calculator) program were developed. Images were obtained using the beam-stop array for both an anti-scatter technique with an anti-scatter grid and an air gap technique. The scatter fractions of the images were measured using the SFC program. Scatter fractions obtained with an anti-scatter grid were evaluated and compared to scatter fractions obtained without an anti-scatter grid. Scatter fractions were also quantitatively measured and evaluated with an air gap technique. The effectiveness of the beam-stop array was demonstrated by quantifying scatter fractions under various conditions. The results showed that a beam-stop array and the SFC program can be used to accurately measure scatter fractions in radiographic images and can be applied for both developing scatter correction methods as well as systems.

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.74-83
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to investigate motivation to learn physics in order to understand engineering college students' physics learning. Therefore, in this study, 374 engineering students at the university located in Seoul were studied using the Physics Motivation Questionnaire (PMQ), which was a Science Motivation Questionnaire II modified into the context of learning physics. The PMQ is composed of five factors: intrinsic motivation, career motivation, self-determination, self-efficacy, and grade motivation. It involves 25 Likert scale items. Through exploratory factor analysis, PMQ confirms that the five factors are structurally valid in measuring the motivation of engineering students to learn physics. In addition, item fit (MNSQ) was also confirmed using a Rasch model analysis. The results show that grade motivation has the highest mean with 4.2, followed by job motivation mean with 3.76. The mean of intrinsic motivation was 3.42, the self-efficacy was 3.38, and self-determination was 3.32. The results of this study confirm that the physics learning motivation of engineering college students is characterized showing high external motivation related to job and grade. Therefore, we should try to develop the teaching strategy to increase intrinsic motivation by developing mastery goal orientation of physics learning for engineering students.