• 복식문화연구
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.208-221
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to identify the effects of sportswear brands' country-of-origin on purchase intention (PI) in terms of brand personality as perceived by Chinese university students. Chinese students preferred to shop for sportswear at specialty stores, liked Nike and Adidas most, design was the most important factor when selecting, selected their sportswear themselves, and gathered information from TV ads. With regard to perceptions of brands country-of-origin, America was perceived as a developed country, influential to the world, but as having a bad relationship with China. Germany was perceived as a developed country and as having a well-developed civic culture, good people image, high technology, high influence on the world, and a good relationship with China. Italy was perceived as a developed country with the highest civic culture. China was perceived as a developing country, as having a good people image, and low technology and low influence on the world. Japan was perceived as a developed country with high technology. Factors of brand personality were sincerity, competence & sophistication, and excitement. Nike was perceived as having high competence & sophistication and excitement, Adidas as having high competence & sophistication and excitement, Lining as having high sincerity, and Mizuno's brand personality was very low. People image, competence & sophistication and excitement became higher, PI of Adidas increased. If people image, competence & sophistication and excitement became higher, PI of Kappa increased. If a country was developed and competence & sophistication and excitement became higher, PI of Lining increased. If civic culture, people image, technology, competence & sophistication and excitement became higher, PI of Mizuno increased.

• 무역학회지
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.107-130
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• 2023

본 연구는 선진국의 최소품질표준 설정과 국가 간 상호인정협정의 경제적 효과를 파악하고, 이를 기반으로 우리나라의 최적 상호인정협정 체결 전략을 분석한다. 이를 위하여 3개국의 대표기업이 서로 다른 품질의 제품을 선진국 시장에 공급하는 모형을 설정하였다. 분석결과, 첫째, 선진국 최소품질표준의 상승은 경쟁 상황을 심화시켜 모든 기업의 이윤을 감소시키며 선진국 소비자 효용을 증대시킨다. 또한, 최소품질표준으로 인하여 기업이 시장에서 퇴출된다면 경쟁은 완화되고 남은 기업들의 품질과 이윤은 늘어난다. 둘째, 최소품질표준을 적용을 받게 되는 국가들은 상호인정협정 체결을 통하여 사회후생을 증가 시킬 수 있으며, 서로 다른 국가들 간 상호인정협정 체결의 전략적 활용이 중요하다는 결론을 얻을 수 있다. 특히 우리나라의 경우 선진국과 상호인정협정을 체결하거나 3국 모두 상호인정협정을 체결하지 않는 상황이 최적으로 나타난다.

• Journal of Information Science Theory and Practice
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.79-88
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• 2023

This study aimed to develop an ontology for Thai country songs by using the seven steps of an ontology development process. Hozo-Ontology Editor software and Ontology Application Management Framework were tools used in this study. Nine classes of ontology were identified: song, singer, emotion, author, language used, language type, song style, original, and content, and it was found that the song class had a relationship with all of the other classes. The developed ontology was evaluated by seeking opinions from experts in the field of Thai country songs, who agreed that the ontology was highly effective. Additionally, the evaluation employed the knowledge retrieval concept, and the precision, recall, and overall effectiveness were measured, with a precision of 92.59%, a recall of 86.21%, and an overall effectiveness (F-measure) of 89.28%. These results indicate that the developed ontology is highly effective in describing the scope of knowledge of Thai country songs.

• 환경정책연구
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.1-28
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• 2007

한 국가의 환경오염이 정치적 경계선에 불과한 국경에 한정되지 않고 인접국 또는 지구의 환경에 직 간접적인 영향을 미치기 때문에, 역으로 지구환경보호에 관한 국제적 논의결과는 곧바로 국내 환경법과 환경정책에 영향을 미치게 된다. 국제환경법은 '차별적 공동책임'이라는 원칙하에 선진국과 개발도상국 간의 차별적인 의무체계를 형성하고 있다. 차별적 공동책임은 모든 국가에게 공동의 환경보호책임을 확인하면서도 지구환경문제에 대한 선진국과 개발도상국 간의 역사적 책임의 차이와 환경문제를 다룰 수 있는 경제적 기술적 능력의 차이를 인정하여 국제의무를 차별화한다는 것이다. 그 예로써 선진국의 개발도상국에 대한 환경기술이전과 재정 지원 등이 논의되어 왔다. 문제는 우리나라의 지위이다. 선진국과 개발도상국의 지위에 따른 국제환경의무의 차이만큼이나 우리나라의 국제적 환경정책 또한 달라질 것이기 때문이다. 그 어느 국제법도 선진국과 개발도상국의 구분 기준을 명확히 확립하지 못하였다. WTO는 개발도상국 지위결정을 자기선택에 맡기고 있으며, 국제환경법에서는 협상능력에 따라 그 지위가 좌우되곤 한다. 결국 일반국제법 차원에서 우리나라의 지위가 고정될 수 없으며 정부는 선진국 또는 개발도상국의 지위를 전략적 차원에서 선택할 수 있다. 우리나라가 스스로 개발도상국임을 주장하여 국제의무의 부담을 줄이는 것도 좋은 선택일 수 있겠지만, 각종 경제지표 및 환경오염지표에서 10위권을 유지하고 있는 우리나라의 규모에 비추어볼 때 우리나라의 현실은 선진국에 가깝다고 보여진다. 친환경기술 및 상품의 개발이라는 적극적 정책이 개도국 주장이라는 방어적 정책보다 우선이다.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제17권8호
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• pp.5-14
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• 2019

Purpose - This study aims to proposes a conceptual framework to segment multi-national products based on a Chinese consumer's perception of multi-national products, to find the role of consumer ethnocentrism (CET) in country of origin (COO) effects for Chinese, and to figure out how different dimension of CET Effects on purchase intention developed market and home country. Research design, data and methodology - This study selected a 2×2×2 factorial design for the hypothesis test based on the product category × combination of manufactured type × Ethnocentrism level. This study distinguishes products between luxury (Burberry) and non-luxury (Nike) products and choose combination of manufactured type (Spain vs India/ Spain vs China) in order to perform comparative studies. A total of 223 Chinese participated in the experiment. After being exposed to each scenario, participants were asked to respond to questions about brand preference and purchase intention Results - Regarding to luxury made in developed country, it is worth that exposing COO information to low level of ethnocentrism consumers. Regarding to non-luxury product made in emerging country, it makes it worse when COO information to high level of ethnocentrism consumers. Lastly, regarding to non-luxury product, patriotic consumers prefer to purchase product made in home country.

• International Journal of Quality Innovation
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.119-127
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• 2008

In this paper, we survey Six Sigma in Korea company real fields. Six Sigma itself are developed depend on each company culture and strategy. Our country has been more than 10 years since introduced Six Sigma in our country. Each company which work six Sigma are developed differ way depending on his company situation. Our country Six Sigma in our country is necessary to survey and analysis. Firstly, we survey how to use Six Sigma. Next, we survey to find success factor and failure factor by reports published by company and papers by published in journals.

• 융합경영연구
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.15-23
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• 2019

Purpose - This describes a comparative study about the Online banking system between developing country (Bangladesh) and developed country (South Korea). Research design, data, and Methodology - Use comparison as the descriptive situation, secondary data were used to determine the differences between both countries with respect to Online banking. And also show the representative cases of online banking, kakao bank and bKash. Result - The results showed that the data indicate that both nations are dissimilar in providing basic and additional services offered by their traditional commercial banks. And different cultures and traditions in financial industry will play a major role in the adaption and development of online banking industry among different nations. Belief on lack of effort on educating the consumers toward online banking further affected the usability of online banking in both countries. Conclusions - this comparative study provides insightful guidelines for the future development of online banking industry in developing nations and worldwide. Also, managerial and empirical implications are discussed with suggestions for future research.

• 산학경영연구
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• 제15권
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• pp.133-152
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• 2002

본 연구에서는 원산지가 소비자의 제품 선호도에 미치는 영향을 규명하고 이를 소비자의 정보처리 관점에서 상표원산지와 생산원산지 정보의 일치성(congruity)으로 설명하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 상표는 같지만 국가를 달리한 제품을 사진으로 나타낸 실험자극을 개발하여 응답자에게 제시하고 제품의 선호도를 측정하였다. 제품은 관여도, 이성-감성, 사적-공적 개념 특성을 반영하여 녹음기, 스포츠화, 화장품, 휴지를 선정하였으며, 원산지로는 선진국(미국, 일본, 프랑스), 한국, 후진국(말레이시아)를 선정하였다. 원산지간 선호도 차이를 분석하기 위하여 다변량 반복측정방법을 선택하였으며, 두 제품간의 선호도 차이를 위하여 paired-t 검증이 사용되었다. 실증분석 결과 저관여이면서 사적 제품으로 판단되는 휴지를 제외하고 모든 제품에서 선진국 상표와 제품이 선호되었다. 즉, 다양한 제품특성을 반영한 제품군에서 원산지 효과가 있음을 보여 주었다. 그리고 제품선호도에서 상표원산지와 생산원산지 간에 정보 일치성(congruity)에 차이가 있는 지를 규명하였는데 상표원산지와 생산원산지간에 정보일치성이 있는 경우가 그렇지 않은 경우에 비하여 보다 선호성이 높은 것으로 나타나 원산지의 정보 일치성이 제품선호도에 있어 중요한 영향요인임을 보여주었다. 본 연구는 다양한 제품특성의 반영과 정보 일치성으로 원산지효과를 이해하게 하는 데 기여하여 원산지효과의 일반화 가능성을 높여 줄 수 있다고 판단된다.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제11권7호
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• pp.47-56
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• 2013

Purpose - In the academic literature, the researches on a comparative study on purchase behaviors of the consumers from emerging and mature markets remain limited. Therefore, this empirical study is attempted to examine the effects of country of origin (COO), brand image and corporate image on the purchase behavior of Chinese consumers (as from emerging market) and Korean consumers (as from mature market). Research Design, data, methodology - In total, 615 valid questionnaires were collected from the main cities of China and Korea respectively, and a multiple group analysis was conducted to test the hypotheses with SPSS 16.0 and AMOS18.0. Results - Chinese consumers are not influenced by country-of-origin effect, whereas Korean consumers are sensitive to it. Both Chinese and Korean consumers are sensitive to brand image, whereas corporate image does appear to influence Chinese consumers but not Korean consumers. The effects of country-of-origin are not more influential in less developed market (China) than more developed market (Korea). Conclusions - According to the results of this empirical study, the country-of-origin effect does impact Korean consumers but not Chinese consumers' purchase behavior. Therefore, multinational companies are relatively free to make the decision, if Chinese consumers are the marketing targets, when choosing manufacturing sites.

• 무역학회지
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.29-43
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• 2019

This study aims to estimate the economic effect of Korea's transition to a developed country in WTO negotiations. If Korea develops into an advanced country, it must give up many advantages in the agricultural sector. In particular, limiting the scope of sensitive items, giving up the selection of special items, and drastic tariff reductions are expected to have greater negative effects on the agricultural sector. According to research results, Korea's GDP rose slightly from 0.2 to 0.8 percent following the DDA settlement. Especially when China is classified as an advanced country along with Korea, Korea's GDP appears to be growing even more. On the other hand, damage is expected in most areas of agriculture. The trade deficit in the agriculture sector is expected to widen as output in the agricultural sector decreases, and import growth exceeds export growth. In the non-agricultural sector, there are no significant differences in the change in WTO status. However, if China is grouped together as an advanced country, the export growth rate of the Korean manufacturing industry appears greater.