• Toxicological Research
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.45-50
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to determine the role of substituted groups in phenolic compounds to develop an anticancer agent having strong cytotoxicity against cancer cells but weak against normal cells. The phenolic compounds used in this study were gallic acid and ferulic acid with hydroxyl and carboxyl groups, syringic acid with hydroxyl, carboxyl and methoxy groups, and pyre-gallol with hydroxyl groups. Cytotoxicities of these compounds were evaluated by MTT assay for cell viability and XTT assay for cell adhesion activity in normal human skin fibroblast (Detroit 551) and human skin melanoma (SK-MEL-3) cells. Syringic acid, gallic acid and ferulic acid decreased the cell viability and cell adhesion activity in SK-MEL-3 cells but not in Detroit 551 cells while pyrogallol decreased in both cells. The susceptibility of cell viability based on the $IC_{50}$ values of MTT assay in Detroit 551 cells was in the following order: pyrogallol > gallic acid > ferulic acid > syringic acid, while it was in SK-MEL-3 cells: Syringic acid > progallol > ferulic acid > gallic acid. These results suggest that carboxyl and methoxy groups of these compounds play an important role in selectivity of cytotoxicity in normal and cancer cells.

• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.77-85
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• 2006

2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-$\rho$-dioxin(TCDD) displays high toxicity in animals and has been implicated in human carcinogenesis. Although TCDD is recognized as potent carcinogens, relatively little is known about their role in the tumor promotion and carcinogenesis. It is known that TCDD can increase of cancer risk from various types of tissue by a mechanism possibly involving the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activation. In this study, effects of TCDD on cellular proliferation of normal human skin and lung fibroblasts, Detroit551 and WI38 cells were investigated. In addition, to enhance our understanding of TCDD-mediated carcinogenesis, we have investigated process in which expression of Erk1/2, cyclinD1, oncogene such as Ha-ras and c-myc, and their cognate signaling pathway. TCDD that are potent activators of AhR-mediated activity was found to induce significant increase of cytochrome P4501A1 mRNA expression, suggesting a presence of functional AhR. These results support that CYP1A1 enzyme may be involved in the generation of TCDD-induced toxicity. Moreover mitogen-activated protein kinases (MARKs) phosphorylation and cyclin D1 overexpression are induced by TCDD, which corresponded with the progression of cellular proliferation. However, TCDD did not affected Ha-ras and c-myc mRNA expression. Taken together, it seems that TCDD are could be a part of cellular proliferation in non-tumorigenic normal human cells such as Detroit551 and WI38 cells through the upregulation of MAPKs signaling pathway regulating growth of cell population. Therefore, AhR-activating TCDD could potentially contribute to tumor promotion and Detroit551 and WI38 cells have been used as a detection system of tumorigenic effects of TCDD.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.171-175
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• 2004

젖소 초유 유청을 ultrafiltration으로서 30kDa 사이의 IGF-I rich fraction을 분획하였다. 분획한 IGF-I rich fraction은 SDS-PAGE와 Western blotting으로 IGF-I이 존재하는 것을 확인하였고, sandwich ELISA로써 그 함량을 측정한 결과 fraction중 IGF-I의 함량은 단백질 mg당 10ng으로 나타났다. IGF-I rich fraction으로 IEC-6, Detroit 551, EL-4 및 L6 in vitro세포의 증식에 미치는 효과를 실험한 결과 IEC-6 cell은 IGF-I 기준으로 10ng, 1 ng, 0.1ng, 0.01ng에서 각각 대조구에 비해서 60%, 53%, 30 그리고 20%의 세포증식효과를 나타내었다. IEC-6의 증식은 ICF-I의 투여량이 증가할수록 세포의 증식효과가 더 높게 나타났다. Detroit 551 cell은 10ng과 1ng수준에서 각각 56%와 26%의 세포증식 효과를 나타내었다. 그리고 EL-4 cell과 L6 cell은 10ng 수준에서 각각 53%와 46%의 세포증식 효과를 나타내었다. 모든 세포주에서 IGF-I 함유농도가 10 ng 투여구에서 세포 증식율이 가장 높았으며 IEC-6 cell, Detroit 551 및 EL-4 cell은 모두 약 60%의 세포 성장률을 나타내었고 L6 cell은 약 50%의 성장률을 보였다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.437-446
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• 1999

Porphyromonas endodontalis(P. endodontalis) is one of the important causative bacteria of pulpal and periapical disease. P. endodontalis has lipopolysaccharide(LPS) and it plays a major role in stimulating the synthesis and release of cytokines from immune cells and prostaglandin $E_2$ from host cells. The purpose of this study is to prepare LPS from P. endodontalis and to evaluate the effect of LPS on membrane permeability of fibroblast. P. endodontalis ATCC 35406 was cultured in anaerobic condition, and LPS was extracted. LPS was confirmed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Human periodontal ligament cell, colon fibroblast(CCD-18Co, KCLB 21459) and skin fibroblast(Detroit 551, KCLB 10110) were perfused with 0.01% P. endodontalis LPS solution, high concentration of $K^+$ solution and $Ca^{2+}$-free solution, $Ca^{2+}$ concentration ratio was measured by microfluorometry. 1. Intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ concentration was not changed in human periodontal fibroblast and skin fibroblast(Detroit 551) stimulated by P. endodontalis LPS. 2. Intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ concentration was increased in colon fibroblast(CCD-18Co) stimulated by P. endodontalis LPS. 3. Colon fibroblast(CCD-18Co) has voltage dependent $Ca^{2+}$ channel activated by high concentration of $K^+$ solution. 4. P. endodontalis LPS has no effect on the increase of intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ concentration during perfusion of $Ca^{2+}$-free solution.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.166-177
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• 2018

Plant essential oils are defined as fragrant volatile oils extracted from leaves, stems, fruits, flowers, and roots of a plant. Such oils are composed of multiple components and multiple functions. By accumulation of inductive information, various plant essential oils have been studied for using in therapeutic medicine for various diseases. Despite of the apparent advantages of essential oils as a source of therapeutic medicines, plant essential oils have many limitations, including cytotoxic side effects. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the toxicity and the mechanisms of cytotoxicity of such oils. In this study, we evaluated the cytotoxicity to human-derived cell lines of 10 plant essential oils provided by National Institute of Forest Science (i.e., Larix kaempferi; Abies holophylla; Zanthoxylum ailanthoides; Pinus parviflora; Tsuga sieboldti; Chamaecyparis pisifera; Cryptomeria japonica; Pinus densiflora; Illicium anisatum; Pinus thunbergii). Cytotoxicity evaluations were accomplished by using CCK-assays and PCR-based cytotoxicity-related marker gene analyses with A549 cell line, and the Detroit551 cell line which are lung and skin cell line. The genes were analyzed included caspase-3 has a role in cell apoptosis, and the other cyclinA, cyclinB, cyclinD, and cyclinE regulated cell cycling for the cell proliferation. By examining the five cytotoxicity-related marker genes by performing real-time PCR and examined the cytostatic gene regulation associated with the various essential oils. The results of this study showed that the degree of cytotoxicity and the cytostatic gene regulation which could give precious information for using the plant essential oil for the clinical usages.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.115-119
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• 2008

This study was done to evaluate the antioxidant effect of Crataegi Fructus (CF) extract on the oxidative stress induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS), The human skin fibroblasts (Detroit 551) were cultured with various concentrations of hydrogen peroxide $(H_2O_2)$. The cytotoxicity of $H_2O_2-induced$ oxidative stress was performed by XTT assay for the cell viability according to the dose- and time-dependent treatment. For the protective effect of CF extract on $H_2O_2-mediated$ oxidative stress, cell viability, lactate dehydroganase (LDH) activity, and ferric thiocyanate (FTC) assay for the inhibitive activity of lipid peroxidation on CF extract were carried out. In this study, $H_2O_2-mediated$ oxidative stress was decreased cell viability dose-, and time-dependent manner and increased LDH activity compared with the control in these cultures. In the protective effect, CF extract increased cell viability and decreased LDH activity on $H_2O_2-mediated$ oxidative stress, especially, CF extract has antioxidant effect by the showing the inhibitive activity of lipid peroxidation by FTC assay. From these results, It is suggested that $H_2O_2-mediated$ oxidative stress was highly toxic, and also, CF extract showed the protective effect on $H_2O_2-mediated$ oxidative stress by showing the increased cell viability, decreased LDH activity and lipid peroxidation inhibition in these cultures.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.205-212
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• 2021

본 연구는 피부 섬유아세포에 자외선을 조사하거나 TNF-α를 처리하면 세포에 따라 MMP-1의 발현이 다르게 나타나는데, 이것이 MMP-1 프로모터의 다형성에 의해서 나타남을 밝히기 위해 수행되었다. 시판하는 23 종의 primary 섬유아세포에 대하여 MMP-1 프로모터의 -1607 부위의 유전형을 분석한 결과 6 개의 1G/1G 유전형, 10 개의 1G/2G 유전형, 7 개의 2G/2G 유전형을 가진 섬유아세포를 확인할 수 있었다. Hs68과 Detroit 551 세포주는 1G/2G 유전형을 가지는 것으로 확인되었다. 1G/1G 유전형은 TNF-α 처리에 의해 대조군에 비해 MMP-1이 2 배 높게 발현되었으며, 자외선에 의해서는 거의 발현되지 않았다. 1G/2G 유전형의 경우는 TNF-α 처리에 의해 MMP-1이 2.45 배 높게 발현되었으며, 자외선에 의해서는 1.4 배 MMP-1이 발현되었다. 2G/2G 유전형의 경우는 TNF-α 처리에 의해 MMP-1이 1.35 배 발현되었으며, 자외선에 의해서는 2.5 배로 높게 발현되었다. 즉 1G 유전형은 TNF-α에 의해, 2G 유전형은 자외선에 의해 발현이 유도되는 것으로 추정할 수 있으며, -1607 위치에 하나 더 삽입된 G에 의해서 Ets 전사인자가 결합할 수 있는 site가 만들어져서 MMP-1의 발현이 증가한다고 추정할 수 있으며, 피부 노화와 관련하여 섬유아세포에서는 이에 대한 연구가 전혀 진행되어 있지 않아서 향후 추가로 연구되어야 할 부분이다. 피부는 내인성 노화와 광노화의 영향을 동시에 받는 기관이므로, 피부 노화를 개선하기 위한 타겟으로 MMP-1의 발현을 분석할 경우에는 실험 조건에 적합한 유전형을 가지는 세포를 선택하여 연구를 진행하는 전략을 세워야 할 필요성이 대두된다.