• Atmosphere
• /
• v.33 no.1
• /
• pp.61-72
• /
• 2023

Accurate estimation of forest carbon stocks is important in establishing greenhouse gas reduction plans. In this study, we estimate the spatial distribution of forest carbon stocks using machine learning techniques based on high-resolution remote sensing data and detailed field survey data. The high-resolution remote sensing data used in this study are Landsat indices (EVI, NDVI, NDII) for monitoring vegetation vitality and Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) data for describing topography. We also used the forest growing stock data from the National Forest Inventory (NFI) for estimating forest biomass. Based on these data, we built a model based on machine learning methods and optimized for Korean forest types to calculate the forest carbon stocks per grid unit. With the newly developed estimation model, we created forest carbon stocks maps and estimated the forest carbon stocks in South Korea. As a result, forest carbon stock in South Korea was estimated to be 432,214,520 tC in 2020. Furthermore, we estimated the loss of forest carbon stocks due to the Donghae-Uljin forest fire in 2022 using the forest carbon stock map in this study. The surrounding forest destroyed around the fire area was estimated to be about 24,835 ha and the loss of forest carbon stocks was estimated to be 1,396,457 tC. Our model serves as a tool to estimate spatially distributed local forest carbon stocks and facilitates accounting of real-time changes in the carbon balance as well as managing the LULUCF part of greenhouse gas inventories.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
• /
• 2020.12a
• /
• pp.149-156
• /
• 2020

Blast furnace revamping in steel industry is one of the most important work to complete the complicated equipment within a short period of time based on the interfaces of various types of work. P company has planned to build a Smart Tracking System based on the wireless tag system with the aim of complying with the construction period and reducing costs, ahead of the revamping of blast furnace scheduled for construction in February next year. It combines the detailed design data with the wireless recognition technology to grasp the stage status of design, storage and installation. Then, it graphically displays the location information of each member in relation to the plan and the actual status in connection with Building Information Modeling (BIM) 4D Simulation. QR Code is used as a wireless tag in order to check the receiving status of core equipment considering the characteristics of each item. Then, DB in server system is built, status information is input. By implementing BIM 4D Simulation data using DELMIA, the information on location and status is provided. As a feature of the S/W function, a function for confirming the items will be added to the cellular phone screen in order to improve the accuracy of tagging of the items. Accuracy also increases by simultaneous processing of storage and location tagging. The most significant effect of building this system is to minimize errors in construction by preventing erroneous operation of members. This system will be very useful for overall project management because the information about the position and progress of each critical item can be visualized in real time. It could be eventually lead to cost reduction of project management.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
• /
• v.59 no.4
• /
• pp.399-406
• /
• 2023

This study presents an analysis of bycatch data concerning Pacific white-sided dolphins (Lagenorhynchus obliquidens) along the Korean coast from 2016 to 2021. A total of 503 bycatches were examined, encompassing data on year, month, body length, sex, latitude (N), longitude (E), and fishing gear. Bycatch was the most frequent in waters with a longitude of less than 130°E, particularly in the southern coastal region at a latitude of 35.5°N, with a higher likelihood of bycatch in lower latitudes. Since 2017, a decreasing trend in bycatches has been observed. The sex distribution of bycaught dolphins showed a predominance of males (40%), followed by females (31%), with an unclassified category at 29%, though no statistically significant differences were found (p > 0.05). Seasonal analysis indicated that bycatch predominantly occurred during the winter months, with significant monthly variations (p < 0.01). Pacific white-sided dolphins were primarily ensnared in gill nets and, to a lesser extent, in stationary nets. Statistical analysis by gear type revealed a significant preference for gill nets (p < 0.001). Considering body length composition in relation to latitude, it is suggested that Pacific white-sided dolphins may utilize the southern waters of the East Sea as a potential nursery ground, though this was not confirmed at a significant level, emphasizing the need for further in-depth monitoring and ecological investigations. Given that there are approximately 27 different types of gill nets associated with the majority of bycatches, more detailed research is warranted to divide these gear types into finer subcategories for estimating bycatch relationships, ultimately leading to the development of effective conservation and management strategies.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
• /
• v.26 no.4
• /
• pp.185-189
• /
• 2023

Purpose: Limited research has been conducted on the prevalence of non-medical opioid use (NMOU) in Korean cancer patients who have received prescription opioids (PO). This study aimed to identify the potential proportion of NMOU in cancer patients who had been prescribed opioids in Korea. Methods: A retrospective cohort analysis was conducted on 14,728 patients who underwent cancer-related treatment between January 2009 and December 2019, using electronically collected data from a tertiary hospital in Korea. Information regarding the type and duration of opioid use was gathered. A detailed review of medical charts was carried out, focusing on patients who had been prescribed opioids for over 60 days beyond a 12-month period following the completion of their cancer treatment (long-term PO users). Results: Out of the 5,587 patients who were prescribed PO and followed up for at least 12 months, 13 cases of NMOU were identified, representing 0.23% of the patient population. Among the 204 long-term PO users, the rate was 6.37% (13/204). The most commonly misused opioids were oxycodone and fentanyl. For the group confirmed to have NMOU, the median duration of prescription was 1,327 days in total. Of the 13 patients diagnosed with NMOU, 9 reported withdrawal symptoms, 3 exhibited craving behavior for opioids, and 1 experienced both symptoms. Conclusion: This study found that 0.23% of cancer patients who had been prescribed opioids in Korea demonstrated NMOU. Despite this relatively low rate, careful monitoring is necessary to minimize the risk of NMOU in this population, especially among long-term PO users.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
• /
• v.51 no.3
• /
• pp.381-401
• /
• 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to understand the perception of medical staff to propose an infected patient transport robot as a means of responding to infectious diseases. Methods: The data collected through the survey was analyzed through AHP analysis. The measurement tools used in this study were derived through the SERVQUAL model and Focus Group Interview(FGI), and consisted of four detailed questions for each of five classes: tangible, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy. Results: As a result of the study, there are concerns about risk factors that may occur in areas where medical staff intervention is minimized. Above all, we confirmed the consensus that safety should be the top priority during the process of robots to transport patients. In particular, highlighted were the resolution of device errors that may occur during the process for transporting patients and easy provision of the first aid. Additionally, the ability to monitor patients and suppress infection factors turned out to be important, which was directly related to the simplification of the role of medical staff and work efficiency. Conclusion: As one of the means of effectively controlling infectious diseases in a pandemic situation, a robot to transport the infected patient was considered. However, in order to commercialize this, specific verification of the safety of medical staff and patients is needed, and empirical data on providing the first aid, patient monitoring, and infection factor suppression should be presented.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
• /
• v.48 no.3
• /
• pp.162-166
• /
• 2023

Background: Assessment of the radiation doses to which workers are exposed can differ depending on the placement of dosimeters on the body. In addition, it is affected by whether the placement is under or over a shielding apron. This study aimed to evaluate the actual positioning of personal dosimeters on the body, with or without shielding aprons, among radiation workers in Korea. Materials and Methods: We analyzed the survey data, which included demographic characteristics, such as sex, age, occupation, work history, and placement of the personal dosimeter being worn, from a cohort study of Korean radiation workers. We assessed the use of personal dosimeters among workers, stratified by sex, age, working period, starting year of work, and occupation. Results and Discussion: Overall, high compliance (89.1% to 99.0%) with the wearing of dosimeters on the chest was observed regardless of workers' characteristics, such as age, sex, occupation, and work history. However, the placement of dosimeters, either under or over the shielding aprons, was inconsistent. Overall, 40.1% of workers wore dosimeters under their aprons, while the others wore dosimeters over their aprons. This inconsistency indicates that radiation doses are possibly measured differently under the same exposure conditions solely owing to variations in the placement of worn dosimeters. Conclusion: Although a lack of uniformity in dosimeter placement when wearing a shielding apron may not cause serious harm in radiation dose management for workers, the development of detailed guidelines for dosimeter placement may improve the accuracy of dose assessment.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
• /
• v.35 no.1
• /
• pp.127-148
• /
• 2024

This study aimed to propose considerations for attributes and their standardization strategies during the data collection process for electronic publications by domestic distributors for the National Library of Korea. The research identified a total of 21 essential and optional attributes based on a survey and a Focused Group Interview (FGI) with the staff responsible for legal deposit and acquisition tasks at the National Library of Korea. Additional attributes were found necessary during the data quality verification process, leading to the specification of essential and optional attributes for various types of materials, including eBooks, audiobooks, webtoons, and web novels. The standardization of attribute values, essential for enhancing the identifiability and management efficiency of electronic publications, included adherence to ISO 8601 rules for dates and times, clear designation of limited-range attribute values such as file format and adult content, and detailed description of information related to titles. Furthermore, the study highlighted the need for establishing standardized metadata requirements and continuous data quality management and monitoring systems.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
• /
• v.50 no.2
• /
• pp.125-137
• /
• 2024

Background: The Korea Risk Information Surveillance System (K-RISS) was developed to enable the early detection of food and drug safety-related issues. Its goal is to deliver real-time risk indicators generated from ongoing food and drug risk monitoring. However, the existing K-RISS system suffers under several limitations. Objectives: This study aims to augment K-RISS with more detailed indicators and establish a severity standard that takes into account structural changes in the daily time series of K-RISS values. Methods: First, a Delphi survey was conducted to derive the required weights. Second, a control chart, commonly used in statistical process controls, was utilized to detect outliers and establish caution, attention, and serious levels for K-RISS values. Furthermore, Bai and Perron's method was employed to determine structural changes in K-RISS time series. Results: The study incorporated 'closeness to life' and 'sustainability' indicators into K-RISS. It obtained the necessary weights through a survey of experts for integrating variables, combining indicators by data source, and aggregating sub K-RISS values. We defined caution, attention, and serious levels for both average and maximum values of daily K-RISS. Furthermore, when structural changes were detected, leading to significant variations in daily K-RISS values according to different periods, the study systematically verified these changes and derived respective severity levels for each period. Conclusions: This study enhances the existing K-RISS system and introduces more advanced indicators. K-RISS is now more comprehensively equipped to serve as a risk warning index. The study has paved the way for an objective determination of whether the food safety risk index surpasses predefined thresholds through the application of severity levels.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.257-270
• /
• 2024

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to analyze the changes in the business environment, business conditions, and detailed indicators related to management of Korea's port industry companies as global supply chains have been reorganized since the shock of COVID-19 in 2020 and uncertainties in the global economy have expanded. Design/methodology/approach - This study use the business survey index of the port industry to analyze. It is a weighted BSI with the weight of workers applied. Findings - Since 2020 the BSI in the port industry including business conditions, sales unit price, profitability, and financial conditions fluctuated, but it has been generally above normal level(100). During the analysis period, the BSI for export sales was found to be better than that of domestic sales. Employment BSI was generally stable, and in the case of facility BSI, the port industry was shown to be very active in facility investment. Research implications or Originality - First, it is necessary to make manpower training systems to cultivate experts in the port industry to cope with uncertainties caused by the rapidly changing global economy and the global supply chain environment. Second, it is necessary to support for investment in technology and facilities for automation and smartization. Finally, it is necessary to establish a continuous monitoring system for the business conditions.

• The Korean journal of internal medicine
• /
• v.39 no.1
• /
• pp.7-24
• /
• 2024

Post-tuberculosis lung disease (PTLD) is emerging as a significant area of global interest. As the number of patients surviving tuberculosis (TB) increases, the subsequent long-term repercussions have drawn increased attention due to their profound clinical and socioeconomic impacts. A primary obstacle to its comprehensive study has been its marked heterogeneity. The disease presents a spectrum of clinical manifestations which encompass tracheobronchial stenosis, bronchiectasis, granulomas with fibrosis, cavitation with associated aspergillosis, chronic pleural diseases, and small airway diseases-all persistent consequences of PTLD. The spectrum of symptoms a patient may experience varies based on the severity of the initial infection and the efficacy of the treatment received. As a result, the long-term management of PTLD necessitates a detailed and specific approach, addressing each manifestation individually-a tailored strategy. In the immediate aftermath (0-12 months after anti-TB chemotherapy), there should be an emphasis on monitoring for relapse, tracheobronchial stenosis, and smoking cessation. Subsequent management should focus on addressing hemoptysis, managing infection including aspergillosis, and TB-associated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or restrictive lung function. There remains a vast expanse of knowledge to be discovered in PTLD. This review emphasizes the pressing need for comprehensive, consolidated guidelines for management of patients with PTLD.