• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제63권5호
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• pp.614-622
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• 2020

Objective : The method of approach during transforaminal endoscopic lumbar discectomy (TELD) has been the subject of repeated study. However, the ideal entry point during TELD has not been studied in detail. Therefore, this study investigated the ideal entry point for avoiding complications using computed tomography (CT) scans obtained from patients in the prone position. Methods : Using CT scans obtained from patients in the prone position, we checked for retroperitoneal or visceral violations and measured the angles of approach with five conventional approach lines drawn on axial CT scans at each disc space level (L2-3, L3-4, and L4-5). We also determined the ideal entry point distance and approach angles for avoiding retroperitoneal or visceral violations. Correlation analysis was performed to identify the patient characteristics related to the ideal entry point properties. Results : We found that the far lateral approach at the L2-3 level resulted in high rates of visceral violation. However, rates of visceral violation at the L3-4 and L4-5 levels were remarkably low or absent. The ideal angles of approach decreased moving caudally along the spine, and the ideal entry point distances increased moving caudally along the spine. Weight, body mass index (BMI), and the depth of the posterior vertebral line from the skin were positively associated with the distance of the ideal entry point from the midline. Conclusion : We reviewed the risk of the extreme lateral approach by analyzing rates of retroperitoneal and visceral violations during well-known methods of approach. We suggested an ideal entry point at each level of the lumbar spine and found a positive correlation between the distance of the entry point to the midline and patient characteristics such as BMI, weight, and the depth of the posterior vertebral line from the skin.

• 대한전자공학회논문지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.27-39
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• 1967

강유전재료로서 가장 대표적이며 전자부품으로서 많이 사용되는 것 중의 하나인 titan 산 barium 자기 capacitor의 제조방법과 그 특성을 기술하였다. 산화 titanium과 탄산 barium을 1:1 mole비로 하고 이에 몇가지의 광화제를 첨가해서 소성한 어떤 자기결정의 전기적특성은 표준치와 잘 일치하였으며 절록저항, 온도계수 및 흡수율은 일반적으로 볼 수 있는 치를 많이 넘었다. 이러한 특성을 낼 수 있는 적당한 제조방법을 알아낼 수 있었다.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.7-11
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• 2013

Objective: Pharmacopuncture, a new therapy in traditional medicine, has attracted significant attention since its introduction to the Western world. This short review article employs a database analysis to examine the profile of publication activity related to pharmacopuncture. Methods: Three databases were searched: PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane. About 300 papers related to the topic "pharmacopuncture" were found in these three most-commonly-used databases. Results: Fourteen papers are described in detail and are discussed in the context of the research performed at the Medical University of Graz, especially by the Frank Bahr Research Group "Auriculomedicine and Pharmacopuncture." Conclusion: High-tech research methods concerning future pharmacopuncture studies are briefly discussed.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.35-42
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to comprehensively re-interpret the garments that emphasize a phallus such as codpiece throughout history. Perspective to understand the codpiece is extremely limited in most studies, thus it could be refocused in historical perspectives, formative point of views, and from a psychological point of view from various angles. A literature study of research methods and case studies were combined in order to investigate the emphasis of phallus' appearing in costumes. The following results were obtained. First of all, in length, the form of emphasizing a phallus tended to be distorted as it was protruding. Secondly, in area and volume, the forms of the phallus were mostly exaggerated or expanded. For the last, it drew strong attention with particular detail to the phallus, such as ribbons and swordbelts. The symbolic meaning of various garments with which emphasized a phallus has changed in social context through history. Doubtlessly, it represents patriarchal ideology. Also, it expresses dramatic eroticism due to the theory of immodesty. However, the meaning of it becomes more decentralized through reinterpretation of ideal male suits for modern society and turns into a representational tool of sub-culture. In addition, it could broaden out the new way of fashion expression.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제15권9호
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• pp.5870-5876
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• 2014

본 연구의 목적은 효과적인 건축 MEP(Mechanic, Electric and Plumbing) 파이프 객체 역설계 자동화를 위한 시스템 아키텍처를 제안하고, 프로토타입 개발을 통해 역설계 기술에서 향후 개선할 점을 도출하는 것이다. 이를 위해 역설계 작업에 필요한 요구사항, 유스케이스, 기능 및 클래스를 도출하였다. 도출된 기능을 바탕으로 건축 MEP파이프 객체 역설계를 위한 아키텍처를 설계하였으며, 시스템의 정적 구조, 알고리즘을 설계하였다. 제안된 시스템 아키텍처를 기반으로 한 프로토타입 개발 연구를 통해 향후 개선할 점을 도출하였으며, 일반적인 파이프 유형은 RANSAC(RANdom SAmple Consensus)등 일반적인 역설계 방법으로 처리가 가능하지만, 이형 파이프와 대용량 데이터 처리를 위한 공간 인덱싱 기반 LOD(Level Of Detail)기법이 별도로 고려될 필요가 있다는 것을 확인하였다.

• 전력전자학회:학술대회논문집
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• 전력전자학회 2004년도 전력전자학술대회 논문집(1)
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• pp.117-120
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• 2004

As the maximum power operating point (MPOP) of photovoltaic (PV) power generation systems changes with varying atmospheric conditions such as solar radiation and temperature, an important consideration in the design of efficient PV system is to track the MPOP correctly. Although the efficiency of these Maximum Power Point Tracking algorithms is usually high, it drops noticeably in case of rapidly changing atmospheric conditions. This paper describes common MPPT control algorithm: Constant Voltage Control, Perturbation and Observation(P&O), Incremental Conductance (IncCnd) and proposes a new MPPT algorithm based on P&O algorithm. The conception and control principles of the proposed MPPT method are explained in detail and its validity of the proposed method is verified through several simulated results. As it doesn't use digital signal processor, this MPPT method has the merits of both a cost efficiency and a simple control circuit design. Therefore, it is considered that the proposed MPPT method is proper to low power, low cost PV applications.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.129-142
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• 2002

The Kyeongbok Palace was completely renewed during the reign of King Sejong, the fourth King of the Joseon Dynasty(1392-1910). The repair was done for the two main purpose; one was to obtain the dignity of the main palace of the dynasty, the other was to make the palace suitable for the performing of the various ritual ceremonies. It was under the reign of King Sejong that every detail of the procedure of the royal ritual ceremony. The procedure of ritual ceremony changed the buildings of the palace. The quarter of Sajeong-jeon, King's office, was changed remarkably from the original form as the building became the beginning and ending point of King's moving during the ritual ceremonies. The site of the palace had ill reputation from the point of geomancy since its establishment. King Sejong ignored the rumor and kept the palace as usual. In his later year's, Sejong had tried to build a detached quarter and a Buddhist shrine in the palace. But he had to give up his plan because of the retainer's strong opposition. The original layout of the Kyeongbok Palace could be remained as the King renounced his controversial personal wish. King Sejong deserves a full credit for the establishment of the Kyeongbok Palace as the main palace of the Joseon Dynasty.

• 환경정책연구
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.95-117
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• 2004

This study was conducted to estimate nitrogen discharge from Korea (southern part of Korean peninsula) as NPS(non-point source) by mass balance approach; input and output analyses of nitrogen using existing data available. The material flow was sectored into three different activities; agricultural (raising crop and animals), human and natural activities in forest and urban areas. Atmospheric deposition, biological nitrogen fixation, inorganic fertilizers and manures applied, animal feed and imported foodstuffs such as crops, meat and fish were the inputs in this study, while ammonia volatilization, denitrification, human and animal waste generation, crop and meat production, and discharge into river to ocean were the outputs. The estimated total nitrogen input was $1,194.5{\times}10^3$ tons N/year and the river discharge was 408 to $422{\times}10^3$ tons N/year, of which 66 to 71% was from NPS. In detail, the estimated NPS discharges were respectively $8,274\;kg\;N/km^2$/year from agricultural area, $730\;kg\;N/km^2$/year from forest and $7,657\;kg\;N/km^2$/year from the other land areas such as urban and industrial area.

• Journal of Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.16-22
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• 2015

This paper presents an automated computer vision-based system to update BIM data by leveraging multi-modal visual data collected from existing buildings under inspection. Currently, visual inspections are conducted for building envelopes or mechanical systems, and auditors analyze energy-related contextual information to examine if their performance is maintained as expected by the design. By translating 3D surface thermal profiles into energy performance metrics such as actual R-values at point-level and by mapping such properties to the associated BIM elements using XML Document Object Model (DOM), the proposed method shortens the energy performance modeling gap between the architectural information in the as-designed BIM and the as-is building condition, which improve the reliability of building energy analysis. Several case studies were conducted to experimentally evaluate their impact on BIM-based energy analysis to calculate energy load. The experimental results on existing buildings show that (1) the point-level thermography-based thermal resistance measurement can be automatically matched with the associated BIM elements; and (2) their corresponding thermal properties are automatically updated in gbXML schema. This paper provides practitioners with insight to uncover the fundamentals of how multi-modal visual data can be used to improve the accuracy of building energy modeling for retrofit analysis. Open research challenges and lessons learned from real-world case studies are discussed in detail.

• 한국IT서비스학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.45-60
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• 2017

The study suggests a contract model of application operation through case study of A bank's IT outsourcing application contract based on workload. The IT outsourcing order form has a problem in that the scope of work is ambiguous due to the integration of operation and maintenance. In this study, application operation and maintenance were separated by referring to application operation history provided in ISO/IEC15504-5 standard. The scope of the IT outsourcing service was clarified by organizing the definition and detail activities of the application operation business. Application operation contract method has generally applied estimation method by the number of input manpower and period by agreement between buyer and client. As there is no activity to calculate the number of input manpower based on the operational work history and based on the standard workload per activity. In this case is not guaranteed due to the simple agreement between the contractors. In this paper, we propose an application operating cost estimation model that measures the size of the operating software using function point analysis that is the basis of application operation tasks. In order to verify the validity of the application operation cost model, we verified the correlation between the application size and the labor cost through regression analysis using SPSS.