• Industry Promotion Research
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.159-166
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• 2024

This study studied the life experiences of story grandmother activities on the meaning of a happy life and positive growth for the elderly through phenomenology. This study period was conducted with pre-interviews from March 2021, and research was conducted until July 2022. As for the research method, 9 elderly women were selected as a Colaizzi phenomenological research method suitable for the work of exploring and understanding life as it is, and the following conclusions were drawn. First, the happiness experience of the elderly provides a life that responds to positive changes, gives positive meaning, and actively discovers in a desire-ful life, a comparative life, and a adaptation and coping happy life. Second, the elderly experienced the meaning of life by experiencing the happiness of moments in the self-realized life of the upward · downward theory. Third, the growth of the elderly is a happy change in PERMAS of positive psychology, pursuing life with positive emotions, immersion, and positively related meaning and purpose of life, and growing while looking at life with achievement and strength. Since this study targets elderly women aged 65 or older who are engaged in story grandmother activities, there is a limit to generalizing the research results, so it is suggested to study the growth process of more diverse age groups and various types of volunteer activities in the future.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.19-28
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• 2013

This study emphasize the importance of founder having knowledge on detecting entrepreneurship opportunities and analyzed how the founder detects such opportunity using what process. I used people who have found and established a company on own as a survey sample. The result is like the following. First, it's found that most founders had business motivation before the establishment and used skills and knowhow from related area of business for their business establishment that led to the comparably safe business. Second, founders were highly motivated in advance of business establishment and it is found that their chance of establishment was not from the coincidence. Third, it is also found that people had pre-education on business establishment was very on purpose and those who had not had any education had a high chance of coincidence in the establishment. Fourth, it is found that higher the desire for the business achievement, more likely that the founder's business establishment was a plan. Fifth, it is found that higher the awareness of business opportunity and vision, more likely that the founder's business establishment was on plan.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.147-157
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between wetland visitors' consciousness of ecology and their needs and thereby, provide for some effective measures to manage them. For this purpose, 3 study points were set up: "wetland visitors' consciousness of ecology and their needs", "differences of such consciousness depending on their demographic variables" and the "relationship between such consciousness and their needs". To this end, Upo Wetland visitors were surveyed for an empirical analysis. The visitors' awareness about ecology was measured with Dunlap's 15-item NEP Inventory, while their needs were analyzed in reference to Maslow's 7-Step Human Desire Ladder. The survey was conducted at Upo Wetland for 3 days, and as a result, a total of 228 questionnaires were returned. The results of this study can be summarized as follows; First, the visitors' consciousness of ecology and their needs were higher than the normal level. In terms of their consciousness of ecology, their awareness of the ecological crisis potential and anti-humanism was highest. In terms of their needs, the aesthetic need was highest, followed by the cognitive one. On the other hand, the needs for self-achievement and self-esteem were lowest; except them, the higher the needs were positioned at Maslow's ladder of desire, and subjects were more responsive to them. As a result of analyzing the correlation between the subjects' consciousness of ecology and their needs, it was found that the correlation was negative in some sub-areas, while being positive in other sub-areas. After all, the ratio of the sub-areas having a positive correlation was as 3 times high as that of the sub-areas having a negative correlation. Even as for the correlation coefficient values, they were higher in the positive sub-areas, which suggests that the correlation between wetland visitors' consciousness of ecology and their needs were positive, although at a lower level, in overall terms. As a result of comparatively analyzing visitors' needs by dividing them into 3 sub-groups depending on the levels of their consciousness of ecology, it was found that the higher their consciousness of ecology was, their needs were higher. Overall, wetland visitors' awareness of ecology was higher than the normal level, and it was estimated that such awareness would continue to increase. Hence, it could be inferred that their needs, particularly, their aesthetic and cognitive ones would continue to increase, too. Accordingly, it is deemed important to manage the wetland landscape making use of its visual resources, while continuing to provide the visitors with the contents fulfilling their need for knowledge.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.235-246
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between botanical garden visitors' ecological consciousness and their needs, in order to provide some effective measures to manage them. For this purpose, 3 study points were set up: "botanical garden visitors' ecological consciousness and their needs", "differences of such consciousness depending on their demographic variables" and the "relationship between such consciousness and their needs". To this end, Botanical garden visitors were surveyed for an empirical analysis. The visitors' awareness about ecology was measured with Dunlap's 15-item NEP Inventory, while their needs were analyzed in reference to Maslow's 7-Step Human Desire Ladder. The survey was conducted at Botanical garden for 3 days. As a result, a total of 360 questionnaires were returned. The results of this study can be summarized as follows; First, the visitors' ecological consciousness and their needs were higher than normal level. In terms of their consciousness of ecology, their awareness of the ecological crisis potential and anti-humanism were the highest. In terms of their needs, the aesthetic need was the highest, followed by the cognitive need. On the other hand, the needs for self-achievement and self-esteem were the lowest; except them, the higher the needs were positioned at Maslow's ladder of desire, the more responsive the subjects became. As a result of analyzing the correlation between the subjects' consciousness of ecology and their needs, it was found that the correlation was negative in some sub-areas, while being positive in other sub-areas. After all, the ratio of the sub-areas having a positive correlation was 3 times higher than that of the sub-areas having a negative correlation. Even as for the correlation coefficient values, they were higher in the positive sub-areas, which suggests that the correlation between wetland visitors' ecological consciousness and their needs was positive, although at a lower level, in overall terms. As a result of comparatively analyzing visitors' needs by dividing them into 3 sub-groups depending on the levels of their ecological consciousness, it was found that the higher their consciousness of ecology was, the higher their needs were. Overall, botanical garden visitors' ecological awareness was higher than the normal level, and it was estimated that such awareness would continue to increase. Hence, it could be inferred that their needs, particularly their aesthetic and cognitive ones, would also continue to increase. Accordingly, it is important to manage the wetland landscape making use of its visual resources, while keep providing the visitors with the contents fulfilling their need for knowledge.

• Journal of Venture Innovation
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.135-156
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• 2022

This study attempted to identify the factors affecting entrepreneurial intention and to confirm the moderating effect of social support that plays a positive role in increasing entrepreneurial intention. The subjects of the study were 419 ordinary people, and data were obtained online and analyzed. The analysis method of this study was based on the SPSS statistical program Ver. 24, and a hierarchical regression analysis method was conducted to analyze the moderating effect. The results of hypothesis verification analysis in this study are as follows. First, innovativeness, risk-taking, self-fulfillment, economic motivation, immersion in a drama, drama role model, and indirect experience, all had a significant positive(+) effect on entrepreneurial intention. Second, among the factors affecting entrepreneurial intention, self-fulfillment was found to have the greatest influence. Third, it was confirmed that the moderating effect of social support between various variables and entrepreneurial intention had a significant effect on innovativeness, self-fulfillment, drama role model, and indirect experience, and entrepreneurial intention. The academic value of this study is to confirm the effect of drama characteristic variables on entrepreneurial intention. In addition, it was possible to confirm the moderating effect of social support, which is the total of individual external support. The implication of this study is that the desire for achievement had the greatest influence on entrepreneurial intention. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a desire to achieve in start-up support policies and start-up education. In addition, in light of the ripple effect of TV dramas, drama role model and indirect experience increase entrepreneurial intention, so it was possible to predict its influence on changes in perception of start-ups and entrepreneurs.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.33-60
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• 2007

This study alms to analyze the entrepreneur characteristics of founder on enterprise performance from the strategic viewpoint as well as features of founder of small firms such as background feature of founder, psychological features and management skill. As considered by Background features of founder include educational background of founder, his experience in business creation, consultation or course related to business creation. This study verified the effects of factor which business performance (financial, non financial) on small firms. Also, this study considered psychological features of founder include achievement desire, risk-free propensity, level of patience on vagueness and control position. And it analyzed that between such factors and performance of small firms were examined in related. In the mean time, management ability of founder, entrepreneur ability, technical and function ability were considered for management skill of founder and alalyzed effect of the factors on performance of small firm were examined. Effects of strategic intention of founder of small firm were analyzed by the strategic viewpoint. At this time, strategy of small firm was divided into product-service reform differentiation strategy, marketing differentiation strategy and cost leadership strategy. This study distributed questionnaire on CEO of small firms in Daejeon and Chungnam area for accomplish the study objective and it collected a total of 145 copies of questionnaires. As a result of analyzing collected questionnaire, this study deduced the following study results and suggestions. First, results different from those of existing studies were found Since sales, net income and profit rate of small firm were not high cause economic depression on the whole. Second, entrepreneur ability was found to be required for success of business creation. Entrepreneur ability of founder was the factor that affects both financial and non - financial performance of small firm. As such, entrepreneur ability can be regarded as the most important factor for success in business creation of small firm. Accordingly, entrepreneur ability is the most important source for success in business creation of small firm. Third, strategy of small firm was found to be the important factor that affects the non-financial performance even if it could not give significant effects on financial performance. Thus, product service reform differentiation strategy, marketing differentiation strategy and cost leadership strategy have significant effects on non - financial performance of small firm. Accordingly, it is required to operate small firm with strategic mind - set for small firm to achieve success. This study analyzed the effects of feature of founder and strategy of small firm on business performance of small firm through practical analysis on small firms in Daejeon and Chungnam area, and deduced meaningful results. However, Since this study collected data on small firms in Daejeon and Chungnam only, there is a limit in generalizing the results of this study to all small firms in Korea. Companies answering to this questionnaire process were mainly wholesale and retail service companies. In addition, there is a limit in that it failed to analyze feature of representative type of industry due to limit in number of sample, it is required to divide representative type of industry and to compare and analyze types of industry in future studies.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.52
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• pp.277-312
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• 2018

First-order cybernetics during the 1940s and 1950s aimed for control of an observed system, while second-order cybernetics during the mid-1970s aspired to address the mechanism of an observing system. The former pursues an objective, subjectless, approach to a system, whereas the latter prefers a subjective, personal approach to a system. Second-order observation must be noted since a human observer is a living system that has its unique cognition. Maturana and Varela place the autopoiesis of this biological system at the core of second-order cybernetics. They contend that an autpoietic system maintains, transforms and produces itself. Technoscientific recreation of biological autopoiesis opens up to a new step in cybernetics: what I describe as third-order cybernetics. The formation of technoscientific autopoiesis overlaps with the Fourth Industrial Revolution or what Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee call the Second Machine Age. It leads to a radical shift from human centrism to posthumanity whereby humanity is mechanized, and machinery is biologized. In two versions of the novel Demon Seed, American novelist Dean Koontz explores the significance of technoscientific autopoiesis. The 1973 version dramatizes two kinds of observers: the technophobic human observer and the technology-friendly machine observer Proteus. As the story concludes, the former dominates the latter with the result that an anthropocentric position still works. The 1997 version, however, reveals the victory of the techno-friendly narrator Proteus over the anthropocentric narrator. Losing his narrational position, the technophobic human narrator of the story disappears. In the 1997 version, Proteus becomes the subject of desire in luring divorcee Susan. He longs to flaunt his male egomaniac. His achievement of male identity is a sign of technological autopoiesis characteristic of third-order cybernetics. To display self-producing capabilities integral to the autonomy of machinery, Koontz's novel demonstrates that Proteus manipulates Susan's egg to produce a human-machine mixture. Koontz's demon child, problematically enough, implicates the future of eugenics in an era of technological autopoiesis. Proteus creates a crossbreed of humanity and machinery to engineer a perfect body and mind. He fixes incurable or intractable diseases through genetic modifications. Proteus transfers a vast amount of digital information to his offspring's brain, which enables the demon child to achieve state-of-the-art intelligence. His technological editing of human genes and consciousness leads to digital standardization through unanimous spread of the best qualities of humanity. He gathers distinguished human genes and mental status much like collecting luxury brands. Accordingly, Proteus's child-making project ultimately moves towards technologically-controlled eugenics. Pointedly, it disturbs the classical ideal of liberal humanism celebrating a human being as the master of his or her nature.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.51-73
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to develop a family life educational program and verify the effectiveness hereof in order to improve a family life and enhance practice ability for marriage immigrant women. The content of family life educational program was composed based on the family life education lesson of the home economics textbooks. The adequacy of the program content was verified by the two experts. The study subjects were the 14 marriage immigrant women living in J-gu of Seoul and the program was conducted for 3 days from September 16 to October 7 2014 at the Seoul J Multicultural Family Support Center. As for program evaluation, this study conducted both an objective evaluation and subjective evaluation (semi-structured interview and survey). The author of this study composed the questions of the objective evaluation on the basis of the previous studies and home economics textbooks. The aforementioned two experts verified the questions thereof. The important findings of this study are as follows. First, this study developed the family life educational program that consisted of a total of 8 rounds on the basis of "the happy family life education lesson led by family". Second, this study ensured that the family life educational program for marriage immigrant women would help understand the Korean traditional culture and also the family culture of their homeland. Also, this study aimed to allow the study subjects to develop an attitude to respect the diversity of family life culture. Third, it was found that the effectiveness of the program was statistically significant in the objective evaluation through the ex ante and ex post assessment as a result of the program effectiveness test. From the subjective evaluation, all the participants had a high degree of satisfaction with more than 4.0 points in all of the following areas: program objective achievement, adequacy of program contents and activities and program operation. As a result of the subjective evaluation through the semi-structured interview, this study confirmed a high level of desire for family life education through the willingness of marriage immigrant women to continue to learn the in-depth contents related to family life education. The above findings of this study imply that a family life educational program based on home economics can play a critical role in implementing a healthy family life education for marriage immigrant women.