• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.463-471
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• 2009

A study on vegetation in the Mangyeong River and Dongjin River basins and the surrounding regions of the Saemangeum Reclaimed Land was conducted in a series of efforts to determine the expected ecological changes in the salt marshes, to restore their vegetation, to explore the restoring force of halophyte, to examine the community mechanism and, ultimately, to rehabilitate marshy land vegetation along the lakeside, coastal dune and salt marshes of the Saemangeum Project Area. The findings of the study may be summed up as follows: Five species such as Suaeda japonica, Salicornia herbacea, Atriplex gmelini, Aster tripolium and Suaeda asparagoides that are mostly distributed in the estuary of the Saemangeum Reclaimed Land were analyzed to examine the mechanism of halophyte to maintain their community. To find out the strategies of plants for survival and the cause of forming community structure, a research was made as for appearance ratio of biomass, root lengths and germination. With regard to biomasses of halophyte, the biomass of Suaeda japonica increases rapidly, while Salicornia herbacea adopts a strategy of unstable growth pattern by which the biomass increases slowly in parallel with its slow speed of growth since initial appearance of young sapling. In contrast, Suaeda asparagoides, Atriplex gmelini and Aster tripolium choose to adapt themselves to environment promptly by being transformed into life form of annual or biennial plant, a pattern that is presumed to be favorable and stable for survival in the later stage of growth. In short, there is a sharp distinction among the 5 species: i.e. Suaeda japonica that begins to grow fast in the length of surface and underground section but slows down from the mid-stage on; Salicornia herbacea that grows slowly in the beginning step but starts to step up from the middle onward; Atriplex gmelini and Aster tripolium growing slowly in the initial stage but fast later on; and Suaeda asparagoides that turns from the constant growth in the beginning to rapid growth in the later period. The outcomes of the analysis into status of growth and influencing factors of Suaeda japonica in the sowing field that is most widely prevalent in the Saemangeum Reclaimed Land as a sort of ecological pioneer in the salt marshes showed that the average size of grass lands, density and number of individuals increase in the natural sowing field as well as in the plowing field regardless of their physical as well as physico-chemical features of the soil as the season progresses from June to October of a year.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.201-209
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• 2003

For the purpose of research study, a vertical shaft of 98m in length and 3.05m in diameter was constructed in the layer of conglomerate by using the Raise Boring Machine (RBM). In order to estimate the net penetration rate of the RBM, which can be used in the stage of design, the in-situ test results were analysed and correlated to data from the boring log in situ and laboratory testing. Its average net penetration rate is 2.233mm/rev while its average advance rate is 0.382m/hr, which is lower than that of TBM(Tunnel Boving Machine). It turns out that the net penetration rate increases with the increase of strength characteristics in rock mass (e.g., uniaxial compression strength, tensile strength, etc.). Similarly, the net penetration rate increases linearly with the hardness of rock mass. These results are contrary to the results of the previous construction sites where the TBM was generally used in the layer of hard rock. However, the trend obtained in this study is in accordance with the findings of Barton suggesting the relationship between Q$_TBM$ and penetration rate in the layer of soft rock. Thus, the trend is valid in soft and/or weathered rocks.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.46 no.9
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• pp.99-112
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• 2008

The increasing rate of obesity in school aged children has become a conspicuous social phenomenon in Korea. This has been linked to greater economic growth, increasingly westernized dietary habits, and a consumer driven society. Given that obesity can lead to social exclusion or unfavorable attention by other students in a school setting, the design of plus-size garments have become important for effective appearance management skills. This research aimed to establish a somatotype database for obese school boys, aged 10 to 12, in order to develop a sizing system for plus-size upper garments. In order to measure somatotype of average and obese school boys, five categories were recorded; height, obesity, length of trunk, thickness of neck and chest. For obese boys, subcutaneous fat thickness and position of B.P/shoulder point factors were recorded. Obesity factor was subdivided into overall and specific ones, and while the deviation of obese body types was severe compared to the average type. Obese body type showed significantly higher measurements in width, girth, thickness. This is linked to the fact that the frequency ratio of obesity increases with age. Stature and chest were chosen as control dimensions for boys' wear. As crosstabulation of stature(5cm interval) and chest girth(2, 3 and 4cm), and stature(5cm interval)/chest girth(3cm interval) sizing system showed, the most effective cover ratio and adaptability to the data distribution $25{\sim}75$ quartile. Based on the findings, 10 sizes were formulated for average body type, while 18 sizes were formulated for obese type, whose size cover ratios were 48% and 62.9%, respectively. The primary ranges of stature were $145cm{\sim}150cm$, while those of chest girth were $79{\sim}82cm$. Each size was declared as "chest-somatotype{A(average)/O(obesity)-stature". This study proposed a plus-size upper garment sizing systems for obese boys, accompanied with reference measurements for suit, casual wear and underwear. The finding showed that the two systems were totally separate and not overlapping, meaning that plus-size sizing system is essential for obese school boys. The obesity type system had more size and wider range specs.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.215-220
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• 2017

This study was conducted to improve the insufficiency of fruit vegetable grafting system developed by National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration. When the rotary blade cut the stem of scions and rootstocks, the grafting failure at curved cutting surfaces happened. The cutting depth of a tomato seedling by a rotated cutter was calculated 0.11 mm even when the cutting arm length and the maximum stem diameter were 50 mm and 5 mm, respectively. Mathematical analysis and high-speed photography showed that there was no problem by cutting in straight the stem of scions and rootstocks. The compression test of seedling stems to design the optimal shape of gripper showed that stems were not completely restored when they were compressed above 0.8 mm and 0.6 mm in case of rootstocks and scion, respectively. This study found that the bending angle of stem of tomato seedlings at the grafting period was 10 degree on average. The optimal gripper finger was the edge finger type which could be precisely set center point by adjusting the distance between fingers. In addition, it was found that most of seedling could be grasped without damage when the finger-to-finger distances is set to 2.5 mm for scion and 3.0 mm for rootstocks and finger are coated by 1 mm-thick flexible material.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.63 no.4
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• pp.84-100
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• 2013

Ancient Greece was a patriarchal society that distinguished gender roles between men and women. Although their costumes were composed of simple rectangular fabric without any technical complications in itself, the Greeks did try to express gender differences in their clothing. The final look of the Greek costume was dependent on the way the cloth draped onto its wearer as well as the wearer's identity. Greeks costume could just be seen as a rectangular fabric when it was not draped on a person's body. The purpose of this study is to examine how the gender differences were expressed in the ancient Greek drapery costume, which was made by using a completely different technical process, compared with the modern tailored costume. There are four elements of the costume that give the costume its formative shape, which are the wearer's body, the rectangular fabric (material as the first formative costume), the way the fabric is draped, and the final appearance as the second formative costume (the relationship between the wearer's body and the costume) and this study analyzes these elements individually. It is intended to analyze the gender characteristics and how each element appears in a different way from the perspective of Structuralism, an analytical method that considers a phenomenon as a total sum of the elements. Literature research was conducted and representative sculpture, painting and pottery, were used between the Archaic Period (B.C. 800~500) and the Classical Period (B.C. 500~323). The results show that the gender differences appear in each formative element of costume: First, the body was distinguished by the ancient Greek custom. The man's nudity was accepted while the woman's body was concealed. Second, in regards to the first formative costume, which was the rectangular fabric, men's were made with thick high quality wool because their involvement in outdoor activities meant that they needed clothes to stay warm, while the women wore clothes made of thin wool or hemp cloth, because their most of their activities were at home. Third, the way to drape the fabric shows the gender differences by changing the length of the clothing and its design ; men's short khiton was practical for big movement and at the same time the clothing exposed the man's body. The woman's doric khiton diversified its decoration by the size of the apotigma and by using the belt. Finally the second formative costume reflected the Greeks' social distinction between a man's body and a woman's body. The man's costume naturally exposed the man's body. On the other hand, the woman's long costume has a variety of shapes on the ground, that concealed her lower body, while the ornamental function was more accentuated than the man's costume. The gender differences expressed in Greek costume fundamentally reflected the point of view of the male and female body and their social roles in society.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.662-670
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• 2015

The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of feeding barley naturally contaminated with Fusarium mycotoxins on growth performance, vulva swelling, and digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, and crude protein of gilts and the recovery of gilts fed normal diets immediately after the exposure to contaminated diets by measuring growth performance and vulva swelling. In Exp. 1, four diets were prepared to contain 0%, 15%, 30%, or 45% contaminated barley containing 25.7 mg/kg deoxynivalenol and $26.0{\mu}g/kg$ zearalenone. Sixteen gilts with an initial body weight (BW) of 33.3 kg (standard deviation = 3.0) were individually housed in a metabolism crate and assigned to 4 diets with 4 replicates in a randomized complete block design based on BW. During the 14-d feeding trial, individual BW and feed consumption were measured weekly and the vertical and horizontal lengths of vulva were measured every 3 d. From d 10, feces were collected by the maker-to-marker method for 4 d. Blood samples were collected on d 14. During the overall period, the average daily gain, average daily feed intake, and gain:feed of pigs linearly decreased (p<0.01) as the dietary concentration of contaminated barley increased. However, the digestibility of crude protein was linearly increased (p = 0.011) with the increasing amounts of contaminated barley. Increasing dietary Fusarium mycotoxin concentrations did not influence vulva size, blood characteristic as well as immunoglobulin level of pigs. In the Exp. 2, a corn-soybean meal-based diet was formulated as a recovery diet. Pigs were fed the recovery diet immediately after completion of the Exp. 1. During the 14-d of recovery period, the individual BW and feed consumption were measured weekly and the vertical and horizontal length of vulva were measured every 3 d from d 0. On d 7, the feed intake of pigs previously fed contaminated diets already reached that of pigs fed a diet with 0% contaminated barley and no significant difference in growth performance among treatments was observed during d 7 to 14 of the recovery period. In conclusion, increasing levels of mycotoxins in diets linearly decreased the growth performance of pigs, and these damages can be recovered in 7 d after the diet was replaced with a normal diet. The vulva size, blood characteristic, immune responses were not affected by increasing level of contaminated barley in the diets fed to pigs.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.268-275
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• 2011

21C digital culture is now affecting the life of arts and development through our system, as well as body arts and body painting. Body painting is not has been focused through our lives in 21stcentury as one genre. UV body painting is from short to long wave length that demonstrates to us the dimension by science and lighting showing more than 8 colors that are better off being set. From this research the theory of body painting considerate characteristics and vision for it. From the researchers line, dots, and side shows the UV body painting as a one piece of art and analyzing the 3D theory and once again showing vision through what it's affecting to their result.' UV body painting is usage of floral paints and using so called 'black light' that shows the short and long term wavelength that provides the 3D material, but first, this is different from normal body painting like dots, like, and layers shows more thoroughly and shows focused motive and you can easily tell the difference. As of all UV body painting is showing more 3D vision more than the design itself. From all this research, to all the body painters we await the future practical theory to be used and for the better future.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.354-360
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• 2020

This study examined the factors for sorting miscellaneous cereal crops using a rice-sorting device by analyzing the physical characteristics according to the moisture content. The initial moisture contents of miscellaneous cereal were 16.3, 19.8, and 16.5%, respectively. The samples were used in the experiment after drying to five levels. The width, length, and area of the samples increased with increasing moisture content except for the roundness, and all the prediction models were developed with a first-order linear equation. The bulk density of Italian millet and sorghum increased with increasing moisture content, whereas the bulk density of common millet was unaffected by the change in moisture content. The terminal velocity of the samples increased with increasing moisture content, and a first-order linear equation was used to develop the prediction models. The measured physical properties of the miscellaneous cereal crops based on the changes in the moisture content could be expressed using a first-order experimental model equation. Therefore, the rice-sorting device could be applied to the terminal velocity, but the other device applying the geometrical characteristics and bulk density was required to change the design of the process depending on the type of grain.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.263-269
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• 2004

This study was conducted with the aim of providing the basic data for an informative and educational program designed to give a guideline how to keep and care the skin healthy and proper. Female freshmen, enrolled in colleges in Jeonbuk provincial area, were surveyed about their status of health and way of skin care and make-up. The results of research were summarized as follows: First, 268 students(65.4%) were 19 years old or younger. Among the respondents, 219 persons(54.4%) lived in small or medium cities and 271(66.1%) showed less than 20 of body mass index($kg/m^{2}$). Second, there were statistically significant correlations between dwelling place, drinking habit(p<0.05), and subjective health status(p<0.05) with health, skin care and make-up habit. Third, drinking, subjective health status appeared to be significant variables affecting facial skin(p<0.05) and health status(p<0.01), respectively. Forth, smoking and regular meal seemed to affect the length of make-up(p<.05) and smoking esd strongly connected with the extent of make-up. The way of thinking about cosmetics were affected by the habits of drinking(p<0.05) and smoking(p<0.01), respectively. Drinking habit was the significant variable of health affecting on the belief in the effect of cosmetics. Fifth, skin health was negatively correlated with drinking and smoking habits and positively with subjective health status, BMI($kg/m^{2}$) and frequency of make-up. Sixth, healthier state of facial skin appeared to be happened with statistical significance(p<0.01) in rural areas than in urban areas and with a person of higher than 20 of BMI($kg/m^{2}$) than of less than 20 from the regression analysis. It has been estimated that there were meaningful correlations between the status of health and make-up among female freshmen. Accordingly, the concept of health reinforcement can be adopted to skin care and skin maintenance, so various and comprehensive approaching methods were required to improve and reinforce the skin management and cosmetic culture.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.35-44
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• 2000

In this paper, we propose a new trajectory model for characterizing segmental features and their interaction based upon a general framework of hidden Markov models. Each segment, a sequence of vectors, is represented by a trajectory of observed sequences. This trajectory is obtained by applying a new design matrix which includes transitional information on contiguous frames, and is characterized as a polynomial regression function. To apply the trajectory to the segmental HMM, the frame features are replaced with the trajectory of a given segment. We also propose the likelihood of a given segment and the estimation of trajectory parameters. The obervation probability of a given segment is represented as the relation between the segment likelihood and the estimation error of the trajectories. The estimation error of a trajectory is considered as the weight of the likelihood of a given segment in a state. This weight represents the probability of how well the corresponding trajectory characterize the segment. The proposed model can be regarded as a generalization of a conventional HMM and a parametric trajectory model. The experimental results are reported on the TIMIT corpus and performance is show to improve significantly over that of the conventional HMM.