• School Mathematics
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.273-299
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• 2010

The purpose of the study is designing and implementing 'Sampling Distributions Simulation' to help students to understand concepts of sampling distributions. This computer simulation is developed to help students understand sampling distributions more easily. 'Sampling Distributions Simulation' consists of 4 sessions. 'The first session - Confidence level and confidence intervals - includes checking if the intended confidence level is actually achieved by the real relative frequency for the obtained sample confidence intervals containing population mean. This will give the students clearer idea about confidence level and confidence intervals in addition to the role of sampling distribution of the sample means among those. 'The second session - Sampling Distributions - helps understand sampling distribution of the sample means, through the simulation method to make comparison between the histogram of sampling distributions and that of the population. The third session - The Central Limit Theorem - includes calculating the means of the samples taken from a population which follows a uniform distribution or follows a Bernoulli distribution and then making the histograms of those means. This will provides comprehension of the central limit theorem, which mentions about the sampling distribution of the sample means when the sample size is very large. The forth session - the normal approximation to the binomial distribution - helps understand the normal approximation to the binomial distribution as an alternative version of central limit theorem. With the practical usage of the shareware 'Sampling Distributions Simulation', we expect students to have a new vision on the sampling distribution and to get more emphasis on it. With the sound understandings on the sampling distributions, more accurate and profound statistical inferences are expected. And the role of the sampling distribution in the inferences should be more deeply appreciated.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.140-149
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• 2008

Recently, the need for accessing information from anywhere at any time has been a driving force for a variety of mobile applications. As the number of mobile applications increases rapidly, there has been a growing demand for the use of Service Oriented Architectures(SOA) for various applications. Mobile based SOA offers a systematic way to classify and assess technical realizations of business processes. But mobile has severly restricted range of utilizing services in computing environment and more, a mobile computer is envisioned to be equipped with more powerful capabilities, including the storage of a small database, the capacity of data processing, a narrow user input and small size of display. This paper present mobile adaption method based on SOA to overcome mobile restriction. To improve mobile efficient we analyzing mobile application requirement writing service specification, optimizing design, providing extended use case specification which test use case testing and testing service test case which derived from service specification. We discuss an mobile application testing that uses a SOA as a model for deploying discovering, specifying, integrating, implementing, testing, and invoking services. Such a service use case specification and testing technique including some idea could help the mobile application to develop cost efficient and dependable mobile services.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.83-91
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• 2013

The Ministry of Education issues STEAM education as a part of convergence. Most important is "How to achieve goals of STEAM education". The goal of this paper searches possibilities that robot is a good tool for STEAM education. The main topic is photosynthesis unit as circumstantiation and "Deep sea exploration robot", is creative activity, in elementary science subject. Students complete 13 basic course about robot, then accomplish subject-oriented 10 robot application course about above topic. Basic course contains math and science elements that students learn in regular curriculum. Application course is organized following steps, photosynthesis with oxygen sensors, brainstorming, idea derivation, robot design, robot construction, demo and presentation and so on. These courses have elements of STEAM. Finally teacher has face-to-face meeting with parents and students. Most have positive aspects about this process in terms of creativity, study attitude, and school life. Specially low-ranking students win a prize in robot competition. So they can gain confidence and accomplishment. This paper don't show statistic chart, but we surely knew that robot education for STEAM education seriously affect creativity huminity and job search.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.63-71
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• 2016

Purpose - A variety of indicators are used for the diagnosis of economic situation. However, most indicators explain the past economic situation because of the time difference between the measurement and announcement. This study aims to argue for the resurrection of an idea: electricity demand can be used as an indicator of economic activity. In addition, this study made an endeavor to develop a new Real Business Index(RBI) which could quickly represent the real economic condition based on the sales statistics of industrial and public electricity. Research design, data, and methodology - In this study monthly sales of industrial and public electricity from 2000 to 2015 was investigated to analyze the relationship between the economic condition and the amount of electricity consumption and to develop a new Real Business Index. To formulate the Index, this study followed next three steps. First, we decided the explanatory variables, period, and collected data. Second, after calculating the monthly changes for each variable, standardization and estimating the weighted value were conducted. Third, the computation of RBI finalized the development of empirical model. The principal component analysis was used to evaluate the weighted contribution ratio among 3 sectors and 17 data. Hodrick-Prescott filter analysis was used to verify the robustness of out model. Results - The empirical results are as follows. First, compatibility of the predictability between the new RBI and the existing monthly cycle of coincident composite index was extremely high. Second, two indexes had a high correlation of 0.7156. In addition, Hodrick-Prescott filter analysis demonstrated that two indexed also had accompany relationship. Third, when the changes of two indexes were compared, they were found that the times when the highest and the lowest point happened were similar, which suggested that it is possible to use the new RBI index as a complementing indicator in a sense that the RBI can explain the economic condition almost in real time. Conclusion - A new economic index which can explain the economic condition needs to be developed well and rapidly in a sense that it is useful to determine accurately the current economic condition to establish economic policy and corporate strategy. The salse of electricity has a close relationship with economic conditions because electricity is utilized as a main resource of industrial production. Furthermore, the result of the sales of electricity can be gathered almost in real time. This study applied the econometrics model to the statistics of the sales of industrial and public electricity. In conclusion, the new RBI index was highly related with the existing monthly economic indexes. In addition, the comparison between the RBI index and other indexes demonstrated that the direction of the economic change and the times when the highest and lowest points had happened were almost the same. Therefore, this RBI index can become the supplementary indicator of the official indicators published by Korean Bank or the statistics Korea.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.45-52
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• 2016

Purpose - This study was conducted to present a study on the perception and satisfaction with the brand agricultural products targeted at consumers who use a lot of local products. According to the data of 2011, the total number of the brand agricultural products of Korea is 5,291 with various kinds. Research design, data and methodology - The survey shows that the brand agricultural products are being used by some specific people. However, it can be a useful idea which can help the consumption of brand agricultural products to be expanded if we understand how consumers' recognitions are different between various groups. For an empirical Analysis, the response data of 110 adult patients residing in the metropolitan area were used and conducted with a factor analysis, frequency analysis in order to ensure the validity and conducted a regression analysis and correlation analysis using SPSS statistical program. Results - According to the analysis, it showed consumers with an interest in brand agricultural products are 40-50 age housewives and the middle class of about 5 million won in monthly income more than 3 million won with a college education. As for consumers' purchasing status, all the subjects said that they had experienced buying brand agricultural products and the level of satisfaction for them was very high. Relatively, consumers' satisfaction level with high income and education is high. And recognition of the brand agricultural products was found mainly goes through word of mouth. The age and income are very important factors in customers' repurchase for brand agricultural products. The result of the analysis for the influences on brand agricultural products of customer satisfaction suggests even if the recognitions for safety, quality, and value are vital factors, the recognition of quality doesn't influence on brand agricultural products statistically and significantly. It was analysed if there were any differences between recognitions by group to brand agricultural products, that is to say recognition of safety, quality and value and the result can be summarized as follows. There are all statistical significant differences depending on their age, educational background and income. In the case of 30 or 40 aged, as they got the education level of college and graduate school and earned relatively high income, most customers have positive recognition on the brand agricultural products. This implies the group which can buy and consume the brand agricultural more easily has much more positive recognition. Conclusion - The results of this study shows consumers' brand awareness and satisfaction with brand agricultural products are affected by their age and income level. The purpose of this study is to find the information that can help brand agricultural products markets to be expanded by understanding the factors which encourage consumers to behave repurchase as well as customers' various levels of recognition to the brand agricultural products. The survey says that brand agricultural products are being used by some specific people.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.53-61
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• 2015

Purpose - This research analyzes overseas expansion support systems for small- and medium-sized enterprises in Germany and Japan. Germany and Japan have developed overseas expansion support policies for such enterprises. The study then explores the implications for Korea and its local governments. Research design, data, and methodology - We did a comparative analysis of Japan and Germany and their support for overseas expansion of small and medium companies. Data were mainly collected from the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (Japan) and the Germany Trade and Invest (Germany) agency through statistics and literature surveys, and analysis studies. Results - First, human resources cultivation and funding support policies, which both Germany and Japan use as part of small- and medium-sized enterprise policies, should be modified to Korean circumstances and to reflect its own small- and medium-sized enterprise support needs. Second, both the German policies that support overseas expansion of small- and medium-sized enterprises and those of Japan's include the philosophy and methods that put an emphasis on these enterprises, despite the fact that there are big differences in the overseas policies in these two countries. Third, German and Japanese governments are embracing the idea that small- and medium-sized enterprises are key to their national economies and implementing policies based on the ratio occupied by these enterprises in the domestic consumption or GDP. In other words, Germany and Japan consider small- and medium-sized enterprises as central to their nation's industry, and assess them as economic industry that should definitely exist for the continued survival of big businesses, and not just as merely supplemental to big business. Fourth, whereas Germany emphasizes support to product exhibition in its overseas expansion support policies, Japan is providing integrated support containing foreign direct investment to small- and medium-sized enterprises. Fifth, there are differences in the overseas expansion support in Germany and Japan in terms of their support to big business. Whereas Germany considers support to big business unnecessary, Japan is implementing active support policies to areas corresponding to big business. Korea will have to benchmark the policies of Germany and Japan, and decide whether or not to give full support to small- and medium-sized enterprises, while excluding areas supporting big business. Conclusions - Based on this analysis of German and Japanese overseas expansion support policies, we need to choose the policies that will engender a solid outcome and derive modified policies for the circumstances of Korea. Additionally, we can use the comparison of the overseas support policies of Japan and Germany to choose small- and medium-sized enterprise overseas expansion support policies for Korea. However, we cannot provide specific overseas support policies by industry. This point will be referenced as a limitation of this study. In future research, we expect that some researchers will take an empirical approach to exploring Korean overseas expansion support through collecting cases of overseas support policies and interviewing policy authorities.

• Survey Research
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.91-112
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• 2009

The aim of this study is to suggest a new website measurement scale revised in accordance with the present tendency, and to test the practical use of it. The empirically current studies suggest the information, connectivity, practical function, lay - out, design, interlace, system, service as a website measurement scale. However. this study suggest a new website measurement scale including communication between internet users, platform for editing information. The test of a practical use about measurement scale progressed by a survey on computer access. A sample of 300 internet users answered the question based on a new website measurement scale. The result of this study shows that primary factors of the website measurement scale are information, user interface, website service, and communication. The influence of these factors on user's website preference changed as compared with the past. The result also shows that there is close correlation between information factor and communication factor. And the communication factor suggested on this study has effected in user's website satisfaction. Results imply that the idea of web2.0 is practically an important strategy for improving website satisfaction. And, because influence of primary factors on the website satisfaction has changed continually, strategic planning will have to be kept up.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.241-251
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• 2005

With its history of two thousand years of studying the human mind, Confucianism may be applied to contemporary emotional science for its unique perspectives and methodologies in understanding the origin of the human mind. By examining the Confucian understanding of human mind according to general Confucian ideas as well as the scholar, LEE Whang's, an idea similar to contemporary 'emotion' in Confucianism was discovered. Importance of the sentiment was not in the resulting goodness originating from one's fundamental nature, but rather its goodness was only achieved when human nature manifested itself without any distortion. This good emotion, namely 'sensibility', presents the essential difference Confucian understanding bears in comparison to the contemporary concept. And the system for grasping the human mind was considered to be the viewpoint of examining the contents and subject of function than a formal system of functioning human mind. It assumes the stance of looking into thehuman mind from the general and synthetic view of contemporary cognitive, emotional, biological and philosophical perspectives. Overall, the researchconcludes that there existed a long history of high-level research into the human mind in Confucianism that may satisfactorily provide partial reference and understanding as well as consequent perspectives and knowledge for discovering the common denominator with the emotional science.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture International Edition
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• no.1
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• pp.230-236
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• 2001

The usual definition of and urban resort was a place vastly different from places of daily life such as a theme park or other tourist destination. At the same time, revival of the combination of usual and unusual spaces, in a way like the mixed "Hare"(Special occasion of public event) and "Ke"(Daily life) spaces of communities of old Japan, is part of the idea of urban resorts. And they are places, which start by making a comfortable urban environment for citizens, providing a daily life full of culture and promoting a city′s identity to visitors. if we think about the kinds of structural elements of urban resorts, the usual elements include community, local culture and industry, while the unusual elements include symbols, festivities and interaction. Kobe Wing Stadium is a venue for the 2002 FIFA World Cup hosted by Korea and Japan. The city will build the stadium, but after construction management will be given over to private enterprise, hoping to utilize that sector′s business know how. A competition was held to determine the private executor who would be entrusted with the planning, design, construction and management of the project, considering the conditions of the area, the stadium′s relationship to it and local revitalization. The competition was won by a private enterprise (Kobe Steel Obayashi Group). The them of "Creation of a Sports Community Park" grapples with the large issue of the facility′s relationship with the community. American geographer Yi-fu Tuan coined the word "topophilia" to indicate love of a place. No other word could better describe the desired urban resort nature of the stadium. From this historical perspective it seems that stadiums have great potential as urban resorts. The factor that will determine their success is the attitude of citizens toward them, in short whether they develop topophilia for them or not. We examined the urban resort nature of Kobe Wing Stadium. Regarding daily life, we saw the attempts to revive the local community, the possibility of deepening the local culture and the weakened state of local industry. As a place that is for more than daily life, we saw the certainty of the stadium′s symbolism, its potential as a place for festivities and the test it will face as a space for interaction. Even though several issues are left for future resolution, evaluating Kobe Wing Stadium through these elements of an urban resort, it is clearly founded in the daily life of the community while providing a venue for "Hare"occasions. Fulfilling the roles of an urban resort, it provides many opportunities for local residents to enjoy their and gives visitors a reason to come repeatedly.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.1786-1795
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• 2011

The trajectory control for omni-directional mobile robot is not easy. Especially, the tracking control which system uncertainty problem is included is much more difficult. This paper develops trajectory controller of 3-wheels omni-directional mobile robot using fuzzy multi-layered algorithm. The fuzzy control method is able to solve the problems of classical adaptive controller and conventional fuzzy adaptive controllers. It explains the architecture of a fuzzy adaptive controller using the robust property of a fuzzy controller. The basic idea of new adaptive control scheme is that an adaptive controller can be constructed with parallel combination of robust controllers. This new adaptive controller uses a fuzzy multi-layered architecture which has several independent fuzzy controllers in parallel, each with different robust stability area. Out of several independent fuzzy controllers, the most suited one is selected by a system identifier which observes variations in the controlled system parameter. This paper proposes a design procedure which can be carried out mathematically and systematically from the model of a controlled system; related mathematical theorems and their proofs are also given. Finally, the good performance of the developed mobile robot is confirmed through live tests of path control task.