• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.1-19
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• 2015

The history of modernization of Korea is divided into two folds of the colonial era in the 20's and the economic development era in the 60's. Most of the spaces built in the process of modernization were public spaces developed by the drive of the government. These spaces of modernization are functionality-oriented public places of production and at the same time, and they are the spaces of national power to symbolize the identity of national authorities. Along with changes in the society, modern spaces were reduced down to monument buildings without functionality and this requires new definition to renew the identity of modern spaces. Small stations, power plants, mines, warehouses, abandoned factories, and etc... the study has paid attention to the process of changing thought, one of the main characteristics of modernization, the relations of modern concepts projected in the spaces, framework of modern society, and placeness in the process of framework building and relations of people in the spaces with video records on the process of rebuilding new identity of modern spaces and memories of the spaces. The relations of modern spaces and memory were explored in < Seoul Station > while the relations between modern spaces and records and place identity were explored in < Onyang Folk Museum > and < Okpo Shipyard > respectively. In the relations between space identity and memory in each space, the ironic relations of power in modern spaces (placeness) and personal narrative (memories) were explored with oral narrative and video footage.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.64 no.2
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• pp.35-49
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• 2014

In cases of fashion businesses operating by consignment, base estimate on quantity of sales is the most essential part of merchandising. This study classified factors influential to sales into factors with systematic influence and factors with unsystematic influence. In order to find out influence of each factor on sales, non-linear regression was used with SPSS package on the basis of actual data on sales for 5 years for sport shoes brand. Major findings of this study are as follows. First, price level had significant negative(-) influence on sales. Second, price expectation effects had significant negative(-) influence on sales. Third, competitor's price effect showed significant negative(-) value. Fourth, day-of-the-week effect showed significant positive(+) effect. The theoretical marketing implications of this study are as follows. First, study on price leads to expansion of the researches from apparels to sport shoes. Field of study on price was enlarged through expansion of variable of study from price level and price expectation effect to promotion, day-of-the-week effect and rainfall effect. Second, quantitative scale of day-of-the-week effect was found and it could be confirmed that there was seasonal differences with day-of-the-week effect. Implications of above findings on marketing managers are as follows. First, it was found that an increase in competitiveness of brand power and a decline in absolute value of competitor's price effect can be realized when new product groups are developed to meet the unsatisfied needs in the market. Second, it was possible to find out the parameters scales of the price response function, making it possible to estimate sales for the next season, and in turn realize increase in rate of sales and profit rate. This research is based on the dynamic price response function, which is rare to find in the apparel business and it academic significance due to its expanding response model which was focused on price in conventional researches to non-systematic variables.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.33
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• pp.203-221
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• 2013

While visual industry of the 21st century is becoming higher value-added industry, animation which is a representative genre of visual industry is also developed to the industry focused by government. Korea and China also pursue the development of animation as government executed animation industry promotion policy after the 2000s. However, its results are still under the expectation. Korea hopes advance of Chinese market because of the limitation of market and China is also one of the markets we want to grow together due to the vitalization of Korean visual market. Therefore, if examining characteristics of Korean and Chinese animation industry which is still influenced by government policy and analyzing characteristics of government policies of two countries so as to seek measures to exchange each other with mutual confidence, Korea showed manufacture supporting policies focusing on creation and design, but China focuses on support policies grasping markets of animation and establishing the space for production. Now, it has been about 10 years and Korean market of animation is unstable and it's difficult to release new manpower because of the insufficient space of creation. But, China secured animation market and established creation space in every region of the whole country, but there are not desirable outcomes because of the limitation of materials and characters and insufficient factors of designing and creation. If trying collaboration or joint production and sharing the market by utilizing characteristics of Korean and Chinese animation, both of two countries will obtain better outcomes.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.23-30
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• 2014

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to analyze the efficiency of retail businesses by dividing domestic retailers into discount stores, super supermarkets (SSMs), and department stores. It suggests retail-business investment strategies by using data environment analysis (DEA) to analyze how input elements such as store area, parking lot area, number of employees, and sales management expenses for the convenience of customers positively affect business performance measurements such as sales and visiting customers per day. Research Design, Data, and Methodology - The DEA model calculates a ratio of the weighted mean of various inputs to the weighted mean of various outputs and measures the efficiency of a specific decision making unit (DMU). The study included 19 companies (five discount store DMUs, ten SSM DMUs, and four department store DMUs). Because the business elements and sizes of retail store DMUs used in this analysis are different, average per-store input and output variables were used. Data were collected from "The Yearbook of Retail Industry in Korea (2012)." DEA analysis was used to determine differences in efficiency among discount stores, SSMs, and department stores in terms of the business elements of each retail business. It was also used to determine what business elements were excessively invested in by comparing and analyzing efficiency by business elements using SPSS software's ANOVA (Analysis of Variance). Results - The CCR and BCC efficiency analysis found that the efficiency of discount stores is low. We believe that the saturation state of discount stores is a major factor. The ANOVA analysis confirms the VRS hypothesis with a statistically significant difference among the three groups, based on an analysis confidence interval of 95%. CRS and SE were not found to be significantly different among the three groups. As for the post hoc test, which concretely shows differences by group, the Scheffe's multiple comparison analysis test found the average differences between group 1 (discount stores) and group 2 (SSM) to be statistically significant. Conclusions - The DEA efficiency analysis implies that investment in input elements, including store area, parking lot area, and sales management expenses, were excessive in the case of discount stores, while SSMs need to invest more in promotion activities such as gifts, events, and coupons for customer management. Department stores have found that small companies invest excessively in input elements. Department stores need to invest in differentiated shopping mall complexes. This study was limited in acquiring statistical data; various input variables which might have shown more secure customer management and promotional expenses could not be applied. As the study was limited in various aspects of the efficiency analyses because financial analyses of the companies and of causal relationships, including satisfaction and loyalty of visiting customers, were not done, these aspects will be examined in the next study.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.429-444
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• 1999

This study was performed to explore the effects of a dance therapy on physical and psychological characteristics in the elderly. The design of this study was a non-equivalent pre-post test experiment. The subjects consisted of elderly persons living in a facility located in Suweon and Bucheon. Fifty eight subjects, aged between 65 and 93 years who had normal cognition, sensory function, balance, and resting blood pressure. They underwent tests of balance, flexibility, muscle strength, depression, and anxiety as baseline data before dance therapy, and at 6th week and at the end of the 12nd week after following dance therapy. Twenty seven elderly persons were assigned to the experimental group and participated with the dance therapy between April and July, 1998. The dance therapy was developed by the author with the help of a dance therapist and a physiatrist. This therapy was based on the Marian Chace's dance therapy and Korean traditional dance with music. The dance therapy consists of 50 minutes session, 3 times a week for 12 weeks. One session was consisted of warming-up, expression, catharsis, sharing, and closing stage. The intensity of the dance therapy was at the 40 % of age-adjusted maximum heart rates. Data were analysed with mead standard deviation, Chi-square test, unpaired t-test, repeated measures ANOVA, and Bonferroni multiple regression using SAS program. 1. The results related to the physical characteristics were as follows : 1) The balance (standing on one leg, walking on the balancing bar), flexibility and muscle strength (knee extensor, knee flexor, ankle plantarflexor and dorsiflexor) of the experimental subjects significantly increased over time mere than that of the control subjects. 2) The experimental group had significantly higher score for balance, flexibility, muscle strength of knee extensor, and knee flexor than the control group at the 12nd week after dance therapy. 3) The experimental group had significantly higher score for muscle strength of ankle dorsiflexor and plantarflexor than the control group at the 6th week and the 12nd week after dance therapy. 2. The results related to psychological characteristics were as follows : 1) Scores of Geriatric Depression Scale, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, and Zung's Self-rating Anxiety Scale of the experimental group were significantly decreased over time more than that of the control group. 2) The experimental group had significantly lower score for depression than the control group at the 12nd week after dance therapy. 3) The experimental group had significantly lower score for anxiety than the control group at the 6th week and the 12nd week after dance therapy. The findings showed that the dance therapy could be effective in improving the balances, flexibility, and muscle strength of lower limb, and effective in decreasing the depression and anxiety of the elderly. Additional merits of the dance therapy would be inexpensiveness, easy accessibility, and increasing interpersonal relationship. It can be suggested that the dance therapy is effective in the health promotion of the elderly.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.1467-1478
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to develop a curriculum for the oriental clinical nurse specialist program based on the understanding of Korean human beings so as to develop nursing as a profession and promote the client's health. The design of this study was based on literature review and nominal group study. The research was managed by East-West Nursing Research Institute of nursing science college at Kyung Hee University. The research team was composed of 17 professors of nursing departments of oriental medical colleges. We obtained opinions from Oriental Nurses Association, Oriental Nursing Research Association, and professors in oriental medical college. We reviewed articles, curriculums of other clinical nurse specialist programs, medical laws and the curriculum development plan for the oriental clinical nurse specialist program from Korean Nurses Association. We discussed a curriculum thoroughly in numerous meetings. We developed a following curriculum: 1. Educational philosophy was founded on the oriental human view which was based on Chun-In union theory. It was founded on the oriental health view which recognized health being in harmony with nature and the balance of body function with the harmony of Yin-Yang in the five elements. In addition, it was founded on oriental nursing view to promote these health states. 2. Educational goals were to train oriental clinical nurse specialists, oriental nursing educators and oriental nursing researchers who developed knowledge of oriental nursing theory, nursing practice and created a leadership. 3. Curriculum consisted of 48 credits, of which 36 credits are based on lectures and laboratory classes and 12 credits are based on clinical practice. 36 credits consisted of 5 general subject credits and 31 core subject credits. General subjects consisted of nursing theory, nursing research, law and ethics. Students who had earned master's degrees are not required to take the general subjects. Core subjects consisted of 11 subjects such as advanced physical examination and laboratory, oriental nursing theory, original text of oriental nursing, oriental medical nursing, oriental pediatric nursing, oriental gynecologic nursing, oriental gerontologic nursing, oriental pharmacology, oriental constitutional nursing, advanced nursing of channels and acupuncture points and laboratory and oriental rehabilitation nursing and laboratory. In addition, clinical practice in a hospital ward, out patient department, herb prepation room, department of physical therapy and health promotion center in oriental medical hospitals for 12 weeks. To admit this program, students should complete prerequisites of introduction to oriental nursing and nursing of channels and acupuncture points. 4. Course contents of each subjects were developed to include the course's goal and objectives and specific items. 5. Evaluation involved lecture, laboratory and in field practice. We applied various evaluation systems and methods that were based on both knowledge and skills of the students to ensure full credibility and validity.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.877-886
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• 2019

The size of the subway entrance should be calculated according to the user's demand, but Korea has the same size for each entrance by applying a uniform value. Recently, the installation of mobile convenience facilities such as escalators, elevators, etc. is mandated by the traffic weakness promotion law, but it is inconvenient to use the existing stations because it is mainly arranged in the place where it can be installed regardless of user demand. This study aims to establish a model for estimating the size of mobile convenience facilities by predicting the use demand of each station entrance so that the location and size of mobile facilities can be reflected in the design or construction of the station. To this end, a multiple regression model was established to forecast daily demand by utilizing the demand for getting on and off by station and the building association area for each purpose around the railway station. The actual data of Dongdaemun and Jonggak Stations were used to verify the estimated model. In addition, the escalator installation scale was compared / analyzed by doorway using domestic and overseas escalator equations. As a result, it was more accurate to estimate the usage demand for a single station. Also, Jonggak Station has an up and down escalator installed at exit 1, but it was analyzed that it is appropriate to install at exit 4. This study is an advanced form of the essay model for estimating the users of the entrance and exit users of urban railway stations published in 2018. In addition, it seems to be the basis of the current escalator installation criteria.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.10-17
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• 2017

Securing fire safety using only fire-fighting facilities is difficult because causes of modern fire vary, such as architectural structures and building use patterns. In order for fire safety to be guaranteed by enacting and revising fire regulations reflecting the fire hazard characteristics and user's characteristics, the introduction of fire influence evaluation (fire risk assessment) system needs to be considered in a timely manner to be adopted but unfortunately two attempts before have failed. In this study, a fire case of urban lifestyle housing was surveyed to introduce a fire influence evaluation system and a field survey on the actual condition of the 414 urban lifestyle housing buildings and fire & evacuation simulation results of one representative building in Suyoung-gu and Nam-gu District of Busan Metropolitan City were analyzed. The necessity, procedures and implementation method of fire influence evaluation system were questioned and tested by the professional fire experts, fire officers and firefighters and architects. On the basis of these facts, introduction of (fire influence evaluation system) should be absolutely adopted and the fire department and fire regulation are eligible to implement the system. Therefore, fire regulation needs to be enacted or revised in accordance with the new fire environment and fire safety system that needs to be built up. Accordingly, aggressive promotion through public hearings on the necessity of fire impact assessments, consensus among departments and fostering experts to carry out fire influence evaluation system will be the core.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.113-125
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• 2018

In recent years, new media art is developing to play its roles as a means of remediation to overturn, reuse, and alter the old technologies rather than technology-dependent art to accept new technologies and use them as artistic tools. Here, the concept of new should mean looking at the old technologies in an indirect way and finding new meanings in them rather than presenting new technologies. The starting point of this study was the concept of spatialization in which the concept of new media art would externalize games from inside to outside the screen in gamification-applied spaces. Participatory new media art adds a platform for viewer's participation and utilizes the entire space of the exhibition hall instead of allowing for simple viewing at the exhibition hall. The study focused on the changes and phenomena in the process of games belonging to the artistic space through the interactivity of gamification. Here, the premise was that gamification meant the "spatialization of games." The study examined several cases of games being altered in the spatialization process to figure out interactivity for viewers and developmental directions for interface design at a gallery.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.155-173
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of self-help programs which had been conducted at each health center of Seoul using the protocol developed by Korean Rheumatology Health Professionals Society(KRHPS). This program was developed to initially increase self-efficacy, and then to decrease the symptoms and finally to increase the functions of the patients. This study was designed as one group pretest-posttest design. Data were collected by self-administered questionnaires for 140 out of 303 program participants, and only 102 subjects were analyzed because of missing values. The subjects were composed of 25.5% of rheumatoid arthritis patients and 60.8% of degenerative arthritis patients. The results showed that arthritis self-help program was effective in increasing self-efficacy and then improving pain, fatigue, depression, and activities of daily living. But the number of pain sites was not decreased. This result explains that degenerative arthritis patients composed of more than half of the participants has less number of pain sites than rheumatoid arthritis, and their pain was not completely relieved. As a result, it was confirmed that arthritis patients' physical and psychological states can be improved by self-help program in the community. These findings emphasize the implication of this program for each institute to promote health of arthritis patients.