• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.335-343
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• 2002

This study investigated the effect of temporary cement and desensitizer on the bond strength of luting cements. Total 96 dentin specimens were divided into two groups with and without temporary cementation. For temporary cement-tread group, specimens were cemented with $Temp-bond^{(R)}$ and all specimens were stored in distilled water at $37^{\circ}C$ for 7 days. Each cup was further divided into 3 subgroups with $Gluma^{(R)},\;One-step^{(R)}$ application and without desensitizer After desensitizer application, Ni-Cr specimens were luted to dentin surface with $Panavia-F^{(R)}$ and $Vitremer^{(R)}$ Specimens were placed in distilled water at $37^{\circ}C$ for 24 hours and shear bond strength between metal and dentin was measured by a universal testing machine. The results were as follows : 1. In $Panavia-F^{(R)}$ cemented groups, the combination of $One-step^{(R)}$ without temporary cement showed the greatest strength. Among the desensitizer types, $One-step^{(R)}$ showed the highest bond strength, followed by No-desensitizer, $Gluma^{(R)}$. 2. In $Vitremer^{(R)}$ cemented groups, the combination of no temporary cement and without desensitizer showed the greatest bond strength. Among the desensitizer types, No-desensitizer group showed the highest bond strength. 3. The use of $Gluma^{(R)}$ significantly reduced the shear bond strength in $Panavia-F^{(R)}$ and $Vitremer^{(R)}$ groups. 4. All temporary cement-treated groups showed a significant lower shear bond strength than without temporary cement groups. 5. Desensitizer application significantly influenced the bond strength of the resin cement and resin modified glass ionomer cement.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.404-410
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• 2016

PURPOSE. Considering the importance of retention in the success and long-term clinical service of fixed partial dentures (FPDs) as well as the existing controversy regarding the effect of GLUMA desensitizer on the retention of full metal crowns cemented with RelyX U200 self-adhesive cement, this study aimed to assess the effect of GLUMA desensitizer on the retention of full metal crowns cemented using RelyX U200. MATERIALS AND METHODS. In this experimental study, 20 sound human premolars were prepared; a 0.5 mm chamfer finish line was prepared above the cementoenamel junction. The teeth were randomly assigned to two groups: a desensitizer group (n = 10, treated with GLUMA desensitizer) and a control (n = 10, no surface treatment). Full metal crowns were fabricated of base metal alloy and had a ring. All crowns were cemented with RelyX U200 and subjected to retention test by using a universal testing machine. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 and independent t-test. RESULTS. The mean tensile bond strength was significantly higher in the GLUMA desensitizer group ($230.63{\pm}63.8N$) compared to the control group ($164.45{\pm}39.3N$) ($P{\leq}.012$). CONCLUSION. GLUMA desensitizer increases the tensile bond strength of RelyX U200 self-adhesive cement to dentin.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.365-373
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of desensitizer on shear bond strength of adhesive resin cements for all ceramic crown. For this study, Gluma $desensitizer^{(R)}$(Heraeus Kulzer, Germany) and MS $Coat^{(R)}$(Sun medical, Japan) were used as desensitizer, and Bistite $II^{(R)}$ resin cement(Tokuyama, Japan) and Variolink $II^{(R)}$ resin cement (Ivoclar, Liechtenstein) were used. IPS Empress ceramics were bonded to dentin surfaces after application of desensitizer and shear bond strength of specimens were measured using UTM(Zwick 1456 41. Zwick, Germany) at a crosshead speed of 1mm/min. The obtained results were as follows : 1. The shear bond strength of both resin cements were not affected by Gluma $desensitizer^{(R)}$ containing HEMA 2. The shear bond strength of Bistite $II^{(R)}$ resin cement was significantly decreased by MS $Coat^{(R)}$. 3. The failure mode in MS $Coat^{(R)}-Bistite \;II^{(R)}$ group was mainly adhesive type between dentin and resin cement. but that of Gluma $desensitizer^{(R)}$-Variolink $II^{(R)}$ group was mainly mixed type, combined adhesive failures between dentin and resin cement or porcelain and resin cement.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.342-348
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• 2010

본 연구는 미백, 탈감작제 도포 후, 셀프 에칭 프라이머를 이용하여 브라켓 접착 시 법랑질에 대한 전단결합강도를 비교하기 위해 시행되었다. 48개의 소구치를 무작위로 12개씩 4개의 그룹으로 분류하였다. Group 1: 15% hydrogen-peroxide office bleaching agent (Illumine Office-IO), Group 2: IO + BisBlock Oxalate Dentin-Desensitizer, Group 3: Bis-Block Oxalate Dentin-Desensitizer, Group 4: 아무것도 하지 않음(대조군). 브라켓 접착 24시간 후 전단결합강도를 측정하였으며, 만능시험기의 속도를 5 mm/min로 하여 브라켓이 탈락할 때까지 시행하였다. Modified adhesive remnant index를 이용하여 탈락 양상을 분석하였다. 미백만 시행, 미백과 탈감작제 도포, 탈감작제만 도포한 경우 모두 브라켓의 전단결합강도를 현저히 감소시켰으며 ($p$ = 0.001), 이 세 실험군 간에는 통계적으로 유의성 있는 차이를 관찰할 수 없었다 (Group 1-Group 2, $p$ = 0.564; Group 1-Group 3, $p$ = 0.371; Group 2-Group 3, $p$ = 0.133). 세 실험군에서 브라켓의 탈락은 주로 법랑질-접착제 계면에서 발생하여 브라켓 베이스에 접착제의 100%가 남아있었다. 따라서 미백과 탈감작제 도포는 교정치료 후에 시행하는 것이 바람직하다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.269-275
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• 2013

Purpose: In this study, the effect of calcium sodium phosphosilicate (NovaMin) desensitizing agent, which is a powder-based system, and hydroxyethyl methacrylate and glutaraldehyde (Gluma desensitizer), which is liquid-based system, on dentinal tubule occlusion was analyzed by scanning electron microscope. The effects of the above two along with one control group were compared to determine the more effective method of sealing the dentinal tubules after initial application. Methods: Twenty specimens were allocated to each of 3 groups: Control, Gluma desensitizer, and NovaMin. Two additional samples were also prepared and treated with Gluma and NovaMin; these samples were longitudinally fractured. The specimens were prepared from extracted sound human premolars and were stored in 10% formalin at room temperature. The teeth were cleaned of gross debris and then sectioned to provide one to two dentin specimens. The dentin specimens were etched with 6% citric acid for 2 minutes and rinsed in distilled water. Control discs were dried, and the test discs were treated with the desensitizing agents as per the manufacturer's instructions. The discs as well as longitudinal sections were later analyzed under the scanning electron microscope. The proportions of completely occluded, partially occluded, and open tubules within each group were calculated. The ratios of completely and partially occluded tubules to the total tubules for all the groups was determined, and the data was statistically analyzed using nonparametric tests and statistical significance was calculated. Results: NovaMin showed more completely occluded tubules ($0.545{\pm}0.051$) while Gluma desensitizer showed more partially occluded tubules ($0.532{\pm}0.075$). The differences among all the groups were statistically significant ($P{\leq}0.05$). Conclusion: Both materials were effective in occluding dentinal tubules but NovaMin appeared more promising in occluding tubules completely after initial application.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.579-588
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• 2007

Statement of problem: A tenderness of the dentin after tapering of teeth for dental prosthesis is a common phenomenon. In practice, the alternative desensitizer may be used for minor pain after tapering of teeth. Purpose: In this study, the desensitizers were used to investigate the affect decreasing of shear bond strength according to the use of various cement, such as resin, Glass Ionomer, and phosphate cement. Material and method: Three different desensitizers were used on this study Compositions of two dentin desensitizers were HEMA(hydroxyethylmethacrylate) and glutaraldehyde. The other one is oxalic acid. Three dentin desensitizers applied on 12 degrees taper teeth. Then, Ni-Cr crowns were bonded with Resin cement, Zinc Phosphate (ZPC) cement and Glass Ionomer (GIC) cement. 120 human premolar teeth were used for specimens. The specimens were divided into four group as the reference and the empirical each with thirty specimens, then further divided into 12 group according to type of desensitizers and cement types. The shear bond strength were measured by Instron multi task instrument. Results: According to the result, the measured shear bond strength in order from the weakest to the strongest in general was ZPC, Resin, and GIC. And it is found that the application of desensitizers on dentin surface does not affect the shear bond strength. Conclusion: Dentin desensitizers that alleviate or prevent a dentin tenderness, usually contains HEMA and glutaraldehyde compounds. Such desensitizers are widely used in clinical studies. By applying the dentin desensitizer on the exposed dentin surface, the dentin capillary are blocked and periodontal membrane and cementum can not be drawn in pulp cavity. Since HEMA and glutaraldehyde may cause harm to the pulp cavity, an alternative desensitizer was developed.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.238-245
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• 2015

본 연구는 지각과민처치제에 항균 물질을 첨가하여 항균실험 및 지각과민처치제의 세포독성실험을 실시하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 항균실험에서는 Micro Prime은 항균 약물의 농도가 높을수록 항균력도 높게 나타나 각 그룹간의 항균 범위는 통계적인 유의차를 나타내었다(p<0.05). Hurri Seal에서는 gallic acid 항균 약물 농도가 높을수록 항균력이 높게 나타났지만(p<0.05), tetracycline을 함유한 desensitizer에서는 농도가 높을수록 항균효과는 떨어지는 것으로 나타났다(p<0.05). 또한 chlorhexidine과 cetylpyridinium chloride에서는 대조군에서만 차이를 나타내고(p<0.05), 각 실험군에서 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 세포독성도를 평가한 결과 Micro Prime은 미약한 세포독성을 나타냈으며, Hurri Sea은 심한 세포독성을 나타냈다. 이상의 연구결과로 지각과민처치제에 항균물질을 첨가할 경우 우수한 항균력이 나타났기 때문에 지각과민 환자의 동통을 줄여 줄 것으로 사료되며 항균성을 가진 지각과민처치제로 사용이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.505-516
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• 1996

The effects of application of dentin desensitizer containing glutaraldehyde (Gluma Desensitizer) and dentin adhesive system (All Bond 2) to the exposed dentin on the intradental nerve activity (INA) and the occluding aspects of dentinal tubules were investigated in cat canine teeth. Single pulp nerve units were dissected from the inferior alveolar nerve and indentified as $A{\delta}$-fiber units. The INAs elicited by 4M NaCl before and after the application of each experimental agent were compared. The morphological changes of exposed dentin surfaces and dentinal tubules in the dentin specimens used to record INAs were observed by SEM. The results obtained were as follows. 1. Eight $A{\delta}$-fiber units (conduction velocity: $8.0{\pm}4.0m$/sec) were identified. 4M NaCl evoked an irregular burst of action potentials which ceased immediately after washing. 2. In 4 $A{\delta}$-fiber units, the change of INA after the application of Gluma Desensitizer was $133.9{\pm}80.7%$ when it was compared with the INA before the application of the same agent. 3. In 4 $A{\delta}$-fiber units, application of All Bond 2 completely abolished the INA induced by 4M NaCl. 4. In specimens applied with Gluma Desensitizer, the formation of hybrid layer as well as the identification of resin penetration and reaction products with proteins in dentinal tubules were not clearly observed in interface between dentin and adhesive resin. In specimens applied with All Bond 2, the gap width of 2-$3{\mu}m$ was formed between exposed dentin and adhesive resin, and the hybrid layer and resin tags were not clearly formed either.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.121-126
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• 2011

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate shear bond strength (SBS) and failure site location of brackets bonded to enamel with or without desensitizer application. Methods: Sixty-six freshly extracted human premolar teeth were randomly divided into 3 groups of 22. Group 1 served as the control. Desensitizer was applied to the remaining teeth at two time intervals (Group 2, bonded immediately after Pro-$Relief^{TM}$ (Colgate-Palmolive Co., New York, NY, USA) application and Group 3, bonded 30 days after Pro-$Relief^{TM}$ application with the teeth stored in artificial saliva during the 30 days). Orthodontic brackets were bonded with a light cure composite resin and cured with a halogen light. After bonding, the SBS of the brackets was tested using a universal testing device. Adhesive remnant index (ARI) scores were determined after the brackets failed. Data were analyzed with analysis of variance, Tukey's HSD, and G tests. Results: The SBS was significantly lower in Group 2 than in Groups 1 (p = 0.024) and 3 (p = 0.017). Groups 1 and Group 3 did not differ (p = 0.991). ARI scores did not differ significantly among groups. Conclusions: The Pro-$Relief^{TM}$ desensitizer agent applied immediately before bonding significantly reduces bond strength, but the SBS values still exceed the minimum 5.9 - 7.8 MPa required for adequate clinical performance. Immersing the teeth in artificial saliva for 30 days after applying the Pro-$Relief^{TM}$ desensitizer agent and before bonding increased the SBS to control levels.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.655-664
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to observe the degree of surface obliteration of dentinal tubule using Gluma(R) desensitizer and MS coat(R) with 15 specimens made out of 15 extracted lower incisors. They were divided into Root planning group(control), Gluma(R) desensitizer group(test I ) and MS coat(R) group(test II). Degree of Obliteration was examined under the scanning electron microscope(${\times}$2000). The following results were obtained: 1. In the root planning group(control), the complete open of dentinal tubule surface was accounted for 73.8%, the partial obliteration for 17.2% and the complete obliteration for 9.0%. 2. In the Gluma(R) desensitizer group (test I), the complete open of dentinal tubule surface was accounted for 23.6%, the partial obliteration for 42.8% and the complete obliteration for 33.6%. 3. In the MS coat(R) group (test II), the complete open of dentinal tubule surface was accounted for 19.2%, the partial obliteration for 45.6% and the complete obliteration for 35.2%. 4. The average number of open dentinal tubules in the control was significantly higher than in the test I and II (P<0.05), but there were no statistically significant differences between the test I and II. 5. The average number of the partially obliterated and the completely blocked dentinal tubules in the control was significantly lower than the test I and II(P<0.05), but there were no statistically significant differences between the test I and II. The results of this study suggest that Gluma(R) desensitizer and MS coat(R) is significantly effective on dentinal tubule obliteration, therefore they were effective on hypersensitivity caused by periodontal treatment