• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제51권7호
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• pp.398-404
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• 2013

Apprehension and phobia regarding dental procedures are represent the most common deterrents in patients seeking dental care and very common. For these individuals, and others who cannot cooperate during care, procedural sedation may permit completion of intraoral procedures. In most cases, the level of sedation may be kept at minimal to moderate levels permitting patient maintenance of their airway patency and ventilation. Unlike many medical procedures, the majority of dental procedures, no matter the depth of sedation, are performed in the presence of complete analgesia provided by local anesthesia. Therefore, the goal of procedural sedation is to primarily suppress patient fear and apprehension and gain cooperation. Any issues regarding actual pain are usually limited to that produced by the local anesthetic injections or, rarely, the extent of the procedure. For the extremely phobic patient, however, allaying apprehension may be very challenging. Intravenous titration of sedative drugs is the most effective route of administration to achieve this goal but requires advanced training beyond that provided in undergraduate training.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.91-100
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• 2014

Partial-thickness rotator cuff tear (PTRCT) is not single disease entity but one phase of disease spectrum. Symptoms of PTRCT vary from being asymptomatic to severe pain leading to deterioration in quality of life. Pathogenesis of degenerative PTRCT is multifactorial. Whereas articular sided PTRCT is usually caused by internal causes, both internal and external causes have important role in bursal sided PTRCT. A detailed history, clinical examination and magnetic resonance angiography are used in the diagnosis of PTRCT. Treatment of PTRCT is chosen based on age, demands of patients, causes and depth of tear. In most patients, non-operative treatment should be initiated. Whereas debridement can be done for less than 6 mm of articular sided PTRCT and in less than 3 mm of bursal sided PTRCT, repair techniques should be considered for higher grade PTRCT than that. Although the effect of acromioplasty is not clear, acromioplasty may be performed when the extrinsic causes appear to be the cause of tear. Either transtendon repair technique or repair after tear completion provided satisfactory clinical outcomes in treatment of articular sided PTRCT.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제35권11호
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• pp.1271-1284
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• 2011

This study improves the fitness of Air Force winter service uniforms through the development of a shirt pattern drafting method and automatic pattern drafting program for MTM production. A calculation formula is formed through a correlation analysis and regression analysis using Size Korea 2004 3D measurement data after analyzing 4 kinds of existing shirt pattern drafting methods and 3 types of shirt patterns currently used for the Air Force service uniform. The results of this study are as follows: The developed pattern drafting method has 4 parts that use calculated dimensions: neck base width, front interscye, back interscye and scye depth. Other body measuring parts that have a high correlation with calculation parts are inserted into regression analysis as independent variables to create dimension calculation formulas. The result of the final study patterns were better than existing winter service uniforms in nearly all items for the appearance evaluation and motion adaptability evaluations. The method was converted into an automatic pattern drafting program using C++ after the completion of pattern drafting method development.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.243-252
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• 2021

The Gwangju Daein Art Market, once declared as a declined market, was regarded as a success after an inflow of artists. However, the number of resident artists decreased from 100 at the end of 2015 to 39, to 9 in 2018, and to 6 in 2021. The project site showed signs of decline toward the completion of the project, leading to a Longitudinal study on the project's sustainability. The purpose of this study is to investigate the causes of outflow of artists and the network characteristics of the remaining artists from a sustainability perspective and thereby draw policy implications. As an analysis method, in-depth interviews and surveys were conducted. After that, we checked the remaining artists in 2018 and 2021 and identified the network characteristics. Based on the interview results, the causes of outflow were classified into programmatic, physical, and other factors. The results of a comparison showed that the levels of understanding, satisfaction, and frequency of exchange decreased. The study also provides policy implications. First, a sustainable, long-term program for the artists must involve the improvement of physical space. Second, participation in the market should be encouraged by working with artists on program composition or business progress. Third, programs for supporting exchange among artists should be further strengthened.

• 천문학회보
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.32.3-32.3
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• 2018

We use the synthetic light-cone from the cosmological hydrodynamical simulation Horizon-AGN to produce a mock photometric galaxy catalogue on the redshift range 0

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.85-92
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 아파트단지 내 불량한 식생공간을 보수하거나 다양한 식생으로의 재조성하여 녹색의 질을 높이기 위한 방안으로 아파트 단지 내 조경관리 현황을 조사하고 식재지반인 토양상태를 파악하여 합리적인 계획 수립을 위한 기초 자료화하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 아파트 준공시점을 기준으로 동일한 규격의 수목이 동시에 식재되는 것을 감안해 준공연도를 5년 단위로 구분하고 식재기간 경과에 따른 수목생장과 토양성분의 차이를 분석하였다. 전체 조사대상지 9개소에 모두 식재된 수종 중 침엽수 4종과 활엽수 4종의 생육상태를 조사하여 한 결과 침엽수 중 가이즈까향나무 소나무, 활엽수 중에서는 꽃사과나무가 5년 이상의 식재기간이 경과되었을 때 가장 생육이 좋았다가 10년 이상 되었을 때는 생장이 감소하였다. 측백나무와 단풍나무는 10년 이상 된 지역의 수목이 생육이 가장 좋아 비교적 생장을 위한 기간이 많이 요구되는 수종이었다. 수목은 식재되어 있으나 지표면이 나지가 되어있는 지점의 토양경도를 분석한 결과 준공 후 5년 이상이 되면 20mm 이상의 답압 된 상태가 되는 것으로 조사되었고 토양이화학성은 준공 초기부터 지속적으로 pH는 높고 유기물함량은 비옥한 토양의 1/3 정도로 추가 시비가 필요한 상태였다. 본 결과를 토대로 나지부분의 재식재시에는 식재지 주변 배수로 설계와 토심 50cm 정도를 객토하고 왕겨 등의 유기질재료를 혼합하는 정도의 토양 개량 계획을 추가하여 수목 하부에 지피식물을 식재하는 것만으로 토양의 답압과 토양건강성을 회복하는 방안이 될 것이라고 사료된다.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.135-143
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 오염된 해양 퇴적물로부터 중금속(Cd, Cr, Cu, Zn) 용출 차단과 퇴적물 내에서 안정화를 위한 천연 제올라이트(natural zeolite, NZ)와 모래(sand, SD)의 피복 재료로서 적용성을 평가하였다. NZ와 SD의 중금속 차단 효율성 평가를 위해서 파랑을 발생시키는 임펠러가 부착된 수조에서 실험을 수행하였다. NZ 및 SD의 피복 두께를 0, 10, 30, 그리고 50mm로 달리하면서 실험을 수행하였으며, NZ 및 SD의 성능 평가를 위하여 해수 내 중금속 농도를 모니터링 하였다. 실험 종료 후에는 피복재료 바로 아래에 있는 퇴적물을 대상으로 중금속의 연속 추출 실험을 수행하였다. 실험 결과, 미피복 수조와 피복 수조의 pH, EC, 그리고 용존 산소 농도는 뚜렷한 차이를 나타내지 않았다. Cd, Cu 및 Zn과 같은 양이온의 용출은 NZ 및 SD 피복에 의해서 효과적으로 차단되었지만, Cr의 용출 차단은 50 mm 두께의 SD 피복에서만 나타났다. 그러나, 미피복 조건과 비교하여 50 mm의 SD 피복 시 Cr의 안정화는 이루어지지 않았다. NZ와 SD 피복은 Cd, Cu 및 Zn의 안정화에 효과적이었다. 본 연구를 통해 SD와 함께 NZ를 피복 재료로 사용은 Cd, Cr, Cu 및 Zn의 용출 차단 및 안정화에 효과적일 것으로 판단된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권10호
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• pp.1414-1419
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• 2009

The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of trivalent chromium from different sources on growth, carcass composition, and serum parameters in finishing pigs. Ninety-six crossbred pigs with an initial average body weight of 65.57${\pm}$1.05 kg were blocked by body weight and randomly assigned to four treatments with three replicates. Pigs were offered one of four diets including a control diet or the control diet supplemented with 200 ${\mu}g/kg$ chromium from either chromium chloride ($CrCl_{3}$), chromium picolinate (CrPic) or chromium nanocomposite (CrNano) for 40 days. After completion of the feeding trial, eight pigs from each treatment were selected to collect blood samples, and slaughtered to measure carcass composition. The results showed that supplemental chromium had no significant effect on growth performance, while CrNano increased carcass lean proportion and loin Longissimus muscle area (p<0.05), and decreased carcass fat proportion and 10th rib backfat depth (p<0.05). CrPic supplementation also resulted in lower fat proportion and larger Longissimus muscle area (p<0.05). The addition of Cr from CrNano or CrPic decreased serum glucose (p<0.05) and increased concentrations of total protein and free fat acid in serum (p<0.05). Serum urea nitrogen, triglyceride and cholesterol were decreased (p<0.05), and serum high density lipoprotein and lipase activity were increased (p<0.05) with the supplementation of CrNano. Serum insulin was decreased (p<0.05) by supplemental Cr from CrNano or CrPic, and serum insulin-like growth factor I was increased significantly in the CrNano treated group. These results suggest that chromium nanocomposite has higher efficacy on carcass composition in pigs compared to the traditional chromium sources.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제16권12호
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• pp.8228-8233
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• 2015

본 연구는 국내 최초로 설치되어 운영되고 있는 서울지방경찰청 관광경찰대를 중심으로 관광경찰대의 도입과 적응단계에 관한 인식을 조사한 것이다. 관광경찰대의 목적, 운영방향, 활동분야의 성격, 근무 환경에 대한 심층 면접을 통하여 자료를 수집하고 분석하였다. 관광경찰대 경찰공무원들의 활동에 대한 인식은 향후 관광경찰대 설치에 많은 영향을 줄 수 있다. 조사는 서울지방경찰청 관광경찰대 소속 경찰공무원 16명을 대상으로 실시하였으며, 자료의 분석은 질적 연구 분석 프로그램인 NVivo 10.0을 통해 진행되었다. 관광경찰대원들의 업무 경험에서 나타나는 인식을 착수기, 시행착오기, 숙련기, 관망기로 구분하였으며, 각 단계별 차이를 분석하였다. 각 단계는 개인별 근무 기간에 따라 차이를 나타냈으며, 관광경찰대의 정착과 완성도에 대한 견해도 차이를 나타내고 있음을 확인하였다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2013

This study reviews the current conditions of the completed 'Ecosystem Conservation Fund Return Project' sites to suggest management methods for their conservation and sustainability. For the scope of the study, five microsites of completed return projects in Seoul were selected and their project planning documents were reviewed to help with site surveying and analysis. To increase the accuracy of the site surveying and analysis, and to evaluate the management problems from different perspectives, the site managers were interviewed in-depth. The experts were surveyed as well to develop a realistic and practical improvement method. The survey results helped to categorize the post-management problems, and separate improvement methods were suggested for each category. First, the post-management guidelines are proposed for the ecosystem-based environment/ecosystem environment, user management, and monitoring. These guidelines will increase the expertise and practicality of the management principles. Second, the regulations for the participation of expert management enterprises and the development of separate monitoring or maintenance management team are suggested. These regulations will improve the participation of experts and consistency of management systems. Third, the post monitoring or maintenance management during the year after the project completion should be set as a separate project to secure budget. Furthermore, policies and/or institutions should be established to set a portion of ecosystem conservation return fund or a grant for post monitoring and maintenance management. Forth, as a way of adaptive management, at least more than three years of post-management should be evaluated under detailed categories and vigorous standard to improve the institutional operation for 'Ecosystem Conservation Fund Return Projects'.