• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.233-239
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• 2012

Purpose: In the study, the change of protein and lipid deposits on soft contact lens by drinking was investigated. Methods: Fifty male subjects wearing soft contact lens were surveyed whether they felt any discomfort induced by drinking or not. Further, 32 male subjects who has no ocular disease drank 190 mL alcohol. The protein and lipid deposits on soft contact lens (etafilcon A material) of subjects were measured after 4 hours later and compared with those of non-drinking subject. Results: When subjects drink alcohol with soft contact lens on, 58% of subjects answered they experienced the change of lens awareness such as stiffness, blurry sight, dryness and so on. The protein deposit on soft contact lens increased an average of $59.3{\mu}g/lens$ by drinking and the case of more than double in protein deposit was reached in 9 eyes. However, the protein deposited on soft contact lens was lysozyme which was unchanged by drinking. The amounts of cholesterol and methyl oleate after drinking were 85.5% (p=0.25) and 52.6% (p=0.002) of non-drinking's indicating some change of lipid deposit on soft contact lens by drinking. Conclusions: The results showed the composition of protein and lipid deposited on soft contact lens was changed due to drinking. Thus, it is suggested that wearing soft contact lens when drinking might be one of the reasons to feel discomfort.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.143-151
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• 2012

Purpose: The present study was conducted to investigate whether there is any difference in the centration of spherical RGP lens on cornea according to corneal types, corneal astigmatism and lens fitting states. Methods: Spherical RGP lens was fitted on 29 eyes of round-typed cornea and 45 eyes of symmetric bowtie-typed cornea with 0.00~2.75 D of corneal astigmatism in alignment, steep or flat. Their lens centrations on cornea were analyzed by taking photographs. Results: The centration of spherical RGP lens in the vertical direction was decentrated to downward direction in all cases, and the degree of decentration was not consistent. The lens centration in horizontal direction was significantly more-decentrated to the temporal meridian as base curve of lens was increased, and the degree of decentration was different according to the corneal type, corneal astigmatism and fitting states. With the same degree of astigmatism, the lens decentration to the temporal meridian was bigger in round-typed cornea than that in symmetirc bowtie-typed cornea. Conclusions: The centration of spherical RGP lens varies depending on lens fitting states, corneal astigmatism, and corneal types. Thus, the consideration of these factors may improve the success rate in RGP lens prescription.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.171-176
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was to compare changes in near lateral phoria and near point of convergence after viewing smartphones and monitors during short periods. Methods: 50 subjects with healthy eyes from 20s to 30s (mean age, $21.84{\pm}5.13$ years) were examined. Viewing time was set at 5 min to 20 min, and recovery time was 10 min. Near lateral phoria and near point of convergence (NPC) were examined before and after watching smartphones and monitors, and subjectively symptoms for visual fatigue were surveyed using a questionnaire before and after viewing image. Results: The tendency of phoria in viewing smartpones found more exophoric results than in viewing monitors, and both exophoric shifts were recovered after 10 min. The receded NPC in the smartphones was more remote than in the monitors. The smartpones induced more visual fatigue than the monitors. Conclusions: Sustained smartphone works induced changes in phoria and NPC, and this type of stress could cause visual fatigue. Therefore, an appropriate rest breaks can be helpful in relieving visual fatigue.

• The Korean Journal of Vision Science
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.393-401
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• 2018

Purpose : This survey aimed to investigate the differences in shape and color preference of eyeglasses and sunglasses between Korean and Chinese consumers. Methods : The questionnaire was conducted on 150 Chinese students studying in Korea and 150 Korean college students. Any student who majors in optometry was excluded. Chinese students were provided with questionnaires that were translated into Simplified Chinese characters, and it was translated by a native Chinese student studying in a master course of a Korean university, on the basis of Korean questionnaire. Results : The Chinese consumer group preferred the global famous brand in sunglasses rather than the glasses, and it was found that they preferred the Korean glasses products relatively. Also, they presented higher preference to half- or rimless frame, gold color, two-tone colored lens, comparing to the Korean consumer group. Conclusion : The results of this study are expected to contribute to Chinese marketing strategy of Korean manufacturing optical shop companies, and to sales strategy of Korean optical shops with Chinese tourists.

• The Korean Journal of Vision Science
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.483-495
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• 2018

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors affecting the mental health of students in the department of optometry by the gender and to provide differentiated help to student life and career guidance. Methods : Questionnaire for 132 students in the department of optometry in Chungcheong region was analyzed and mental health was compared and analyzed by the gender. In this study, a questionnaire by SCL-90-R was used, and all statistical information was statistically processed with a significance level of p<0.05 using SPSS 18.0 (SPSS 18.0 was used for processing statistical information with a significance level of p<0.05). Results : Students of the department of optometry presented mental health problems; somatization was 22.7%, psychasthenia was 28.3% and hostility was 12.8%. Depression and paranoia were 27.7% and 10.2% respectively, followed by interpersonal sensitivity, psychosis, phobia, and anxiety disorder with 14.7%, 10.4%, 5.9% and 17.4% respectively. Conclusion : About 28.7% of the students of the department of optometry students experienced somatization, psychasthenia or hostility due to negative mental health and female students ranked relatively higher in all variables than males. Therefore, it is judged that differentiated counseling and guidance in life will be needed for students based on their gender differences.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.345-352
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• 2012

Purpose: To determine adequacy of clinical practice of current job analysis and to develop standard clinical practice contents. Methods: Actual clinical practice contents were gathered from 2009 to 2011 and compared to job analysis according to gender, practice region, and year. Results: Mean clinical duty days was 24.5 days. An average of 2.74 task elements were identified and performed in a day. The task elements differed and practice content changes were observed in gender, practice region, and year. There was a difference in practice content in task element between male and female in relation to the overall task element of clinical work. Conclusions: There is a need to develop a standard practice content manual containing task elements that meet the requirements of actual clinical practice and education objects of optometry school.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.125-131
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• 2015

Purpose: The effect of pigmentation in circle contact lens on lens wearers' tear film stability was investigated in this study. Methods: Non-invasive tear film break-up times of 54 normal eyes before and after lens wearing in twenties and the portion of first tear breakup were measured. The frontal and back surface roughness of circle contact lens was further observed with a scanning electron microscope. The clear lens which was made of hilafilcon B and circle contact lenses which were made of hilafilcon B, polymacon and copolymer of HEMA NVP were tested. Results: Non-invasive tear film breakup time was significantly reduced compared with it before lens wearing. In some case, statistically significant difference in tear film breakup time was also observed between circle contact lenses. The tear file break-up was usually early started in lower than upper portion, and in temporal than nasal portion although there was variation in the lens material. The tear film break-up of circle contact lenses made of hilafilcon B was more commonly observed in peripheral portion(pigmented area) compared with clear contact lens made of same material. Conclusions: The present study revealed that the stability of tear film was affected by wearing circle contact lens and the result seems to be used as the basis for the problem solving that can occur due to the pigmentation when wearing circle contact lens.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 2014

Purpose: In this study, we have compared and analyzed customers' and optometrists' notions regarding franchise optical shops and independent optical shops, so that this research proposes a new direction for the optical industry. Methods: A survey was conducted on 152 customer who visited optical shop and 50 optometrist in Ulsan. Results: With regard to franchise optical shop, customers answered as advantages the well-organized system and service, while as disadvantages high prices and lack of communication. The advantages of independent optical shop, on the other hand, were good communication, fair prices, professionalism, while the disdvantages were lack of service, poor interiors, old-fashioned trends. Optometrists answered that advantages of franchise optical shop were service, system, communication, and successive education, while the disadavantages were monotonous interiors, excessive events, and lack of communication. Optometrists also answered that advantages of independent optical shop were service, and communication, while the disadvantages were poor system, lack of events, poor interiors. Conclusions: We could conclude that it is reasonable for optometrists to consider the advantages of their competitors in order to enhance their communication skills and professionalism, which will promote a healthy competition between them.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.135-143
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• 2014

Purpose: To evaluate the blue-light blocking ratio and luminous transmittance of blue-light blocking lenses using the blue-light hazard function as specified in international standard. Methods: In order to calculate the blue-light blocking ratio and luminous transmittance for a total of 41 blue-light blocking lenses from 8 manufacturers, UV-Vis spectrophotometer was used for measuring the spectral transmittance of wavelengths from 380 to 780 nm. Blue-light blocking ratio was calculated using blue-light hazard function as specified in ANSI Z80.3:2010 and ISO 13666(or Korean Standard KS B ISO 13666:2004). Results: The range of the blue-light blocking ratio was from 9.3 to 96.8%, the range of the transmittance from 53.5 to 92.7%, and the range of the luminous transmittance from 58.0% to 98.1%. In general the blue-light blocking lens prepared by coating tended to have a higher luminous transmittance, while those prepared by tinting a higher blue-light blocking ratio. Conclusions: The behavior of the spectral distribution of lenses showed the possibility of the performance improvement in the blue-light blocking lenses. Manufactures need to acquire their own technology that can evaluate the performance of blue-light blocking lens based in international standard.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.11
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• pp.661-666
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• 2013

The aim of this study was to evaluate the property of heterophoria and fusional reserve in Adults in Jeon-buk Area. We examined the corrected visual acuity, corrected refractive error, heterophoria and fusional reserve of 116 healthy myopes aged from 20 to 44 old who had no strabismus no ocular and phyisical diseases. Using Von Graefe test of horizontal heterophoria Measurement, we measured orthophoria(26.7%), exophoria(52.5%) and esophoria(20.7%) for at near distance. The subjects who had exophoria of 0-6${\Delta}$ in the range of normal state was 38.8%, while the subjects who had exophoria in the range of abnormal state was 61.2%. Reducing fusional reserve was associated with increasing phoria. We found a relationship between asthenopia and fusional reserve of heterophoria and considered that fusional reserve must be examined when we preserve for a patient with heterophoria. Furthermore, Gradient method AC/A ratio was found 4.03 and its relationship to refractive error could not be determined.