• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2006.10b
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• pp.571-574
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• 2006

Dependent type은 유리수, 리스트 함수, 행렬 곱 등 여러 가지 타입들의 제약 사항들을 충실히 표현하는 데에 필수적이기 때문에 이를 지원하는 타입 시스템을 탑재한 언어를 새로 개발하거나 기존 언어의 다른 특성들을 활용하여 이를 모의(simulate)하려는 시도가 다각도로 진행되고있으며, Haskell 타입 레벨 프로그래밍도 이런 모의 기법 중 하나다. 기존 타입 레벨 프로그래밍은 변별력의 손실이 없는 대신 이로 인해 관련 함수들의 타입이 복잡해지거나 확정하기 어려워지는 경우가 많아서 잘못된 프로그램을 작성할 위험 부담이 커진다. 실제로 dependent type이 필요한 경우들 중에는 매우 간단한 변별력만을 요구하는 경우가 많으므로, 귀납적 자료형을 이진 추상화하여 일부 변별력을 포기하는 대신 상대적으로 간단하게 dependent type과 관련 함수들의 타입을 확정하는 간소화된 타입 레벨 프로그래밍 기법을 제안한다.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.408-413
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• 2002

We demonstrated a polarization dependent type 2$\times$2 optical switch, using a binary reflection type SLM. Reflection type FLC was used as a half wave retardation plate. Two inputs were controlled by each SLM for the desired output direction. In conclusion, in the "1" state the average optical loss was 6.6 ㏈, and in the "0" state the average optical loss was 14.6 ㏈, and measured the switching speed as 75 $mutextrm{s}$. By using this method, a polarization dependent type 2$\times$2 optical switch can be demonstrated and the possibility of a 4-port WDM optical switch also verified.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.18-22
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• 2000

In previous reports we have shown that ginsenosides inhibit high threshold voltage-dependent $Ca^{2+}$ channels in neuronal cells. However, these studies did not show whether ginsenosides-induced inhibition of $Ca^{2+}$ currents discriminates among the various $Ca^{2+}$ channel subtypes, although it is known that there are at least five different $Ca^{2+}$ channel subtypes in neuronal cells. In this study we investigated the effect of ginsenosides on high threshold voltage-dependent $Ca^{2+}$ channel subtypes using their selective $Ca^{2+}$ channel blockers nimodipine (L-type), $\omega$-conotoxin GVIA (N-type), or $\omega$-agatoxin IVA (P-type) in bovine chromaffin cells. We could observe that ginsenosides inhibited high threshold voltage-dependent $Ca^{2+}$ currents in a dose-dependent manner. The $IC_{50}$/ was about 120 $\mu$g/ml. Nimodipine had no effect on ginsenosides response. However, the effect of ginsenosides on $Ca^{2+}$ currents was reduced by $\omega$-conotoxin GVIA, $\omega$-agatoxin IVA, and mixture of nimodipine, $\omega$-contoxin GVIA, and $\omega$-agatoxin IVA. These data suggest that ginsenosides are negatively coupled to three types of calcium channels in bovine chromaffin cell, including an $\omega$-conotoxin GVIA-sensitive (N-type) channel, an $\omega$-agatoxin IVA-sensitive (P-type) channel and nimodipine/$\omega$-conotoxin GVIA/$\omega$-agatoxin IVA-resistant (presumptive Q-type) channel.Q-type) channel.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.40 no.11
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• pp.864-870
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• 2017

The uncoupling protein 4 (ucp-4) gene is involved in age-dependent neurodegeneration in C. elegans. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the mechanism underlying the association between mitochondrial uncoupling and neurodegeneration by examining the effects of uncoupling agents and ucp-4 overexpression in C. elegans. Treatment with either DNP or CCCP improved neuronal defects in wild type during aging. Uncoupling agents also restored neuronal phenotypes of ucp-4 mutants to those exhibited by wild type, while ucp-4 overexpression attenuated the severity of age-dependent neurodegeneration. Neuronal improvements were further associated with reductions in mitochondrial membrane potentials. However, these age-dependent neuroprotective effects were limited in mitophagy-deficient mutant, pink-1, background. These results suggest that membrane uncoupling can attenuate age-dependent neurodegeneration by stimulating mitophagy.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.349-362
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• 2020

Temperature affects the firing pattern and electrical activity of neurons in animals, eliciting diverse responses depending on neuronal cell type. However, the mechanisms underlying such diverse responses are not well understood. In the present study, we performed in vitro recording of abdominal ganglia cells of Aplysia juliana, and analyzed their burst firing patterns. We identified atypical bursting patterns dependent on temperature that were totally different from classical bursting patterns observed in R15 neurons of A. juliana. We classified these abnormal bursting patterns into type 1 and type 2; type 1 abnormal single bursts are composed of two kinds of spikes with a long interspike interval (ISI) followed by short ISI regular firing, while type 2 abnormal single bursts are composed of complex multiplets. To investigate the mechanism underlying the temperature dependence of abnormal bursting, we employed simulations using a modified Plant model and determined that the temperature dependence of type 2 abnormal bursting is related to temperature-dependent scaling factors and activation or inactivation of potassium or sodium channels.

• Journal of the Chungcheong Mathematical Society
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.75-83
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• 2011

In this paper the Baum-Katz law of large numbers for negatively orthant dependent random variables is studied. The complete convergence of negatively orthant dependent random variables under some conditions of uniform integrablity is also obtained.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.22 no.1_2
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• pp.523-533
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• 2006

We analyze two finite buffers queueing system with priority scheduling dependent upon queue length. Customers are classified into two types ( type-l and type-2 ) according to their characteristics. Here, the customers can be considered as traffics such as voice and data in telecommunication networks. In order to support customers with characteristics of burstiness and time-correlation between interarrival, the arrival of the type-2 customer is assumed to be an Markov- modulated Poisson process(MMPP). The service order of customers in each buffer is determined by the queue length of two buffers. Methods of embedded Markov chain and supplementary variable give us information for queue length of two buffers. Finally, performance measures such as loss and mean delay are derived.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.314-319
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• 1995

Antacid granules were prepared by agglomeration and powder method in high speed agitation type granulator. The copmositions of the test antacids were sodium bicarbonate nad magnesium carbonate nad a coating material was powder of polyvinylacetal diethyl-aminocacetate (AEA) and an additive material was talc powder. The dissolution characteristics of base from the antacid granules were investigated to evaluate neutralization capacity of hydrochloric profile of base and neutralization behavior, the following results were obtained : The prepared granules showed a pH-dependent dissolution pattern of a base. The dissolution profile of a base was varied with addition of talc powder as well as coating amount of AEA. The relationship between the ratio of dissolution retarded time for 20% and 10% AEA. The relationship between the ratio of dissolution retarded time for 20% AEA coated granules $\theta_{20}/\theta_{10}$ and the diameter reduction of the granules was explained by the rate process of neutralization of hydrochloric acid.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.42 no.5 s.335
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• pp.9-14
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• 2005

Simulation method for a pure radio-frequency (rf) mode of reflection-type and a pure rf mode of transmission-type radio-frequency single-electron transistor (RF-SET) operation is introduced. In this method, the solutions of differential equations based on Kirchhoff's law are obtained self-consistently at frequency-domain. Also, the steady-sate single-electron transistor (SET) current model and the time-dependent SET current model are used in this method. The reflected wave of a typical reflection-type RF-SET and the transmitted wave of a typical transmission-type RF-SET are calculated, and the accuracy of our developed method including the steady-state SET current model is verified with the method introduced by reference 2. At high frequency over GHz, results of our developed method including the time-dependent SET current model are considerably different from that including the steady-state SET current model. At high frequency over GHz, an exact time-dependent SET current model is needed to analyze RF-SET operation.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.324-329
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• 1997

AB-type amphiphilic copolymers (abbreviated as LE) composed of poly (L-leucine) (PLL) as the A component and poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO) as the B component were synthesized by the ring-opening polymerization of L-leucine N-carboxy-anhydride initiated by methoxy polyoxyethylene amine $(Me-PEO-NH_2)$ and characterized. Core-shell type nanoparticles were prepared by the diafiltration method. Particle size distribution obtained by dynamic light scattering was dependent on PLL composition and the size for LE-1, LE-2 and LE-3 was $369.6{\pm}267$, $523.4{\pm}410$ and $561.2{\pm}364 nm$, respectively. Shapes of the nanoparticies observed by transmission electron microscope (TEM) were almostly spherical. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of the nanoparticles determined by a fluorescence probe technique was dependent on the composition of hydrophobic PLL, and the CMC for LE-1, LE-2 and LE-3 was $2.0{\times}10^{-6},1.7{\times}10^{-6}$ and $1.5{\times}10^{-6}(mol/l) $, respectively. Clonazepam release from core-shell type nanoparticles in vitro was dependent on PLL composition and drug loading content.