• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.122-130
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• 2013

The demand and the supply are increasing sharply in accordance with the growth of the Memory Semiconductor Industry. The Flash Memory above all is being utilized substantially in the Industry of smart phone, the tablet PC and the System on Chip (SoC). The Flash Memory is divided into the NOR-type Flash Memory and the NAND-type Flash Memory. A lot of study such as the Built-In Self Test (BIST), the Built-In Self Repair (BISR) and the Built-In Redundancy Analysis (BIRA), etc. has been progressed in the NOR-type fash Memory, the study for the Built-In Self Test of the NAND-type Flash Memory has not been progressed. At present, the pattern test of the NAND-type Flash Memory is being carried out using the outside test equipment of high price. The NAND-type Flash Memory is being depended on the outside equipment as there is no Built-In Self Test since the erasure of block unit, the reading and writing of page unit are possible in the NAND-type Flash Memory. The Built-In Self Test equipped with 2 kinds of finite state machine based structure is proposed, so as to carry out the pattern test without the outside pattern test equipment from the NAND-type Flash Memory which carried out the test dependant on the outside pattern test equipment of high price.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.80 no.2
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• pp.220-231
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• 1991

The main purpose of this research is to standardize the logging operation with special reference to the net working time for thinning. This study was carried out to obtain the standard working method and working technique for Korean logging operation through the comparison of the present Korean working method and the German standard working method 1. The net working time devided into work elements showed little difference between those two working methods. 2. From the correlation analysis, net working time was significantly correlated with breast height diameter, the dependant variable, with the highest correlation coefficient in each species. 3. Total working time increases by 11 to 13 seconds to every 1 centimeter increase in breast height diameter from i to 16 centimeter. 4. The result of this study concluded that the German working method is recommended for improving the labour problems in the forest operation due to high wages and lack of manpower gradually increasing from now in Korea. In addition to the application of this standard working method, the technical training for the method should be done to the workers for improving the productivity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.11
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• pp.1385-1390
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• 2007

Anticarcinogenic-active compound was isolated and purified from Angelica gigas Nakai. The compound was identified as decursin ($C_{19}H_{20}O_5$; molecular weight 328) by mass, IR spectrophotometry $^1H-NMR$ and $^{13}C-NMR$. The proliferation decreased in a dose dependant fashion in the MCF-7 cells treated with decursin for 24 hours over the concentration of $20{\mu}g/mL$. The $IC_{50}$ value of the decursin treatment for 24 hours were 31.04, 33.60, 27,24, $20.45{\mu}g/mL$ in the SW480, 293, HepG2 and MCF-7 cells, respectively, The growth inhibitory effect was stronger in the MCF-7 cells compared to other cells including 293 of human normal cells. The chromatin condensation, apoptotic body formation and DNA fragmentation were examined in the cells treated with decursin. These results suggest that decursin from Angelica gigas Nakai inhibited the growth through apoptosis in MCF-7 cells.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.214-222
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• 2011

To examine the new practical utilization of mucilages in Opuntia humifusa, polysaccharides were isolated from O. humifusa and their anti-metastatic activity and structural analysis were carried out. In experimental lung metastasis of B16BL6 melanoma cells, prophylactically intravenous (i.v.) administration of the crude polysaccharide (CNC-0) from O. humifusa significantly inhibited lung metastasis in a dose-dependant manner. The main polysaccharide, CNC-Ia was purified to homogeneity from CNC-0 by two successive column chromatographies using DEAE-Sepharose FF and Sephadex G-100 and its structure was characterized. Molecular mass of CNC-Ia was estimated to be 700 kDa and it mainly consisted of arabinose, galactose and xylose in addition to two minor sugars such as rhamnose and fucose. Methylation analysis indicated that CNC-Ia comprised at least 18 different glycosyl linkages such as terminal Araf, 5-linked Araf, 4-linked Galp and terminal Xylp in addition to three characteristic linkages such as full branched Araf, 3,4,6-branched Galp and full branched Galp. To analyze the fine structure of CNC-Ia, it was sequentially digested by exo-${\alpha}$-L-arabinofuranosidase and endo-${\beta}$-1,4-D-galactanase. These analyses suggested that CNC-Ia belongs to be a highly branched Type I arabinogalactan which has a ($1{\rightarrow}4$)-${\beta}$-galactan backbone with arabinosyl oligosaccharide side chains.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.105 no.1
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• pp.139-148
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to evaluate critically the effects of forest experience on young children using meta-analysis. To test this, a total 30 studies were identified, and mean effect size of variables was calculated by applying Fixed-effect model. As a result, the overall effect size of forest experience on young children was 0.797. The effect sizes of daily type as a program type had an effect than experience type at the level of .939. And also the effect sizes of period program (more 4month), number of participants (10-20people), program time (180minute), dependant variables (multiple intelligence) yield effects 0.972, 0.980, 1.138 and 0.957 respectively. As the result, this study implies a way which is to derive effectively further studies on the forest experience on young children.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.231-237
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• 2012

Toxicity of $Ni^{2+}$ and Tebuconazole were investigated via FETAX (Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay-Xenopus) protocol using domestic frog embryos. Embryos of Black-spotted pond frog, Rana nigromaculata, were incubated and toxic effects of $Ni^{2+}$ and Tebuconazole were investigated by probit analysis. As a result, mortality and malformation rates were increased and larval body length was decreased in a dose dependant manner of $Ni^{2+}$ and Tebuconazole. The half maximal effective concentration ($EC_{50}$) of $Ni^{2+}$ and Tebuconazole were 0.07, $12.7mg\;L^{-1}$, respectively and the half maximal lethal concentration ($LC_{50}$) of $Ni^{2+}$ and Tebuconazole were 4.2, 39.1, respectively. The teratogenic index (TI) were 61.4 in $Ni^{2+}$ and 3.1 in Tebuconazole, respectively. These results reveals that $Ni^{2+}$ and Tebuconazole suppress the development of Black-spotted pond frog embryos at the low concentration as showing teratogenic effects in other assay system. Therefore, teratogen assay system using the Rana nigromaculata embryos could be useful as a tool to evaluate the toxicity of the pollutants in environment.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.694-699
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• 2009

The antimutagenic activities of ethanol extracts of Korean and American propolis were tested using Salmonella Typhimurium TA98 with two indirect mutagens of 3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido [4,3-b]indole (Trp-P-1) and 2-aminoanthracene (2-AA) with S9 mix. Additionally, their antimicrobial activities against acne-related pathogenic strains of Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus Epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were evaluated using both paper disk method and agar dilution method. Ethanol extracts of Korean and American propolis showed strong inhibitory effects, in a dose dependant manner, against the mutagenicities induced by Trp-P-1 and 2-AA. The antimutagenic effect of ethanol extracts of Korean propolis showed significantly higher protective activity than that of American propolis against the Trp-P-1 induced mutagenicity of S. Typhimurium TA98 at the lower concentration ($1-10\;{\mu}g$), but significantly lower protective activity at the higher concentration ($50-200\;{\mu}g$). The antimutagenic effect of ethanol extract of Korean propolis showed significantly higher protective activity than that of American propolis against the 2-AA induced mutagenicity at the concentration of $1\;{\mu}g$, but significantly lower protective activity than that of the American at the higher concentration ($50-200\;{\mu}g$). Both extracts showed strong antimicrobial activities against all the acne-related pathogens tested, with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values in the range $1,500-5,000\;{\mu}g/mL$.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.35-42
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• 1996

A rapid analytical method based on capillary electrophoresis is described for the determination of trace anions in high-purity chemicals which is used to prevent corrosion demage in nuclear power plants. Separations are carried out at 20kV using trimethylsilane-coated fused-silica capillary ($70cm{\times}50$ or $75{\mu}m$ i.d.) with the electrolyte of 5mM Chromate(pH=8). Detection was achieved using on-column indirect photometry at 254nm. The simultaneous analysis of inorganic anions, chloride, nitrate, sulfate, azide and phosphate was performed using methods of hydrodynamic(>1ppm) and / or electrokinetic(<1ppm) injection. The results of studies on the coexisting anions on analyte ions shows that peak responses of analyte in hydrodynamic injection is constant without effect of coexisting anions, but those of analysis in electrokinetic injection is strongly dependant upon the kind of coexisting anions and its ionic mobility. The analyte enrichment rate, hence peak response, is positive relationship with the resistance of the sample solution. Thus, appropriate measures, such as standard addition or internal standard technique, must be used to account for differences in conductance of standard and sample solutions.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.425-435
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• 2016

In this paper, we propose a classification model by analyzing raw material images recorded using a color CCD camera to automatically classify good and defective agricultural products such as rice, coffee, and green tea, and raw materials. The current classifying agricultural products mainly depends on visual selection by skilled laborers. However, classification ability may drop owing to repeated labor for a long period of time. To resolve the problems of existing human dependant commercial products, we propose a vision based automatic raw material classification combining mean shift clustering and stepwise region merging algorithm. In this paper, the image is divided into N cluster regions by applying the mean-shift clustering algorithm to the foreground map image. Second, the representative regions among the N cluster regions are selected and stepwise region-merging method is applied to integrate similar cluster regions by comparing both color and positional proximity to neighboring regions. The merged raw material objects thereby are expressed in a 2D color distribution of RG, GB, and BR. Third, a threshold is used to detect good and defective products based on color distribution ellipse for merged material objects. From the results of carrying out an experiment with diverse raw material images using the proposed method, less artificial manipulation by the user is required compared to existing clustering and commercial methods, and classification accuracy on raw materials is improved.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.47-62
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• 2012

Objectives : This study is to figure the relations of the heart rate variability, body component analysis and accompanying symptoms of 350 insomnia patients. Methods : For this study we evaluated Heart Rate Variability(HRV) and body component analysis on 350 insomnia patients who visited Dongeui oriental hospital of Dongeui university from January 2008 to March 2012. The accompanying symptoms was collected based on each patient's progress note. Results : 1. There was no difference between PR, LF and VLF of male and female groups. HF was higher in the patients' of female group and LF/HF ratio was higher in the male group. The patients' group of age under 39 had higher HF, LF, VLF and LF/HF ratio than the group over 39. 2. The average of LF was the smallest, and the average of VLF was in the middle, while the average of HF was the largest. 3. Regarding patients' age and gender, as the patients' age increased, their HF, LF, VLF and LF/HF ratio decreased significantly. HF, LF, VLF, and LF/HF ratios were, however, independent on the patients' gender. As the patients' age increased, their BMI increased, while the patients' gender did not affect on their BMI. The amount of visceral fat increased with the patients' age, but wasn't dependent on the patients' gender. 4. As the patients' BMI increased, PR and LF decreased. As the patients' amount of visceral fat increased, PR, HF, LF and VLF decreased. 5. The most frequent accompanying symptoms of the insomnia patients was headache. Neither HF nor LF/HF ratio was dependant on any of the accompanying symptoms. Patients with anxiety showed significantly higher LF than those without anxiety. Patients with fatigue and physical pain showed significantly higher VLF than those without either of them. Conclusions : The study showed that as the insomnia patients age increased, the HF, LF, VLF, LF/HF ratio significantly decreased, but the BMI and visceral fat increased. The HF, LF, VLF, LF/HF ratio BMI, or the visceral fat was independent on the gender. As BMI increased, PR and LF decreased. As visceral fat increased, PR HF, LF and VLF decreased. Patients presenting anxiety had higher LF. Patients either with fatigue or physical pain had higher VLF. Neither HF nor LF/HF ratio had any significant correlation with any of the accompanying symptoms.