• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.165-175
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• 2015

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in child and adolescent outpatients at a university hospital in Daegu from 2004 to 2013. Methods : The subjects were first-visit patients under 18 years old, who visited Dongsan Medical Center, Keimyung University, from January 1, 2004 to December 31, 2013. Computerized medical records of 2,738 patients (male 1,906, female 832) were reviewed. Results : The ratio of male to female was 2.3 : 1 in the period of study. The most prevalent age category was 7-9 years. The mean age was $10.12{\pm}4.68$ years ($9.84{\pm}4.59$ years in males, $10.76{\pm}4.81$ years in females). The ratio of child and adolescent patients to total outpatients was 27.0%. The most common diagnostic category was the attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) group, followed by the mental retardation (MR) group. In males, the ADHD, MR, communication disorder groups were more prevalent, but in females, the MR, ADHD, depressive disorder groups were more prevalent. Conclusion : The female to male ratio and total mean age were on the rise. The ADHD group was the most prevalent and the depressive disorder group was also on the rise in this period.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.50-58
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• 2016

Objectives : This study was performed to find out the characteristics of outpatients and diseases in dermatology of Korean medicine and compare to previous studies.Methods : We reviewed the medical records of total 3,041 outpatients in dermatology of Korean medicine at Kyung Hee Korean medicine hospital from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2015. We found out demographic characteristics of outpatients and observed the diseases in order of frequency by age and sex. Then, we compared these results to previous studies performed at same hospital in 2000 and 2007.Results and Conclusions : 1. Among the total 3,041 outpatients in 2011-2015, male patients were 1,184(38.87%) and female patients were 1,857(61.07%). 2. There were 203(6.68%) patients in 0-10 years old, 455(14.96%) patients in 11-20, 918(30.19%) patients in 21-30, 582(19.14%) patients in 31-40, 359(11.81%) patients in 41-50, 265(8.71%) patients in 51-60, and 259(8.52%) patients in more than 61 years old. 3. The common diseases in 2011-2015 were seborrheic dermatitis(17.33%), eczema(13.32%), urticaria(12.89%), atopic dermatitis(12.36%), pruritus(9.90%), acne(8.85%), and alopecia(6.08%). 4. The most common diseases by age groups were atopic dermatitis(0-10, 11-20 years old), seborrheic dermatitis(21-30, 31-40, 41-50 years old), urticaria(51-60 years old), and pruritus(more than 61 years old). 5. The common diseases in male patients were seborrheic dermatitis(20.69%), atopic dermatitis(15.46%), and urticaria(12.25%) and female patients were seborrheic dermatitis(15.19%), eczema(15.13%), and urticaria(13.30%). 6. The most increasing disease in the distribution between 2004-2006 and 2011-2015 is rosacea(+462.93%), and the most decreasing disease is vitiligo(-72.05%).

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.133-139
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• 1999

The purpose of this survey was to investigate eating habits, life styles and nutritional care of diabetic outpatients and to provide basic data for developing individualized nutritional care and diabetic education programs. This survey was carried out by nutritional counseling with a questionnaire and checking medical record. Information about the general characteristics of the subjects, eating habits, health-related life styles and attitude and perception of subjects to diet therapy was gathered from 200 randomly-sampled diabetic outpatients at a University Hospital located in Inchon. All data were analyzed by Statistical Analysis System(SAS) software. The results are summarized as follows : Female subjects were 63.5% of total subjects and 65.5% of total subjects were 50 years or more. The average Body Mas Index(BMI) of male and female subjects were 23.06kg/㎡ and 25.02kg/㎡ respectively and 44% of all subjects wee obese. Among subjects, type II diabetic patients were 81.0% and 82.5% of subjects had suffered from diabetes for more than one year. Also 41% subjects had diabetic history in their family. More than half of the subjects had nutrition education concerning diabetes. Also 75.5% of them thought that nutrition education was effective. The most important guideline in diet therapy was to eat cooked rice with dietary fiber-rich grains. Therefore, it might be necessary to develop nutrition education program adjusted according to diabetic patient's needs and life styles, which may increase feasibility of self-care and implementation of management guidelines.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.162-173
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• 2018

Objectives: This study examined the effects of nutrition education on the nutritional status, including eating habits and quality of life in gastric cancer patients undergoing a gastrectomy. Methods: Thirty one out-gastric resection patients at C University Hospital in Gwangju, Korea were enrolled in this study. The patients received an individualized nutritional counseling session, and the effects were assessed before and after a 3-month nutrition education intervention. Nutrition education for gastric cancer outpatients included the dietary guidelines (e.g., food intake), the level of nutrient intake, and nutrition support. Results: The patients had significantly improved serum albumin and hematocrit levels after nutrition education. Of the dietary habits, the meal time and amount of food compared to the first education were increased significantly. Of the changes in the food intake frequency, fish and meat, and vegetables and fruits intake were increased, but not at a statistically significant level. The score of eating habits related to the gastrectomy was improved significantly after nutrition education from 31.7 to 34.5. The composite scores for the quality of life were also improved significantly after the nutrition education program. Conclusions: The nutrition education for gastric cancer outpatients may be crucial and efficient for improving their lifestyle.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.151-159
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• 2009

Objectives : This study was to determine how the perception and the satisfaction of outpatients who utilized clinics and hospitals are structurally related with their willingness to utilize the same institution in the future. Methods : Three hundred and ten responses (via convenient sampling) were collected from 5 hospitals and 20 clinics located in Seoul listed in the "Korea National Hospital Directory 2005". Service quality was utilized as the satisfaction measurement tool. For analysis, we used a structural equation modeling method. Results : The determining factors for general satisfaction with medical services are as follows: medical staff, reasonability of payment, comfort and accessibility. Such results may involve increased competition in the medical market and increased demands for quality medical services, which drive the patients to visit hospitals on their own on the basis of changed determining factors for satisfaction. Conclusions : The structural equation model showed that the satisfaction of outpatients with the quality of medical services is influenced by a few sub-dimensional satisfaction factors. Among these sub-dimensional satisfaction factors, the satisfaction with medical staff and payment were determined to exert a significant effect on overall satisfaction with the quality of medical services. The structural relationship in which overall satisfaction perceived by patients significantly influences their willingness to use the same institution in the future was also verified.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.196-203
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• 2017

Objectives Childhood trauma increases substantial risks for later developing not only mental health issues including psychotic illnesses such as schizophrenia but also physical illness. In this study, possible associations of childhood trauma with metabolic syndrome and physical heath indices were tested among outpatients with schizophrenia. Methods A final sample of 46 adult outpatients with schizophrenia was recruited from an outpatient psychiatric unit of Hanyang University Guri Hospital. Participants completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF), laboratory tests and physical measurement including Body Mass Index (BMI) and Waist to hip ratio (WHR). The Clinical Global Impression (CGI) scale and the Global Assessment of Functioning scale (GAF) were also administered. Results We did not find significant correlations between total scores of childhood trauma and any of these variables, but physical neglect was negatively associated with BMI (r = -0.329, p = 0.026) and waist circumference (r = -0.304, p = 0.040). Conclusions In this preliminary study, we noted that subtypes of childhood trauma could contribute to physical health status separately. Clinicians need to consider the possibility that childhood trauma may affect physical health as well as psychological aspect of schizophrenic illness.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.107-120
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• 2012

Objectives: Clinically, patients with dyspepsia often complain of several gastrointestinal (GI) and extra-GI symptoms. However, there have been few studies investigating the relationship between GI symptoms and extra-GI symptoms. The aim of this study was to characterize the clinical features of the 991 outpatients with GI and extra-GI symptom and the relationships between GI and extra-GI symptoms. Methods: 991 patients newly visiting Weedahm Oriental Hospital for GI symptoms were included. Those who had disorders caused by the hepatobiliary-pancreatic system were excluded. The 991 outpatients were interviewed with a standardized questionnaire inquiring about demography, past medical history, past institutional care, GI symptoms and extra-GI symptoms. Results: Among 991 patients, 780 (78.7%) had more than three GI symptoms and 451 (45.5%) had more than five. Among 991 patients, 545 (55.0%) had more than three extra-GI symptoms and 285 (28.8%) had more than five. There was a statistically significant correlation between GI symptoms and extra-GI symptoms such as headache, fatigue, forgetfulness, eyeball pain, unrest, dizziness, muscle pain, chest pain, and dyspnea. Conclusions: We found that there was statistically significant correlation between GI symptoms and extra-GI symptoms, which suggests the possibility of main common pathophysiology between GI symptoms and extra-GI symptoms. Further studies will be required to elucidate the main common pathophysiology between GI symptoms and extra-GI symptoms.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.455-460
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• 2010

We evaluated the inappropriateness of metformin use in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic medical conditions to identify the frequency of the prescription metformin in violation of the food and drug administration (FDA) black box warning. We reviewed medical records of 307 outpatients who received metformin at endocrinology department in a hospital setting between January 1, 2005 and August 30, 2009. Of the 307 outpatients, 25 discontinued treatment of metformin due to elevated serum creatinine level (Scr${\geq}$1.5 mg/dl in male, Scr${\geq}$1.4 mg/dl in female), cancers, and/or liver disease. 5 were lost to follow-up. 89 (29.0%) of the patients had cardiovascular disease, 54.1% for hypertension, 9.8% for liver disease, and 60 (20.8%) for chronic kidney disease. 12 patients (3.9%) with chronic kidney disease and/or elevated serum creatinine level, and 1 patient (0.3%) with lactic acidosis were contraindicated to metformin use. Metformin should be avoided in 7 outpatients (2.3%) with active hepatitis and 1 patient (2.6%) with liver cirrhosis. Of the 307 outpatients, 13 (4.2%) patients who received metformin at the first visit and 16 (8.7%) patients who received metformin at the last visit violated to black box warning. 8 (2.6%) of the patients were in precautionary conditions to metformin use. Adjusted mean difference of serum creatinine was -0.16 mg/dl [95% CI: -0.22 to -0.11 (p<0.05)] and adjusted mean difference of alanine aminotransferase was 4.46 IU/l [95% CI: 2.47 to 6.44 (p<0.05)] between the first visit and the last visit. Critical number of elderly patients who are at the high risks of drug-disease and drug-laboratory interaction is exposed to the inappropriate metformin use in violation of black box warning. The periodic evaluation of metformin use and monitoring prescription through drug utility review (DUR) system is needed to improve patients' safety and to reduce adverse drug events.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.151-167
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• 2002

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to present the direction of service marketing for improving customers' satisfaction by comparing the difference in medical and nursing service satisfaction between internal and external customers. Method : The subjects were outpatients and inpatients as the external customers and nurses, doctors, and staffs as the internal customers, in a university hospital. Data were collected from April 25 to May 2, 2001 through questionnaires. The 2 structured instruments were used for collecting the data: Customer Satisfaction Measurement 2000 developed by Korean Society of Quality Assurance in Health Care(1999) and nursing service satisfaction questionnaires by the researcher. Data were analyzed using SPSSWIN 9.0 with t-test, one-way ANOVA, scheffe test.Result : 1. In overall medical service satisfaction scores, external customers' satisfaction showed significantly higher than internal customers'(p=.000) and there was no significant difference between external customers(p>.05). But there was significant difference between internal customers(p<.05). 2. There was no significant difference in nursing service satisfaction between the external and internal customers (p>.05). In the external customers, inpatients' nursing service satisfaction showed significantly higher than outpatients' (p<.001). And there was significant difference in nursing service satisfaction between internal customers(p<.05). Conclusion : To increase external customers' satisfaction with medical and nursing service, hospital should carry out internal marketing strategies for improving internal customers' satisfaction. Also to increase outpatients' satisfaction, it should conveniently improve procedures of use and provide more information and education for outpatients.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.16-21
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• 2011

Objective : Depressive symptoms often coexist with other anxiety disorder symptoms. Furthermore, an anxiety disorder that is comorbid with a depressive disorder results in more severe symptoms and a poorer outcome prognosis. To understand the construct of depressive symptoms in anxiety disorder, this study investigated the factor structure of the Beck Depression Inventory among outpatients with anxiety disorders. Methods : All data were from psychiatric department outpatients at a university-affiliated hospital. We conducted a principal component analysis using data from 194 outpatients with DSM-IV anxiety disorders and calculated goodness-of-fit-indices. Results : Exploratory factor analysis revealed a four factor structure--Cognitive-affective symptoms (Factor 1), Somatic symptoms (Factor 2), Self-reproach (Factor 3), and Hypochondriasis/indecisiveness (Factor 4)--and a 57% total variance. This four-factor model demonstrated an acceptable level of model fit, and it fit better than did a three-factor solution from the literature on depressive disorder. Conclusion : This study's results suggest a difference in the construct of self-reported depressive symptoms in anxiety disorders. These findings also support a dimensional approach to studying anxiety and depression. Further studies may benefit from including comorbid depressive disorder and its influence on anxiety disorders.