• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.23-33
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• 2023

Purpose: This paper provides a literature review of both qualitative and quantitative research on service delivery in urban local authorities as portrayed in literature and offers more insight into the concept thereby developing and facilitating an improved understanding of service delivery and proffering strategies for improving service delivery in urban local authorities. Research design, data and methodology: The study adopted a desktop research methodology. Empirical and theoretical research and articles which are relevant to service delivery in urban local authorities are reviewed and analysed. Only secondary information gathered through those articles and research is used to analyse and build literature review on service delivery in urban local authorities. Results: a literature review of both qualitative and quantitative research on service delivery in urban local authorities as portrayed in literature proffering strategies for improving service delivery in urban local authorities. Conclusions: It is evident that service delivery is an area which needs more attention, especially in developing countries. The service delivery environment is also changing rapidly, calling for strategies to match such changes. This paper facilitates an improved understanding of service delivery, proffering strategies for improving service delivery in urban local authorities. These strategies are essential in improving service delivery challenges.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.25-34
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• 2022

Purpose: Food delivery services are rapidly increasing due to the recent COVID-19 outbreak. This study examines how much taste, price, brand, and reliability affect the satisfaction of delivery apps and delivery companies in food delivery services, as well as its effects on repurchase intentions. Research design, data and methodology: Empirical analysis was conducted through questionnaire survey on a coffee shop that started delivery services. Reliability and validity were analyzed, and hypotheses were verified through confirmatory factor analysis, discriminant validity analysis, and path analysis using structural equation modelling. Results: The factors affecting the satisfaction of delivery apps at coffee shops were taste and brand image. Only 'taste' had a statistically significant effect on the factor that made consumers feel satisfaction. In addition, satisfaction with delivery apps of coffee shops and delivery companies had a statistically significant effect on repurchase intention. The company should focus on improving the image of the coffee application rather than the corporate image. Conclusions: Now and in the future, F&B companies will have to recognize and respond, as well as rethink on how to deliver satisfaction of delivery apps and delivery companies to consumers in the ever-increasing delivery competition. This study provides implications through satisfaction analysis of coffee delivery apps and companies.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.10 no.10
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• pp.45-51
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• 2019

Purpose - The purpose of this study was to propose a win-win development plan for not only suppliers of delivery applications but also traditional market vendor companies and delivery riders by analyzing existing delivery models and presenting a new delivery model to enhance competitiveness of the traditional market using delivery apps. Research desgin, data, and methodology - Specifically, small retailers, such as traditional markets and supermarkets, presented a compromised delivery model that utilizes the platform of specialized delivery app service providers for order reception, and that the delivery is delivered by delivery systems jointly hired by Vendor companies, such as franchising companies. To validate the significance of the trade-off delivery model, a cost-benefit analysis was conducted by those involved in the delivery application. Results - From the perspective of suppliers of specialized delivery applications, it is analyzed that the use of specialized delivery applications in traditional markets will be a new market opportunity for service providers to achieve increased sales. It is expected that consumer choice and satisfaction will be increased as convenience and accessibility of traditional market businesses that were available only through direct visit from the user side of the delivery application will be expanded. From the standpoint of delivery application franchises, it is analyzed that they can seek to increase sales and increase customer service as well as ease labor cost burden due to joint employment of delivery riders. The delivery rider will be able to seek to improve customer service due to job security, wage stability, risk reduction and overheated competition due to direct employment. Conclusion - In conclusion, the compromised delivery model solved the problems raised in the preceding study conducted on delivery application suppliers, users, franchises, and riders to establish that it could be a strategic alternative to increasing sales and expanding detailed rights for the self-employed in the traditional market, which are experiencing difficulties in management. However, the adoption of a compromise delivery model requires social consensus from those involved in the delivery application and requires legal, institutional and policy support, which will require continued follow-up research on the delivery model in the future.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.231-241
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• 2023

Messenger RNA (mRNA)-based vaccines and treatments have recently emerged as a promising strategy. Naked mRNA presents various limitations for direct delivery. Therefore, in this paper, Lipid Nanoparticles (LNPs) were utilized for the delivery of mRNA. Lipid nanoparticle (LNP) mRNA systems are highly effective as vaccines, but their efficacy for pulmonary delivery has not yet been fully established. Additionally, research on effective delivery systems and administration methods for vaccines is required to resolve the stability and degradation issues associated with naked mRNA delivery. This study aimed to determine mRNA delivery efficiency via the inhalation of a lipid nanoparticle (LNP) formulation designed specifically for pulmonary delivery. To this purpose, we built a library of seven LNP configurations with different lipid molar and N/P ratios and evaluated their encapsulation efficiency using gel retardation assay. Among the tested LNPs, LNP1, LNP2-2, and LNP3-2 demonstrated high transfection efficiency in vitro based on FACS analyses luciferase assays, and intracellular accumulation tests. The mRNA delivery efficiencies of the selected LNPs after inhalation and intravenous injection were compared and evaluated. LNP2-2 showed the highest mRNA expression in healthy mouse lungs when aerosolized and was found to be non-toxic. These results indicate that LNP2-2 is a promising carrier for lung mRNA delivery via inhalation.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.155-160
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• 2013

The major issue in the development of nucleic acid based therapeutics is the inefficient delivery of these agents into cells. We prepared cholesterol conjugated spermine and evaluated its usefulness as a delivery modality for antisense oligonucleotides in HeLa-Luc cells. A 2'-O-methyl antisense oligonucleotide sequence, designed to correct splicing at an aberrant intron inserted into a normal luciferase reporter gene, was used for complex formation with cholesterol conjugated spermine. Effective delivery of this antisense agent into nucleus would results in the expression of a luciferasereporter gene product. The cholesterol-spermine formed stable complexes with the antisense oligonucleotide and showed modest delivery activity. Furthermore, this delivery activity was maintained even in the presence of serum proteins, mimicking in vivo conditions. Cholesterol-spermine thus has potential as a delivery system for antisense oligonucleotides into cells.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.232-243
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• 2022

Changes in household composition and the residential environment have had a considerable impact on the features of postal delivery regions in recent years, resulting in a large increase in the overall workload of domestic postal delivery services. In this paper, we provide complex analysis results for postal delivery areas using various unsupervised learning approaches. First, we extract highly influential features using several feature-engineering methods. Then, using quantitative and qualitative cluster analyses, we find the distinctive traits and semantics of postal delivery zones. Unsupervised learning approaches are useful for successfully grouping postal service zones, according to our findings. Furthermore, by comparing a postal delivery region to other areas in the same group, workload balancing was achieved.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.61 no.1
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• pp.9-20
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• 2019

The primary objective of this study was to analyze the delivery ratio using Hydrological Simulation Program - Fortran (HSPF) in Okdong-cheon watershed. Model parameters related to hydrology and water quality were calibrated and validated by comparing model predictions with the 8-day interval filed data collected for ten years from the Korea Ministry of Environment. The results indicated that hydrology and water quality parameters appeared to be reasonably comparable to the field data. The pollutant delivery loads of the watershed in 2015 were simulated using the HSPF model. The delivery ratios of each subwatershed were also estimated by the simple ratio calculation of pollutant discharge load and pollutant delivery load. Coefficients of the regression equation between the delivery ratio and specific discharge were also computed using the delivery ratio. Based on the results, multiple regression analysis was performed using the discharge and the physical characteristics of the subwatershed such as the area. The equation of delivery ratio derived in this study is only for the Okdong-cheon watershed, so the larger studies are needed to apply the findings to other watersheds.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.77-90
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was a descriptive survey research that aimed to investigate the stress level of pregnant women and subsequent effect of emergency cesarean delivery on anxiety and subjective anxiety statuses. Methods: The study samples were 233, including 109 emergency cesarean delivery and 124 normal vaginal deliveries between May 1, 2014, and August 26, 2014, in the Gwangju Metropolitan City. Results: None of the results showed any significant statistical difference in psychological stress between emergency cesarean delivery during mid-pregnancy and normal vaginal delivery (t = 1.784, p = .076). Emergency cesarean delivery has a significantly high level of anxiety (t = 10.849, p < .001) and subjective anxiety statuses (t = 13.294, p < .001) compared with normal vaginal delivery. Conclusion: A prenatal education program for stress and anxiety from emergency cesarean delivery needs to be developed for more effective stress management.

• Asian Journal of Business Environment
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.31-40
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• 2024

Purpose: This study aims to explore the factors affecting the willingness to pay for chicken delivery services targeting college students. The results of this study provide insights for improving food delivery market services and developing effective marketing strategies. Research design, data and methodology: A survey employing a questionnaire was administered to students at Chungbuk National University over a 10-day period from May 15 to May 24, 2023. Out of 232 distributed surveys, 218 were considered suitable for analysis. Binomial logistic regression analysis was conducted with the willingness to pay for delivery fees contingent on chicken price, serving as the dependent variable. Results: The main findings are following. First, as the price of chicken increases, the percentage of individuals willing to pay more than 2,000 won for delivery services decreases. Second, regardless of chicken price, males exhibit a lower tendency to bear higher delivery service fees compared to females. Lastly, those who lack awareness of their recent delivery fees or have previously paid charges exceeding 3,000 won demonstrate a greater propensity to pay higher delivery service fees compared to those who have paid fees below 3,000 won. Conclusions: It is essential for chicken sellers to identify key customer segments such as single-person households, and offer pricing and services tailored to their needs and preferences.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.204-209
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• 2016

In this paper, an unmanned delivery service using drone was proposed and verified the feasibility. The multicopter has GPS for autopilot and a camera for remote control by human operator. The gripper for manipulation of delivery object was designed and evaluated. The multicopter flies to a given position automatically based on GPS, and approaches to the prepared delivery desk by remote control of human operator using the received image from the multicopter. GPS sensor verification and experimental PID tuning were performed to ensure the flight stability. The flight tests were carried out to verify the feasibility of delivery service.