• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.73-93
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• 2006

This study aims at providing necessary informations for management decision-making to the hospital manager, such as ratios of fixed and variable cost to total operating expense, and variable cost ratio to operating revenues, and determinant factors affecting cost behavior. A study model and related hypotheses were established, data were collected from 41 private university hospitals for the 6years from 1998 to 2003, and regression analyses were performed to test the hypotheses. The results of the analyses and conclusions are as follows; First, labor cost and administration cost within the same number of beds have not only fixed quality of the cost, but variable quality of that. Also, the ratio of the variable costs to operating revenue of the metropolitan was estimated 76.9% and that of other area hospitals was 80.1%. Second, the major factors affecting the increase rate of the operating expense were the increase rates of the number of inpatients, the number of employee, and the number of hospital operating bed. This result implies that maintaining a optimal hospital bed size and efficient operation of the beds are important strategic factors of hospital management.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제12권12호
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• pp.321-328
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• 2012

본 연구는 광주 시민들의 칫솔질 행태와 치약 이용 현황, 치약구매 중요성, 편백추출물 함유치약의식 현황을 조사하여, 향후 편백추출물 함유치약을 통해 광주지역 내 치과산업 메카로서의 구강보건용품 개발을 위한 기초자료를 제공함에 목적이 있다. 광주광역시에 거주중인 시민을 대상으로 치약제품의 구매 및 이용 시 고려할 수 있는 항목들에 대해 각각의 중요도를 조사한 결과, 종합 점수는 68.2점이었으며, 효과 측면의 중요도가 83.3점으로 가장 높았으며 항목별 중요도를 살펴보면, 충치예방효과가 85.1점으로 가장 높았다. 연령에 따른 구매 외부요인 중요도의 차이를 살펴보면, 40대와 60세 이상을 제외한 모든 연령대에서 인증기관 검증 항목의 중요도가 가장 높게 조사되었지만, 40대와 60세 이상은 가격에 대한 중요도가 타 항목보다 높았으며, 연령에 따른 효과성에 대한 중요도의 차이를 살펴보면, 20세 미만은 충치예방과 치아미백 효과에 대한 중요도가 각각 79.8점으로 가장 높았다. 편백추출물을 이용한 치약이 개발된다면 이용할 의향이 있는가라는 질문에 그렇다는 응답이 54.6%, 편백추출물을 함유한 치약이 치아 건강에 효과적일 것이라고 생각하는가라는 질문에 그렇다는 응답이 55.1%, 편백추출물을 함유한 치약의 주된 효능으로 충치 예방이라는 응답이 33.8%로 나타났다. 향후 이 연구를 기초자료로 활용하여 본격적인 세치제 개발의 세부적인 연구가 더 활발히 이루어져야 할 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.267-273
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• 2024

Background: During the coronavirus pandemic, masks played a critical role in preventing respiratory infections. While the performance of masks such as KF-certified masks and N95 masks was evaluated and managed by the authorities, the performance of common masks was not. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the performance of uncertified masks in four Asian countries against certification standards (Korean KF80, KF94, and US N95). Methods: Thirty uncertified mask products from Indonesia, 20 from South Korea, 26 from Taiwan, and 30 from Thailand were purchased to perform performance evaluations. The uncertified masks included disposable dental masks, cloth masks, and children's masks. Filtration efficiency and inhalation airflow resistance tests were conducted according to Korean KF80, KF94, and US N95 protocols. Results: None of the 106 identified masks complied with the KF94 standard. A few complied with the KF80 standard: four from Indonesia, four from South Korea, 13 from Taiwan, and 16 from Thailand. Some of the masks met the N95 standard: one from Indonesia, three from South Korea, two from Taiwan, and one from Thailand. Conclusions: Since many uncertified masks did not comply with performance standards, wearing them might not have provided sufficient protection. Performance of uncertified masks could provide critical information for next pandemic management.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.145-153
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• 2012

본 연구는 대학생들의 식행동, 흡연 및 음주실태와 이에 따른 주관적 건강상태를 알아봄으로써 대학생들의 올바른 생활양식과 건강증진에 대한 기초 자료를 마련하고자 2010년 5월 10일부터 31일까지 서울 경기 인천지역 대학(교)에 재학 중인 남녀 학생 538명을 대상으로 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 식품 및 간식섭취빈도는 성별에서 남학생이 여학생보다 난류(p<0.05), 육류(p<0.05), 탄산음료(p<0.001)에서 높았으며(p<0.05), 주거형태에서는 자택거주 군이 자취 및 기타 군에 비해 두류(p<0.05), 과일(p<0.001) 및 우유(p<0.01)의 섭취빈도가 높게 나타났다. 2. 맛 선호도는 단맛(3.84), 매운맛(3.45), 짠맛(3.16), 신맛(3.01), 쓴맛(1.87) 순으로 나타났고, 신맛(p<0.05)은 남학생에서, 쓴맛(p<0.001)은 여학생에서 더 낮은 점수를 나타냈다. 3. 흡연중인 남학생은 36.4%로 여학생(4.8%)보다 매우 많았고(p<0.001), 흡연량은 남학생이 11-20개비 이하가 많아 10개비 이하가 많은 여학생과 차이가 있었다(p<0.05). 음주는 남학생이 주 1-2회, 여학생은 월 1-2회가 가장 많았고(p<0.001), 음주량은 남학생이 1-2병 미만, 여학생은 1병 미만이 가장 많았다(p<0.001). 4. 주관적 건강상태는 서류, 해조류, 녹차의 섭취량은 많을수록, 난류와 패스트푸드 섭취량은 적을수록 전신건강에 대해 긍정적으로 인식하였고, 녹차와 우유의 섭취량은 많을수록, 음주량은 적을수록 구강건강에 대해 긍정적으로 인식하고 있었다. 식품 및 간식섭취에 대한 양상이 편의성이나 기호도에 치우치지 않도록 영양교육을 제공하고, 금연 및 절주교육의 지속성을 위한 사회적 뒷받침이 필요할 것으로 사료되었다.

• 한국학교ㆍ지역보건교육학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.61-70
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• 2013

Objectives: The purpose of this study analyzes the characteristics of safety education in schools, experience of accidents, and safety awareness level of elementary school students. It also presents realistic guidelines for safety education, which can effectively lead to the safety behavior of students. Methods: We carried out questionnaire survey by convenient sampling method to 6th grade students of 3 elementary schools in Gyeonggi-do area that can understand the questionnaire and express their own opinion for safety awareness from February 15, 2013 to February 1, 2013. We used a self-administered questionnaire and analyzed 266 questionnaires except dishonestly answered 34 questionnaires. Results: 1. For accident occurrence by gender, male students was higher than female students. Male students was also higher than female students among students having an accident(${\chi}^2$=5.142, p=0.029). There was statistical significance in accident occurrence by how they go to school. Students going to school on foot have higher accident rate(${\chi}^2$=11.447, p=0.010). 2. In terms of safety awareness level, students having no accident was higher than students having an accident(F=3.828, p=0.005) and students usually keeping safety rules have higher safety awareness(F=14.285, p=0.000). 3. When parents give safety education to their children as often as possible, the safety awareness level of students was high(F=5.257, p=.006). 4. Students having an accident have no safety education experience than students having no accident(p<0.05). They have never had safety education from a health teacher. There was statistical significance(p<0.01). Conclusions: Accordingly, we need to make students have safety attitude to prevent safety accidents. To achieve it, safety awareness has to be inspired. Systematic and various education programs that can give connected education with local community network to the students and parents is required.

• 한국학교ㆍ지역보건교육학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.41-50
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• 2015

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to apply an effective oral health promotion program and effect for underprivileged lower grade students. This study attempted to resolve some oral health inequality issues by providing underprivileged children with an oral health action program designed to promote positive oral health maintenance habits. Methods: This study was carried from May to August of 2009 with 77(control group 27 subjects, experimental group 36 subjects) elementary school students selected among first to third graders attending regional welfare center's after school program in Seoul. To the control group, conventional education methods were applied. To the experimental group, newly designed program was conducted by three project experts(1 expert, 1 dentist, 1 dental hygienist). It consisted of 5 sessions and progressed with various activities. It was focused on achieving target knowledge and changing oral health behavior. In order to evaluate the designed educational program, learners' achievement was evaluated with implementing the questionnaire and one-on-one interviews. And also the oral health improvement was evaluated based on change of Patient Hygiene Performance(PHP) index. Results: Based on the results of learners' achievement, the experimental group showed the significant increment of the oral health knowledge by the relapsed time, and it maintained after finished the program(p<0.001). The patient hygiene performance index showed not significant changed(p>0.05), but 1 month later the control group showed an increment of the PHP score, but the experimental group showed a decrement of it. Conclusions: Oral health promotion program by project approach could give a long-lasting educational effect to the children and encouraged proper oral hygiene behavioral changes.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.113-127
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• 2021

Purpose: This study examined health behaviors, use of health services, and depression among women who perform daytime and shift work in Korea, as well as factors related to depression. Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis using data from the 2018 data of the 7th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Data on women, 1,493 regular daytime workers and 322 shift workers, were analyzed. Results: Women shift workers (χ²=43.97, p<.001), had a lower education level (χ²=45.56, p<.001), and lower personal income (χ²=16.85, p=.030) than their daytime counterparts. A higher proportion of shift workers were unmarried (χ²=37.47, p<.001) and they typically worked fewer than 40 hours per week (χ²=69.94, p<.001). The depression score of shift workers was higher than that of daytime workers (t=2.85, p=.005). A higher proportion of shift workers also drank alcohol (χ²=6.49, p=.032) and smoked (χ²=30.79, p<.001). Over 8% of shift workers typically slept fewer than 5 hours per night (χ²=14.17, p=.024). It was confirmed that depression in women shift workers was affected by age, personal income, marital status, health status, and smoking status, in addition to cancer screening participation, unmet medical care needs, and unmet dental care needs. Conclusion: More attention should be given to the health needs of women working shifts. Health promotion programs specific for women shift workers are needed to improve their physical and mental health, encourage use of medical care services, and improve public health policies and systems.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.217-224
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• 2016

본 연구는 2009년 국민건강영양조사 자료를 이용하여 우리나라 성인에서 다양한 혼란변수를 보정한 후 현존자연치아수와 COPD와의 연관성을 알아보고자 하였다. 40세 이상 성인 3,107명을 대상으로 구강검진과 폐기능검사를 시행하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 첫째, 폐기능검사에 의한 COPD 유병률은 11%였다. 현존자연치아수를 0~19개군, 20~27개군, 28개군으로 나누었을 때, COPD의 분포는 현존자연치아수가 0~19개인 군에서 21.0%로 가장 높았다. 둘째, COPD는 65세 이상군, 남자, 교육수준이 낮을수록, 정상적인 BMI를 갖는 군, 고혈압군에서 높았다(p<0.001). 셋째, 인구사회학적 특성, 사회경제적 위치, 건강관련행태, 구강건강 및 행태, 전신건강상태를 보정한 다중로지스틱 회귀분석에서는 현존자연치아수 20~27개군(OR, 1.90)과 0~19개군(OR, 3.93)에서 COPD와 연관성을 보여, 현존자연치아수가 적을수록 COPD의 위험이 증가함을 확인하였다. 특히 치주질환과 COPD의 중요한 위험요인인 흡연상태에 따른 층화분석결과, 현재흡연군에서만 모든 치아를 가지고 있는 군에 비해 0~19개 치아를 가진 군에서 OR이 8.90배 높은 결과를 보여 강한 연관성을 보여주었다(OR, 8.90; 95% CI, 2.53~31.33). 본 연구 결과를 통해 현존자연치아수는 COPD와 연관성이 있음을 확인하였다.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.386-392
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• 2013

본 연구는 전신질환자를 대상으로 구강건조감 인식도의 관련요인을 분석하고자 실시하였다. 경기도에서 소재하는 의원 중 편의표본추출법에 의해 선정된 3곳에 2013년 1월 16일부터 2013년 4월 15일까지 방문한 전신질환에 이환된 환자 109명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였으며, t검정과 일원배치분산분석 및 다중선형회귀분석을 시행한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 전반적인 구강건조감 인식도를 조사한 결과 평상시 구강건조 증상이 있다고 응답한 자는 62명(56.9%)이었고, 없다는 47명(43.1%)이었으며, 구강건조가 심한 계절은 겨울이 29명(46.8%)으로 가장 높았다. 2. 전신건강상태 인식도, 건강행동과 구강건조감의 관련성을 분석한 결과 건강하지 않다고 인식하고 이환된 전신질환과 매일 복용 약물 수가 2개 이상인 집단에서 구강건조감이 더 높았다. 또한 절망감 인식 경험이 있고 구강 외 신체건조감이 높으며 코골이가 심할수록 구강건조감을 더 많이 인식하였다(p<0.05). 3. 구강건강상태 인식도와 구강건조감의 관련성을 분석한 결과 구강이 건강하지 않다고 인식하고 구내 점막 통증과 구취가 있는 집단에서 구강건조감을 더 많이 인식하였다(p<0.05). 4. 삶의 질과 구강건조감의 관련성을 분석한 결과 일상생활 장애도와 스트레스 수준이 높으며, 구취로 인해 남의 시선을 의식하고 신경을 쓰는 집단에서 구강건조감을 더 많이 인식하였다(p<0.05). 5. 구강건조감과 관련된 요인들의 연관성의 강도를 분석한 결과 구강건조감은 구취로 인한 타인의 시선의식(${\beta}=0.311$)과 가장 연관성이 높았고, 다음은 이환된 전신질환 수 (${\beta}=0.304$), 스트레스 수준(${\beta}=0.285$)의 순이었다(p<0.01). 이상의 연구결과로 볼 때 구강건조감은 원만한 사회생활과 건강을 유지하는 데 장애요인으로 작용할 수 있음을 추측할 수 있었다. 또한 구강건조감은 이환된 전신질환 수와 강한 연관성이 있는 것으로 나타났으므로 치과의료인력은 구강영역 뿐 아니라 전신질환과 치료제 등 전신에 대한 이해도를 더욱 높여야 한다. 또한 전신질환에 이환된 환자들의 구강진료시 구강건조 상태를 매회 평가하고 원인을 파악하는 등 구강건조에 대한 지속적인 모니터링이 수반되어야 할 것이다. 이러한 과정은 구강건조의 예방과 이로 인한 인한 구강 내외 합병증을 감소시킬 뿐 아니라 건강증진 및 삶의 질을 향상시키는 데 있어 긍정적인 효과를 나타낼 것으로 생각된다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권9호
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• pp.4491-4501
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• 2016

Verruco-papillary lesions (VPLs) of the oral cavity described in the literature involve a spectrum of conditions including squamous papilloma, verruca vulgaris, focal epithelial hyperplasia, condyloma, proliferative verrucous leukoplakia and verrucous carcinoma. A majority of the VPLs are slow growing, benign in nature and have a viral aetiology. Virus associated benign mucosal outgrowths are not too difficult to diagnose either clinically or by microscopy. Apart from virus-associated lesions, VPLs harboring malignant potential or behaviour such as verrucous carcinoma, proliferative verrucous leukoplakia, oral verrucous hyperplasia (OVH), oral papillary squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC) and oral conventional squamous cell carcinoma with papillary features (CSCC) need to be further clarified for better understanding of their predictable biologic behavior and appropriate treatment. Current understanding of potentially malignant VPLs is perplexing and is primarily attributed to the use of confusing and unsatisfactory terminology. In particular, the condition referred to as oral verrucous hyperplasia (OVH) poses a major diagnostic challenge. OVH represents a histopathological entity whose clinical features are not well recognised and is usually clinically indistinguishable from a verrucous carcinoma and a PSCC or a CSCC. A consensus report published by an expert working group from South Asia as an outcome of the 'First Asian Regional Meeting on the Terminology and Criteria for Verruco-papillary Lesions of the Oral Cavity' held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, recognised the clinical description of these OVH as a new entity named 'Exophytic Verrucous Hyperplasia'. Previously described clinical features of OVH such as the 'blunt' or 'sharp' variants; and the 'mass' or 'plaque' variants can now collectively fall under this newly described entity. This paper discusses in detail the application of the standardized criteria guidelines of 'Exophytic Verrucous Hyperplasia' as published by the expert group which will enable clinicians and pathologists to uniformly interpret their pool of OVH cases and facilitate a better understanding of OVH malignant potential.