• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2021

PURPOSE. The study compared the color change, lightness, and translucency of hybrid resin ceramics exposed to toothbrush abrasion and surface treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Four hybrid ceramics [Lava Ultimate (LU), Vita Enamic (EN), Shofu HC (SH), and Crystal Ultra (CU)] were compared with a glass-ceramic (Vita Mark II) control. One hundred and twenty specimen blocks were prepared using a precision saw machine. Specimens in each material were divided into four subgroups based on the surface treatment (polishing or staining) and a storage medium (water or citric acid). Simulated tooth brushing with a mixture of 100 RDA (radioactive abrasives) with 0.3 ml distilled water was used for 3650 cycles (7300 strokes) for each specimen. Measurements for the color change, lightness, and translucency were measured after toothbrushing using a spectrophotometer. Statistical analysis compared outcomes using paired t-test, ANOVA, and Tukey post hoc test. RESULTS. The maximum color change was identified in SH (stained acid) [1.44 (0.40)], whereas the lowest was identified in EN (polished water) [0.66 (0.16)] material. The maximum and minimum loss of surface translucency was observed in SH (polished water) [12.3 (0.52)] and EN (stained acid) [6.5 (0.55)] specimens, respectively. Lastly, loss of lightness was the highest in VM (polished acid) [69 (0.95)], whereas the lowest was observed in CU (stained water) [56.7 (0.86)]. CONCLUSION. The comparison presented a significant effect of toothbrush abrasion on translucency and lightness of the hybrid resin ceramics. Color change was not significantly influenced irrespective of the storage medium employed. Surface staining demonstrated the preservation and stability of color and optical properties under the influence of toothbrush abrasion and chemical trauma.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.204-214
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• 2007

치면열구전색은 수 십년간 교합면 우식의 예방에 가장 효과적인 방법 중 한가지로 알려져 왔다. 하지만 치면열구전색제의 마모와 파절 때문에 치면열구전색제의 재시술 또는 수리를 필요로 하게 되었다. 본 연구의 목적은 파손된 치면열구전색제를 수리할 때 치질과 잔여 전색제의 표면처리 방법에 따른 미세누출 차이를 알아보고자 하는 것이다. 120개의 영구 대구치에 치면열구전색제를 적용하고 인위적인 파손을 만든 뒤 인공타액에 4주동안 보관하였다. 4주 후 근심 또는 원심의 치면열구전색제가 완전히 파손 양상을 나타내는 치아 60개를 선택하여 각각 15개씩 4개 군으로 나누어 실험에 사용하였다. 각 군을 산부식만 시행한 경우(1군), air-abrasion만 시행한 경우(2군), 산부식 후 결합제를 적용한 경우(3군), air-abrasion 후 결합제를 적용한 경우(4군)로 나눠 각각의 치아를 표면처리한 후 치면열구전색제를 도포하였다. 고온$(55^{\circ}C)$과 저온$(5^{\circ}C)$에서 각각 30초씩 500회의 열순환을 시행한 뒤 미세누출도를 검사하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 치면열구전색제/치면열구전색제 경계면에서 미세누출도는 결합제 사용 유무에 관계없이 air-abrasion을 처리한 2군, 4군에서 산부식을 사용한 1군, 3군보다 낮은 값을 보였고(p<0.05) 1군과 2군, 3군과 4군 사이에는 통계적 유의차가 없었다(p>0.05). 2. 치면열구전색제/치아 경계면에서 미세누출도는 결합제를 사용한 3군, 4군에서 결합제를 사용하지 않은 1군, 2군보다 낮은 값을 보였고(p<0.05) 산부식을 사용한 1, 3군과 air-abrasion을 사용한 2, 4군 사이에는 통계적 유의차가 없었다(p>0.05). 3. SEM 상에서 치면열구전색제를 산부식 처리하였을 때 표면거칠기의 증가가 적었으나 air-abrasion 하였을 경우 표면거칠기가 현저하게 증가하는 것을 관찰하였다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.206-215
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• 2017

Objectives: To determine the combined effect of fatigue cyclic loading and thermocycling (CLTC) on the shear bond strength (SBS) of a resin cement to zirconia surfaces that were previously air-abraded with aluminum oxide ($Al_2O_3$) particles at different pressures. Materials and Methods: Seventy-two cuboid zirconia specimens were prepared and randomly assigned to 3 groups according to the air-abrasion pressures (1, 2, and 2.8 bar), and each group was further divided into 2 groups depending on aging parameters (n = 12). Panavia F 2.0 was placed on pre-conditioned zirconia surfaces, and SBS testing was performed either after 24 hours or 10,000 fatigue cycles (cyclic loading) and 5,000 thermocycles. Non-contact profilometry was used to measure surface roughness. Failure modes were evaluated under optical and scanning electron microscopy. The data were analyzed using 2-way analysis of variance and ${\chi}^2$ tests (${\alpha}=0.05$). Results: The 2.8 bar group showed significantly higher surface roughness compared to the 1 bar group (p < 0.05). The interaction between pressure and time/cycling was not significant on SBS, and pressure did not have a significant effect either. SBS was significantly higher (p = 0.006) for 24 hours storage compared to CLTC. The 2 bar-CLTC group presented significantly higher percentage of pre-test failure during fatigue compared to the other groups. Mixed-failure mode was more frequent than adhesive failure. Conclusions: CLTC significantly decreased the SBS values regardless of the air-abrasion pressure used.

• Journal of Korean Dental Science
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.49-57
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• 2014

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of different surface treatment methods (yttria-tetragonal zirconia polycrystal [Y-TZP] primers, air-abrasion, and tribochemical surface treatment) on the shear bond strength between (Y-TZP) ceramics and etch-and-rinse non-10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (MDP)-containing resin cements. Materials and Methods: Y-TZP ceramic surfaces were ground flat with 600-grit silicone carbide abrasives paper and then divided into seven groups of ten. They were treated as the following: untreated (control), Monobond Plus (IvoclarVivadent), Z-PRIME Plus (Bisco Inc.), ESPE Sil with CoJet (3M ESPE), air-abrasion, Monobond Plus with air-abrasion, and Z-PRIME Plus with air-abrasion. The surface of Y-TZP specimens was analyzed under a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Non-MDP-containing cements were placed on the surface-treated Y-TZP specimens. After thermocycling, shear bond strength test was performed. Bond strength values were statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Student-Newman-Keuls multiple comparison test (P<0.05). Result: The Z-PRIME Plus treatment in combination with air-abrasion produced the highest bond strength ($14.94{\pm}1.70MPa$) followed by Monobond Plus combined with air-abrasion ($10.70{\pm}1.71MPa$), air-abrasion ($10.47{\pm}1.60MPa$), ESPE Sil after CoJet treatment ($10.38{\pm}0.87MPa$), Z-PRIME Plus application ($10.00{\pm}1.70MPa$), and then Monobond Plus application ($9.25{\pm}0.86MPa$). The control ($6.70{\pm}1.49MPa$) indicated the lowest results (P<0.05). The SEM results showed different surface morphologies according to surface treatment methods compared with the Y-TZP control. Conclusion: The shear bond strength between the Y-TZP ceramic and the non-MDP-containing resin cement was the greatest when the surface was treated with air-abrasion and MDP-containing Z-PRIME Plus primer.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.103-115
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• 1998

Adhesion of composite resin to tooth structure has been of tremendous signgicance in clinical dentistry. Due to the lack of adhesion between composite restorative resins and enamel and dentin, microleakage occurs at the tooth/restoration interface. This may lead to discoloration, secondary caries, marginal breakdown, postoperative sensitivity, and even pulpal pathology. According to extensive use of composite resin, every effort on improving bonding strength and reducing microleakage between a tooth and composite resin has been continued. This study was conducted to determine the difference in microleakage in enamel and dentin treated with air-abrasion, acid etching and combination when restored with composite resin. Class V cavities were prepared on 30 premolars. The specimens were divided into following groups. group 1:air-abrasion+Scotchbond Multi-purpose group 4 :air-abrasion+All-Bond 2 group 2:acid etching+Scotchbond Multi-purpose group 5 :acid etching+All-Bond 2 group 3:combination+Scotchbond Multi-purpose group 6 :combination+All-Bond 2 #combination:air-abrasion + acid etching The specimens were filled with Z-100 after application of Scotchbond Multi-purpose and All-Bond 2. Thermocycling was conducted by alternately dipping the specimens in $5^{\circ}C$ and $55^{\circ}C$ water for 30 seconds 500 times. 1% methylene blue was applied and the specimens were left for 24 hours at $37^{\circ}C$. After washing out the dye, the tooth was sectioned buccolingually along the axis. The sectioned surface was observed with stereoscope for dye penetration. The author has measured the microleakage in teeth prepared with air-abrasion, acid ethching and combination to study the difference in microleakage following different methods of tooth surface treatment and has come to following results. 1. In comparing microleakage between groups, group 1 and 4 showed statistically significant difference from group 2, 3, 5 and 6(p<0.05). There was no significant difference among group 2, 3, 5, 6(p>0.05) nor between group 1 and 4(p>0.05). 2. In comparing microleakage among tooth surface treatment methods, Air-abrasion group showed significantly more microleakage than acid etching group and combination(airabrasion + acid etching) group(p<0.05). Combination(acid etching+air-abrasion)group tended to show lesser microleakage than acid etching group, but this was not statistically significant(p>0.05). 3. In comparing microleakage between bonding agents, there was no statistically significant difference between Scotch bond Multi-purpose and All-Bond 2(p>0.05).

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제13권12호
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• pp.1157-1161
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• 1975

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.291-298
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• 2020

PURPOSE. The aim of this study is to evaluate the influence of repeated surface treatments on wettability and surface roughness for zirconia surface and bond strength of zirconia-based ceramics to resin cement. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Seventy blocks (10 × 10 × 3 mm) of zirconia-based ceramics were fabricated and divided into two groups according to the surface treatments: (A) 110 ㎛ Al₂O₃ airborne-particle abrasion and (R) 110 ㎛ silica modified Al₂O₃ airborne-particle abrasion. At stage 2, each group was subdivided into 5 groups according to the surface retreatments: (a) 110 ㎛ Al₂O₃ airborne-particle abrasion, (r) 110 ㎛ silica modified Al₂O₃ airborne-particle abrasion, (D) diamond bur, (Da) diamond bur + 110 ㎛ Al₂O₃ airborne-particle abrasion, and (Dr) diamond bur + 110 ㎛ silica modified Al₂O₃ airborne-particle abrasion. Cylinders of self-adhesive resin cement were cemented onto each treated ceramic surface and subjected to micro-shear bond strength test. Additional specimens were prepared for roughness and wettability analyses. The data were subjected to t-test and One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test (α=.05). RESULTS. At stage 1, group R presented higher bond strength values than group A (P=.000). There was a statistically significant increase of bond strength at stage 2 for group A (P=.003). The diamond bur influenced the surface roughness, increasing the values (P=.023). Group R provided better wettability. Regardless of the applied surface treatment, most of failures were adhesive. CONCLUSION. The combination of application and reapplication of Rocatec Plus showed the best results of bond strength. Surface retreatment and recementation might be an indicated clinical strategy.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.512-521
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• 2001

최근 air-abrasion기술이 새로운 법랑질 표면처리법으로 소개되고 있는데, 이것이 산부식 처리한 것보다 치면열구전색 전처리에 있어 더 나은 결과를 보이는지 연구할 목적으로, 저자들은 표면처리법 및 재료에 따른 미세누출도의 차이를 비교해 보고자 하였다. 9개의 군으로 나눈 시편치아에 산부식(1, 4, 7군), air-abrasion(2, 5, 8군), air-abrasion 후 산부식 (3, 6, 9군) 처리한 후 3종의 치면열구전색재($1\sim3$군 Teethmate-F, $4\sim6$군 Ultraseal XT plus, $7\sim9$군 : DenSeal)로 전색, 중합하여 색소침투도를 관찰하였으며, 각 시편의 전색재를 분리, 주사전자현미경으로 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 표면처리법에 따른 미세누출도는 air-abrasion군, 산부식군, air-abrasion 후 산부식군 순으로 작아졌다(p<0.05). 단, 7군과 9군간의 유의차는 없었다. 2. 미세누출도는 산부식군에서 7군 4군 1군 air-abrasion군에서 8군 5군 2군, air-abrasion후 산부식군에서 9군, 3군, 6군 순으로 작아졌으나, 각각 4군과 7군, 2군과 5군, 3군과 6군간의 유의차는 없었다. 3. SEM상에서, 산부식군은 비교적 긴 레진돌기가 규칙적으로, air-abrasion군은 짧은 레진돌기가 불규칙적으로, air-abrasion 후 산부식군에서는 이들이 혼재되어 있는 모습으로 관찰되었다.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.373-378
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• 2010

불소도포와 치면열구전색은 치아우식을 예방하기 위한 목적으로 임상에서 널리 병용하여 사용되고 있지만, 불소가 치면열구전색제의 표면 구조를 변화시켜 미생물이 서식할 조건을 마련하여 수복물의 수명을 단축시키는 원인이 될 수 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 현재 치과 임상에서 많이 사용되고 있는 레진계 실란트 Concise와 Eco-S를 사용하였고, 대표적인 불소도포제재 1.23% APF gel과 5% NaF Fluoride Varnish가 치면열구전색제의 표면 구조에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위해 제작된 치면열구전색제시편을 각각 5군으로 불소제재를 처리하지 않은 I군, APF gel 1분간 처리한 II군, APF gel 4분간 처리한 III군, Fluoride Varnish 1분간 처리한 IV군, Fluoride Varnish 4분간 처리한 V군으로 분류하여 마모실험에 의한 무게변화를 측정하였고, 광학현미경을 이용하여 표면구조를 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 치면열구전색제 Concise를 이용한 마모실험에서 불소제재를 처리하지 않은 I군에 비하여 APF gel 4분간 처리한 III군에 무게 감소가 증가하였으며, Fluoride Varnish 4분간 처리한 V군에서 무게 감소가 적으며(p<0.05), Eco-S를 이용한 마모실험 결과 또한 같았다(p<0.05). 2. 광학현미경으로 표면의 변화를 관찰한 결과 APF gel을 도포한 경우 기질의 소실로 필러가 두드러진 양상을 보였으며, 각 군 별로는 APF gel 4분간 처리한 III군, APF gel 1분간 처리한 II군, 불소제재를 처리하지 않은 I군, Fluoride Varnish 1분간 처리한 IV군, Fluoride Varnish 4분간 처리한 Ⅴ군의 순으로 표면 거칠기가 감소되는 결과를 보였다. 결론적으로, 치면열구전색과 불소도포를 당일 시행하는 경우, 불소도포제를 1.23% APF gel 사용 시 4분 보다 1분 도포하며, 1.23% APF gel보다는 5% NaF Fluoride Varnish 도포하는 것이 치면열구전색제의 표면 구조에 영향을 줄일 수 있다고 사료된다.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.83-88
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• 1989

This investigation was performed to evaluate the effect of four different preteatment techniques on the bond strength of porcelain to non-precious metal alloy. Samples of total of 40 were divided into 4 groups according to the 4 variables which included the 50$\mu$alumina oxide air abrasion, method, the as retention bead method, the L-retention bead method, the Etching method. The completed metal-porcelain samples were compressed in Instron loading machine until gross fracture occured to examine the effect of the complex variables on the bond strength of porcelain to non precious metal alloy. The result obtained were as follows : 1. The difference of bond strength according to four different pretreatment techniques was statistically significant(p<0.01). 2. The difference of bond strength between the ss-retention bead method and the L-retention bead method was not significant statistically(p>0.05) 3. The difference of bond strength between the retention bead method and the etching method was statistically significant(p<0.01). 4. The difference of bond strength between the retention bead method and the 50$\mu$alumina oxide air abrasion method was statistically significant(p<0.01). 5. The difference of bond strength between the etching method and the 50$\mu$alumina oxide air abrasion method was statistically significant(p<0.01).