• 제목/요약/키워드: Density dependent mortality

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DENSITY DEPENDENT MORTALITY OF INTERMEDIATE PREDATOR CONTROLS CHAOS-CONCLUSION DRAWN FROM A TRI-TROPHIC FOOD CHAIN

  • NATH, BINAYAK;DAS, KRISHNA PADA
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
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    • 제22권3호
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    • pp.179-199
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    • 2018
  • The paper explores a tri-trophic food chain model with density dependent mortality of intermediate predator. To analyze this aspect, we have worked out the local stability of different equilibrium points. We have also derived the conditions for global stability of interior equilibrium point and conditions for persistence of model system. To observe the global behaviour of the system, we performed extensive numerical simulations. Our simulation results reveal that chaotic dynamics is produced for increasing value of half-saturation constant. We have also observed trajectory motions around different equilibrium points. It is noticed that chaotic dynamics has been controlled by increasing value of density dependent mortality parameter. So, we conclude that the density dependent mortality parameter can be used to control chaotic dynamics. We also applied basic tools of nonlinear dynamics such as Poincare section and Lyapunov exponent to investigate chaotic behaviour of the system.

DENSITY DEPENDENT GRWOTH AND MORTALITY OF MANILA CLAM Ruditapes philippinarum REARED IN CAGES IN GOMSO-BAY, KOREA

  • Park, Kyung-Il;Yang, Hyun-Sung;Kang, Do-Hyung;Choi, Kwang-Sik
    • 한국패류학회지
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    • 제26권1호
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    • pp.91-95
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    • 2010
  • Density-dependant growth and mortality rate of Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum reared in net cages was investigated in Gomso Bay, Korea where unusually high mortality of clams has been reported. For the experiment, four groups of clam cages were set up with a density of $2,000clams/m^2$ (group A), $1,000clams/m^2$ (group B), $500clams/m^2$ (group C) and $100clams/m^2$ (group D). Mortality and growth of clams in each experimental cage was monitored biweekly from May 2001 to September 2001. Highest mortality in group A was observed in late August, while highest mortality of rest groups was observed in early September. In September, the cumulative mortality in group A was 99%, while it was 93.2% in group B, 91.2% in group C and 88% in group D. Shell growth rate of clams in thecages was found to be density dependent; monthly shell length increase was 0.67 mm in group A, 1.33 mm in group B, 1.63 mm in group C and 1.71 mm in group D. Our study indicated that clam growth and mortality in the Bay is density dependent and the growth and survival rate is negatively correlated with the density.

EXISTENCE AND GLOBAL EXPONENTIAL STABILITY OF POSITIVE ALMOST PERIODIC SOLUTIONS FOR A DELAYED NICHOLSON'S BLOWFLIES MODEL

  • Xu, Yanli
    • 대한수학회지
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    • 제51권3호
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    • pp.473-493
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    • 2014
  • This paper concerns with a class of delayed Nicholson's blowflies model with a nonlinear density-dependent mortality term. Under appropriate conditions, we establish some criteria to ensure that the solutions of this model converge globally exponentially to a positive almost periodic solution. Moreover, we give some examples and numerical simulations to illustrate our main results.

보리 분얼성 동질유전자계통의 재식밀도 조절에 따른 특성 변화 (Change of Agronomic Traits of Tillering Isogenic Lines under Different Seedling Density in Barley)

  • 천종은
    • 한국작물학회지
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    • 제41권1호
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    • pp.34-44
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    • 1996
  • 보리 분얼성 isogenic line 4계통(Kindred, Morex)을 이용하여 파종양 및 결주율에 따른 주요 형질의 변화를 조사하였다. t. 다얼성 계통은 단간성 계통에 비하여 곡립의 수양은 46%, 엽면적지수 56%가 높았으나, 단간성 계통은 정립률이 69% 천립중은 27%가 높았다. 2. 단단성 계통은 출수기가 4∼8일, 성숙기는 2∼3일 빨랐다. 3. 곡립수양은 수수에 따른 직선회귀에 잘 적용되어 수수의 기여도가 매우 컷다. 4. 결주율이 증가함에 따라서 1수입수 및 천립중이 다소 증가하나 수수의 감소로 곡립의 수양이 현저히 감소되었다. 5. 반면에 결주율이 증가될 때 정립률, 엽의 광합성능 및 분얼수가 증가하였다. 6. 분얼성 isogenic line이 재해에 의해서 결주가 발생시 수수가 곡립의 수양을 좌우하였다. 7. 단간성 인자의 도입, 육종 및 보급을 위해선 이들 동질유전자 계통을 포장에 다년간 반복 실험하여 보다 정밀한 평가가 이루어져야 한다.

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한국 연근해 보구치, Argyrosomus argentatus의 Leslie Matrix에 의한 자원변동 예측 (Prediction of the Variation in Annual Biomass of White Croaker Argyosomus argentatus in Korean Waters using Leslie Matrix)

  • 이성일;장창익
    • 한국수산과학회지
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    • 제34권5호
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    • pp.423-429
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    • 2001
  • 한국 연근해 보구치 자원의 지난 21년간 ($1975\~1995$년) 자원량을 이용하여 추정된 고유치는 밀도 독립적인 경우와 밀도 종속적인 경우 약 0.8 정도로 감소하는 추세에 있었으며, 밀도 종속적인 경우 상수 a는 $5.234\times10^{-10}$이였다. 그리고 보구치 자원의 연령별 출생율은 1세 1,053에서 6세 310,803의 범위였고, 연령별 생잔율은 1세 1,053 에서 6세 310,803의 범위였으며, 초기생잔율은 0.00005였다. 자원량 및 어획량 예측치는 추정된 매개변수를 사용하여 밀도독립적인 경우와 밀도 종속적인 경우의 Leslie Matrix에 적용해서 추정하였는데, 이때 어획사망계수가 $F_{35\%}$$F_{0.1}$, 수준인 0.252/yr와 0.368/yr에서 자원량과 어획량이 급격히 증가하였으며, 밀도 송속 적인 경우 밀도 효과의 부여는 환경수용력 (carrying capacity)을 산출하므로 보다 현실적으로 접근할 수 있다. 평형상태시의 어회 사망계수는 약 0.7/yr였다. 따라서, 본 연구는 현재 남획상태에 있는 한국 연근해 보구치 자원을 Leslie Matrix에 적용시켜 자원량 및 어획량 변동을 예측해 봄으로써 남획으로 인해 고갈되어 가는 보구치 자원을 회복시킬 관리방안을 제시하였다

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급성뇌경색증에 동반된 악성 뇌부종 환자에 있어서 뇌경막확장성형술을 통한 두개골 감압술의 효용성 (The Effectiveness of Decompressive Craniectomy with Dural Augmentation in Malignant Cerebral Infarction)

  • 손성호;김수영;정영균;조봉수;박혁;이동열
    • Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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    • 제30권9호
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    • pp.1072-1078
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    • 2001
  • Objectives : There is continuing controversy about the benefits of decompressive craniectomy in massive cerebral edema following space occupying hemispheric cerebral infarction. The aims of this study are to determine the effectiveness and to confirm the life-saving nature of decompressive craniectomy with dural augmentation for massive cerebral infarction. Patients and Methods : We present twelve patients with medically uncontrollable hemispheric cerebral infarction. All were treated with extensive craniectomy and duroplasty without resection of necrotic tissue. We evaluated various characteristics(size of hemispheric infarction, Glasgow Coma Scale, volume of low density and midline shift in CT) at three different periods(preoperative, immediate postoperative and 3-4weeks after operation) and evaluated effectiveness of hemicraniectomy for massive cerebral edema after large hemispheric infarction. Results : All patients have survived from surgery. Nine patients with nondominant hemispheric infarction showed significant functional recovery with minimal assistance, and remaining two patients with dominant hemispheric infarction and one patient with nondominant hemispheric infarction have functionally dependent. The volume of low density and midline shift in CT were significantly reduced after decompressive craniectomy. Conclusions : Our results indicate that decompressive craniectomy with dural augmentation without resection of necrotic tissue for massive cerebral hemispheric infarction not only reduce the mortality and infarction size but also significantly improve the outcome, especially for nondominant hemispheric infarction.

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Effects of the Particulate Matter2.5 (PM2.5) on Lipoprotein Metabolism, Uptake and Degradation, and Embryo Toxicity

  • Kim, Jae-Yong;Lee, Eun-Young;Choi, Inho;Kim, Jihoe;Cho, Kyung-Hyun
    • Molecules and Cells
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    • 제38권12호
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    • pp.1096-1104
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    • 2015
  • Particulate $matter_{2.5}$ ($PM_{2.5}$) is notorious for its strong toxic effects on the cardiovascular, skin, nervous, and reproduction systems. However, the molecular mechanism by which $PM_{2.5}$ aggravates disease progression is poorly understood, especially in a water-soluble state. In the current study, we investigated the putative physiological effects of aqueous $PM_{2.5}$ solution on lipoprotein metabolism. Collected $PM_{2.5}$ from Seoul, Korea was dissolved in water, and the water extract (final 3 and 30 ppm) was treated to human serum lipoproteins, macrophages, and dermal cells. $PM_{2.5}$ extract resulted in degradation and aggregation of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) as well as low-density lipoprotein (LDL); apoA-I in HDL aggregated and apo-B in LDL disappeared. $PM_{2.5}$ treatment (final 30 ppm) also induced cellular uptake of oxidized LDL (oxLDL) into macrophages, especially in the presence of fructose (final 50 mM). Uptake of oxLDL along with production of reactive oxygen species was accelerated by $PM_{2.5}$ solution in a dose-dependent manner. Further, $PM_{2.5}$ solution caused cellular senescence in human dermal fibroblast cells. Microinjection of $PM_{2.5}$ solution into zebrafish embryos induced severe mortality accompanied by impairment of skeletal development. In conclusion, water extract of $PM_{2.5}$ induced oxidative stress as a precursor to cardiovascular toxicity, skin cell senescence, and embryonic toxicity via aggregation and proteolytic degradation of serum lipoproteins.

In vitro와 in vivo에서의 온도에 따른 스쿠티카충 성장의 수리 모델 (The mathematical model of temperature dependent growth of Scuticociliate Miamiensis avidus in vitro and in vivo conditions)

  • 오춘영
    • 한국어병학회지
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    • 제26권2호
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    • pp.65-75
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    • 2013
  • 실험실에서 온도 별로 스쿠티카충을 배양한 데이터(Table 1)를 사용 스쿠티카충 개체군의 변화율(1.2)과 성장 방정식(1.3)을 in vitro 조건에서 구했다. 이 모델에서는 스쿠티카충의 증가모델 식은 로지스틱 증가함수로 두 가지 온도에서의 스쿠티카충의 증가율 매개변수를 구하였고, 기생충으로 인한 숙주인 넙치에 치명적일 수 있는 기생충의 임계밀도를 구하였다. 또 다른 데이터는 같은 온도에서 스쿠티카충 수를 다양하게 넙치의 복강에 주사하는 그룹과 동일한 스쿠티카충 수를 복강에 주사한 후 온도를 다르게 한 두 그룹의 스쿠티카충의 감염으로 폐사한 실험데이터(Table 2)에 근거하여 넙치의 감염에서 폐사가 되는 시스템 식(1.5)을 세웠다. 정리에서는 감염된 넙치와 폐사된 넙치의 미분방정식계는 감염넙치와 폐사 넙치와의 평형점을 찾고 그 평형점에 대한 안정성과 불안정성을 설명하였다. 각 온도에서의 매개변수를 사용하면 방정식 (1.6)은 시간에 대해 넙치의 누적 폐사량을 알 수 있는 방정식이다. 이 논문에서는 다양한 초기값 $P_0$값에 따른 넙치의 폐사를 중심으로 보았으므로 온도와 $P_0$가 동시에 넙치폐사에 어떠한 관계를 갖는 연구를 하기에는 제약을 갖고 있다. 이 연구의 제한점에서 언급했듯 실험을 여러 번 시행한 것이 아니기 때문에 단지 근사적인 값으로 이해를 해야 한다. 또한 넙치의 면역력을 알 수 있다면 기생충으로부터 저항력을 연구하는데 오차를 좀 더 줄인 근사치를 구할 수 있을 것을 기대할 수 있을 것이다.

Physiological Profile of Growing Rats: Effects of Cage Type and Cage Density

  • Yildiz, A.;Hayirli, A.;Okumus, Z.;Kaynar, O.;Kisa, F.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제20권2호
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    • pp.263-272
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    • 2007
  • This experiment was conducted to examine the effects of cage type (CT) and cage density (CD) on physiological variables in growing rats. Sprague Dawley rats (n=108) weighing an average of 46 g were housed in metallic cage with woodchip bedding (MCWB), metallic cage with wire mesh (MCWM), and plastic shoebox with woodchip bedding (PCWB) separately by sex at normal ($160-cm^2/rat$, ND) and high ($80-cm^2/rat$, HD) CD from 3 to 10 wks of age. All cages were in dimension of $24{\times}40{\times}20$ cm ($W{\times}D{\times}H$). At the end of the experiment, blood samples were collected and 6 rats from each cage were sacrificed. No death was observed among rats at ND, whereas mortality rate at HD was 22.3% for males and 13.9% for females. Heart weight was affected by CT. Doubling CD caused 23, 11.8, 17.9, 8.6, 6.9, and 16.4% decreases in BW and weights of heart, liver, kidney, testis, and ovary, respectively. Except for adrenal gland, other organs for males were heavier than for females. Liver weight of males and females responded differently to CT and CD. Comparing with females, males had 7.3 and 5.2% heavier and 9.9% lighter liver weights in MCWB, MCWM, and PCWB, respectively. As CD doubled, liver weight for males and females decreased by 22.4 and 13.1%, respectively. Mean adrenal gland weight increased by 8.4% and decreased by 9.7% for males and females, respectively, with doubling CD. CT affected glucose, TG, Ca, and ALP levels. However, CD did not alter blood chemistry. Rats housed in metallic cages had greater neutrophil count and neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio than rats housed in plastic cages. Doubling CD caused a 24.2% increase in lymphocyte count. There were CT by CD, CT by sex, and CD by sex interaction effects on lymphocyte count. Doubling CD caused 0.1% decrease and 49.8 and 26.7% increases in lymphocyte count for rats housed in MCWB, MCWM, and PCWB, respectively. Comparing with females, lymphocyte count for males housed in MCWB, MCWM, and PCWB had 8.9 and 12.9% greater and 30.3% less lymphocyte counts, respectively. Lymphocyte count decreased by 4.12% for males, whereas it increased by 61.0% for females as CD doubled. Doubling CD resulted in 2.5 and 2.3% increases in erythrocyte count and hematocrit value. These data suggest that animals perform better in metallic cages than in plastic cages and that cage density had pronounceable effects on physiological parameters in a cage type and sex dependent-manner.

한국 연근해 갈치의 자원평가 및 관리방안 연구 2. 한국 연근해 갈치의 자원량 변동 (A Study on the Stock Assessment and Management Implications of the Hairtail, Trichiurus lepturus Linne in Korean Waters 2. Variations in Population Biomass of the Hairtail, Trichiurus lepturus Linne in Korean Waters)

  • 장창익;손명호
    • 한국수산과학회지
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    • 제30권4호
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    • pp.620-626
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    • 1997
  • 본 연구는 한국 연근해 갈치의 연도별 연령별 어획량 자료를 사용하여 생체량을 기초로한 코호트 분석법 (Zhang, 1987)에 의하여 갈치의 $1970\~1988$년 자원량을 추정하였다. 연도별 자원량은 1975년 약 24만톤으로 가장 높은 수준을 보였으며, 1980년부터는 14만톤의 수준으로 떨어졌다. 성어자원량에 있어서는 1978년 약 5.5만톤의 최대수준을 보인 이후, 계속 감소되어 1980년 이후 약 9 천톤의 낮은 수준에 머물러 있다. 연령별 자원량의 경년 변동에 의하면 1970년대와 1980년대의 연령조성은 큰 차이를 나타내었다. 1980년대의 연령조성에서는 4세 이상의 대형어는 거의 나타나지 않고 있으며, $1\~3$세까지의 소형어 수준도 70년대 수준에 크게 못미치고 있다. 또 1973년 연급군이 비교적 탁월연급군으로 나타났다. 코호트 분석에 의해 추정된 1970년대와 80년대의 연도별 순간어획사망계수는 서로 유의성 (P<0.05)을 보여 80년대의 어획사망계수가 증가한 것으로 나타났다. 자원량에 대한 가입량에 있어서는 Ricker curve를 나타내 밀도종속적인 관계를 보여주고 있다.

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