• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.7 no.5S
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• pp.1657-1665
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• 2000

Mobile agents based e-commerce system has many advantage than traditional e-commerce-information gathering on goods, price settlement and payment, delivery of the goods purchased, and so on. However, due to the security vulnerability that stems from mobile agent's mobility, mobile agents based e-commerce system has additional security problems. Therefore, in order to do e-commerce securely in th system, first of al the security issues on mobile agents must be addressed. It this paper, we propose a mobile agent transfer protocol that provides confidentiality and integrity of mobile agent in transit and mutual authentication for communicating hosts. We further show the security of the protocol against many possible attacks. Also, we suggest the location management mechanism of mobile agents based on the trust center. This mechanism is capable of finding their locations transparently and detecting mobile agent clones.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.17-28
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to analyze logistics cost of transportation systems on EC(electronic commerce) between company and consumer. Transportation system in logistics is classified by three types on EC. The first type is the direct delivery from supply factory to consumers(type I). The second type is the delivery through distribution center in each area by owner logistics company (type II). The third type is the commission of delivery to the third party logistics company(type III). The logistics of EC has various service characteristics such as dealing with small quantity, various goods, and high frequency. This study assumes that all day's order is delivered on a next day. The logistics cost function is calculated according to the number of orders, delivery distance, transport quantify. and allocated freight trucks for daily order of the subject zone. The logistics cost changes according to the daily order characteristics. Therefore it is simulated to analyze the logistics cost change that considers the type of transportation's order characteristics. As a result of analysis, if the number of order is less than 10 and the quantify of each order is less than 10kg, type III has an advantage over the others And if the number of order is more than 10 and the quantity of each order is more than 10kg, type I has an advantage in the same zone and type II has an advantage in the other zones. This study is limited on the actual application because this study doesn't consider logistics infra of supply company and transport service time. If further study that considers these factors is implemented, it can estimate more accurate logistics cost on EC and propose an efficient freight transport alternatives to the company. This study attributes to estimate the logistics cost change over the frequency of daily order, the quantify of supply goods, and the transport distance on EC.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.97-129
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• 2007

The critical link between consumer-based internet ordering and the delivery of the product to the consumer is a key success factor in online shopping. Market areas of online shopping company implies the range of space where products ordered from online shopping can be physically delivered to customers distributed over space with reasonable shipping cost and lead time through the physical distribution network. The average rate of growth in online shopping is 36% per year in Korea for the last 5 years. But there are no maps available that describe sales/delivery density of online shopping, few researches are focused on the short-term/long-term adaptation to demand increase by online shopping. In this paper (1) Maps of trade area are described indicating the sales/delivery density around the nation. (2) Empirical researches suggested that short-term adaptation to demand increase resulted in price reduction and service in enhancement of service quality in local transportation. But the long-term adaptation on the parts of parcel delivery industry are to be investigated in future researches.

• IE interfaces
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.411-420
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• 2003

This paper deals with how Korea Post establishes a nation wide network of the parcel warehouse & distribution centers(PWDC). The state-of-the-art of the parcel service business in Japan and U.S. are introduced for benchmarking purpose. Potential customers of the PWDC and their major goods are identified. Current major customers of the Korea Post were interviewed to figure out the potential demand of the PWDC service. Five-year volume estimation of the Korea Parcel Service(KPS) is presented based on the past 30-month B-C volume of the four major door-to-door delivery service companies in Korea. Yearly construction plan of the PWDCs is proposed; and the networking strategy of PWDC is discussed.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.9-14
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• 1979

Inventories of finished products exist in each stage of the channel between production and consumption. An inventory has several functions, which make it possible to produce by economic lot size and to elevate services for consumer by shortening delivery time, etc$\cdots$. Finished products may be inventoried in delivery-center as well as at the plant where production takes place. So, finshed products must be dealt with as multistage inventory problem, because an inventory functions differently according to its place. The purpose of this study is to determine how much to carry in stock and what stage to carry Though there may be several channels between production and consumption, this study deals with only one main channel, that is, series of ncomponents and determines the optimal inventory policy by introducing the concept of selling probabilities.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.149-150
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• 2009

The problem of vehicle routing problem(VRP) with pair operations of pick up and delivery are well-known in real applications in logistics networks, as in planning the routes for automatic guided vehicles(AGVs) in an automatic container terminal(ACT), warehouses or in some just-in-time services. This paper will present a formulation to modeling the problem mathematically which can be used to generate optimal routes of carried vehicles in the field to reduce the incurred cost of moving goods. This selected model could be used in (semi-)automatic short-term planning systems for vehicle fleet working in ACT, or in modern warehouses which the long list of requests is parted and sorted in preprocessing orders systems.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2022

The growth of the online market is accelerating due to the development of technology and the pandemic era. The delivery service through the courier must be used to deliver the ordered goods to the customer through the online market. With the growth of the online market, the logistics market for delivery is also growing. The traffic and environmental problems are emerging as social issues. Urban logistics technology using underground space based on the urban railway developed to improve logistics efficiency in a metropolitan area and a new alternative to environmental problems. This study proposed a plan to secure system safety through safety analysis based on operational concept definition and scenario analysis by applying model-based perspective analysis to the system under development.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.62
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• pp.3-32
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• 2014

Article 77 sets forth the principle of prevention applied in several legal systems. Under this principle the party threatened by ooss as a consequence of a breach of contract by the other party is not permitted to await passively incurrence of the loss and then sue for damages. He is obliged to take adequate preventive measures to mitigate his loss. If the injured party abstains from taking such excessive measures he will not be considered to have failed to mitigate the loss under Article 77. The sanction provided in Article 77 against a party who fails to mitigate his loss only enables the other party to claim reduction in the damages. The reduction in damages under Article 77 is equal to the amount by which the loss should have been mitigated if the injured party had taken reasonable measures to avert or to lessen it. The aim of Article 77 is to encourage mitigation of the loss. The duty to mitigate the loss applies not only to a breach of contract in respect of an obligation whose performance is currently due. but also to an anticipatory breach of contract under Article 71. Article 85 contemplates that the buyer is in delay in fulfilling the latter obligation, or else that he fails to pay the price when payment is to be made concurrently with delivery of the goods by the seller. In both these situations of default, the seller who is either in possession of the goods or otherwise able to control their disposition must take measures, reasonable in the circumstances, to preserve them. The right of retention of the goods y the seller exists until he is reimbursed by the other party for the reasonable expenses incurred. Article 87 and Article 88 of the Convention grant different rights to the party obligated to take steps to preserve the goods; Article 87 allows him to deposit them in the warehouse of a third person, and Article 88 to sell them by whatever means appropriate. A difference exists between paragraph Article 88 (1) which grants the right to sell, and paragraph (2) which imposes the duty to take reasonable measures to sell the goods.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.23
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• pp.39-70
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• 2004

On the above, character of Incoterms and CISG, applicability of Incoterms to the principles of interpretation of CISG for contracts terms, and to the regulations of delivery and payment of price in connection with applicability of Incoterms to CISG are discussed. Conclusions are as follows : Although both rules is regulations which have to understand in connection with int'l trades of goods but CISG is a comprehensive substantive law in connection with a whole dealing course. On the other hand Incoterms are detailed substantive law of performance for two important sphere, that is to say, delivery and payment in the field of performance of CISG. According to both rules, letter credit is realizing processes of detailed performance for delivery and payment. As professor of Honnold's opinion, the relationship between Incoterms and CISG is peculiar and complementary. Therefore instead of considering the both from a point of pure legal views which both rules raise many problems that still a wait well consolidated and acknowledged answers, we have th consider the both with L/C system that still constitute a main payment system. Particularly ICC and Uncitral know that they are not only directly and indirectly involved in regulating process of the both sets but also can apply Incoterms to CISG on connection with the use of L/C.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.1181-1188
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• 2014

In this paper, we propose a novel concept foran unmanned delivery service using a cooperative heterogeneous unmanned system consisting of a self-driving car and an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The proposed concept is suitable to deliver parcels in high-density and high-rise urban or residential areas. In order to achieve the proposed concept, we will develop acooperative heterogeneous unmanned system. Customers can order goods using a smartphone application and the order information, including the position of the customer and the order time, and the package is transported automatically by the unmanned systems. The system assigns the tasks suitable for each unmanned vehicle by analyzing it based on map information. Performance is validated by experiments consisting of autonomous driving and flight tests in a real environment. For more evaluation, the landing position error analysis is performed using circular error probability (CEP).