• 아동학회지
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• 제1권
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• pp.94-106
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• 1980

The issue presented in this paper are as follows: 1. Legislative actions of welfare-related law for the exceptional children. The legislative base for the evolution has been yet weak and ambigous at best for a formalization of what should be considered accepted practice and effective action in providing handicapped child and their parents educational rights and equal protection of the law. And they are under remote control of partial factor subject to social welfare law for children, and public law for education, promotion law for the exceptional child education, protection law for public aids. 2. Organization of government for the welfare services for the exceptional children. There is no sing of a push toward consolidation of effort for the welfare service of the exceptional children in this country that seeks to recapture a sense of unity, of coherence, of completeness from a reality made up of discontinuous fragments of humanitarian effora This presently that. as for the education of the exceptional child, by the section of the exceptional education in MOE (Ministry of Education), and/or as for welfare services and promotion actions, by the section of child welfare in MHSA (Ministry of Health and Social Affairs). One door type operation rooted in the specialization, and limited resources to evolve multi-purpose agencies that undertake to provide a broad range of tangible and concrete services, as well as supportive counselling and assessment, under a single management which plans and directs the allocations of resources, should be followed. 3. Facilities and recruitment of teachers for the exceptional children. In this country there are 54 facilities for special services, 56 schools for the exceptional education, and 3 colleges and equavalents that provide teacher training services leading to certification with IIO annual graduates. However, curriculum for exceptional children should be rearranged and reconstructed. Conclusion; Only as for social welfare institutions in community, this country produced a succession of specific purpose activities, over period of time, that accumulated to form the present network of hundreds of social welfare organizations and facilities Periodically major efforts were launched to revitalize or to improve the help-giving system. But they lack specialization to be effective, and the nature of multi-purpose center tends to be vague for the classified handicapped. Therefore, there, should be linkage between policy maker and community services to maintain some coherenty in preventive care, treatment, and after cares. At last, the effects of the current concept "the exceptional child" involved with their families, and their neighborhood should be considered in view of the people who consist about 25% of the total population.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.377-398
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• 1993

A survey of infant practices was conducted to provide information on which to base planned nursing interventions. The subjects were a convenience sample of 168 mothers visiting out - patients departments of five general hospitals and one public health center in Seoul for immunizations or treatment for common colds for their infants from two to 12 months of age. Data collection was carried out from July 8th to September 30th, 1991 using a questionnaire of 84 questions, 31 on the type of feeding, 22 on supplementary feeding and 21 on demographic infer mation. The results are summarized as follows : 1) The type of feeding was primarily artificial feed-ing (63.1%), followed by mixed feeding (22%) and breast feeding (14.9%) of the 59 mothers expecting during pregnancy to breast feed, 54. 2% changed artificial feeding and 30.5% went on to breast feed as they had expected. For mothers expecting to continue breast feeding over seven months. only one infant was being breast fed for over seven months. 2) For the 106 mothers using artificial feeding, 70. 8% hed attempted breast feeding, 64% of them for less than a month. Breast milk had been suppressed by for medication (38.7%) : 34.9% had used no specia] means. 3) The major reasons for replacing breast feeding with artificial feeding were the infants' demand for more milk (47.2% ) and insufficient supply of breast milk (49.3％). 4) Most mixed feeding was started at the age of one to three months (59.5%). Only 34.4% gave an artificial feeding after breast feeding : most (46%) alternated breast feeding with artificial feeding. On the whole, the motive for mixed feeding was the lack of breast milk (70.3%). 5) Many mothers (81.8%) were adding vitamin or mineral supplements to artificial milk and 51.5% were adding something to faciliate digestion. As for the method of sterilizing milk bottles and nipples, 56% had sterilized them together in boiling water from the beginning : 27% were just washing the bottles after boiling only once initially when measuring artificial milk powder, 31. 5% of the mothers over filled the measuring spoon rather than to the level. 6) The mother's occupation was related to her way of feeding. Mothers at home full time did more breast feeding than mothers employed outside the home. (x²=5.72, p=〈0.05). 7) Most mothers began supplementary food, from three to four months (48.8%) : 11.2% began later than seven months. Supplementary food was given between milk feedings by 67.2% of the mothers : 19.2% gave it before a milk feeding. Some mothers(26.4%) made their own supplementary food : 19.2% used ready - made supplementary food products for convenience. Recommendations for nursing interventions included : 1. Prenatal education about the advantages of breast feeding and breast care, and home visits after delivery for counselling related to breast feeding. Correct preparation of artificial feeding methods need to be taught in both pre & postnatal periods. In addition, specific education about supplementary feeding needed. 2. Further research is indicated about the Perceived lack of supply of breast milk and about the effectiveness of nursing interventions to Promote breast feeding.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.271-283
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• 2001

The childbearing process is a sociocultural phenomenon of a woman who gives birth to a child as well as a biological phenomenon. The purpose of this ethnographic research study was to explore the experience of childbearing process of mothers with children from pregnancy to the 3 months postpartum in Korea and to understand deeply the perspectives of childbearing women reflected on Korean sociocultural values. A convenient sample of 10 childbearing women were observed from January to October 2000 through field work in Seoul, Korea. Data analysis was accomplished under ongoing process. The results of this study were as follows : The mothers with children experienced self-reflection, family relation, and physical adaptation during pregnancy. In self-reflection, all mothers experienced universality and diversity in their self-discovering process. The universal experiences were maturation, life with family and priority on maternal value between being a mother and a woman. The diverse experiences were taking a dual role of working mother, emotional drift of a resigned mother, and disheartened life of a mother who has two daughters. In family relation, the foundation of the new marital relationship were attained during childbearing process and sexual life were changed for the benefit of a healthy mother and a healthy baby. All mothers established friendly relations with their mothers, but established friendly or conflicting or constraining relations with their mother-in-laws due to husband based family culture. In physical adaptation, the informants endured well the physical discomfort and recognized general appearance change. Also maternal-fetal interaction occurred and mothers realistically felt motherhood and accepted themselves as mother-to-be. The mothers prepared for the best delivery, look for a safe childbirth center, newborn goods, endorsed family coping during hospitalization and responded labor pain to make it more endurable, less painful, fast passed owing to labor recognition of the natural process to be a mother. After childbirth, they felt emancipation, satisfaction, accomplishment, more easiness, actually feeling as mother-to-be, emptiness, and showed response to the sex of newborn. Their Sanhujori practice was different according to the Sanhujori environment including provider, place, time in postpartum and reflected on Sanhubyung. The mothers felt actually mother-to-be and happiness during lactation regardless of feeding pattern. These mothers had a different maternal image about rearing subjecthood through their child-rearing experience. But all mothers felt need for family support and social support. The universal rearing response were actual feeling of mother-to-be, a strenuous experience, a pride on child-rearing, confusion, reflecting marital relationship, and wondering rivalry among children. In conclusion, mother of all with children went through self-discovery, self-reflection and made connections with the family as a mother and as a woman simultaneously during the childbearing process. Therefore it is suggested when harmony and balance between a mother and a woman is accomplished, the woman will lead a healthy and high quality of life. Also, this study sought to confirm the sociocultural factors affecting the childbearing process from the perspectives of the women with children. Therefore health care providers must understand deeply the childbearing women with children based on this finding of and try a integrative approach with new ideology of maternity with biocultural perspectives in a clinical setting.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.171-183
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to identify the incidence of urinary incontinence in adult women and to identify factors related to life style and sexual intercourse that were related to incontinence. The sample consisted of 1,065 women living in Seoul or one of five provinces. Data for this study were collected from January 16 to June 23 using structured questionnaires. The Urinary Symptom Questionnaire developed by Jackson and a demographic questionnaire were used to collect the data. The data were analyzed using frequency, percentage with an SPSS/PC$^{+}$ program. The major finding are as follows : 1. The distribution of age of subjects was as follows : 20-29(10.1%), 20-39(17.8%), 40-49(27.3%). 50-59(22.3%), 60-69(12.9%), 70-79(6.1%). 80-89(2.8%), more than 90(0.6%). The frequency of normal delivery, 0(155%), 1-2(36.0%), 3-4(29.2%), 5-6(13.0%). more than 7(6.3%). The rate of subjects with menopause was 40.8%. 2. It was reported that 50.7% of the subjects experienced urinary incontinence with stress, mixed. and urgency incontinence being 49.8%, 43.4%, 6.8% respectively. 3. The lower urinary symptoms and incidence with urinary incontinence were as follows : Daily frequency. 22.3%, nocturia. 40.8%, urgency, 71.2%, bladder pain 47.8%, unexplainned incontinence, 32.4%, noctural incontinence, 16.1%, and frequency of incontinence, 37.7%. In term of quantity of incontinence, drop/pants damp, 29.5%, dribble/pants wet, 20.5%, flood or soaking through to outer clothing, 1.7%, and flood or running down legs or onto floor, 0.2%. 4. The symptoms related to sexual intercourse and incidence of urinary incontinence were as follows : dry vagina, 39.1%, sex life trouble, 10.8%, pain during sexual intercourse, 27.4%, and urine leakage during sexual intercourse. 8.8%. 5. Life style problems related to urinary incontinence were as follows : fluid intake restriction, 20.0%, affected daily task, 24.5%. avoidance of placess and situations, 35.0%, interference in physical activities, 30.6%, interference in relationships with other people. 19.0%. interference in relationships with husband/companion, 8.1%, and time after attack of urinary symptoms, 76.9%. In term of the feeling about the rest of their lifves the women reported : perfectly happy, 11.3%. pleased, 16.9%. mostly satisfied, 20.2%, mixed feelings, 21.0%, mostly dissatisfied, 21.0%, very unhappy 8.5%, and desperate. 1.0%. In conclusion. this study was a preliminary study to provide nursing practices guidelines for incontinence in adult women. Nurse working with adult women should develop and provide adequate care for these women.n.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제17권12호
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• pp.241-249
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• 2012

현재 정보통신의 비약적인 발전은 의료서비스 전달체계에서도 큰 변화와 진전을 야기하고 있으며 세계적으로 점차 확대되어가고 있는 추세이다. 이는 의료정보화라는 이름으로 환자에게는 질병의 진단, 치료에 있어서 보다 신속, 세밀하고 정확히 판단할 수 있게 하여 수준 높은 보건의료서비스를 제공하는 한편 의료기관 및 관련기관은 업무의 효율성을높여가고 있다. 그 중 원격의료는 의료기관의 방문 없이 대기시간의 단축, 일률적인 고도의 의료수준을 기대할 수 있는 등의 장점이 있는 제도이다. 특히 장소와 시간에 구애받지 않고 방대한 의학에 관한 정보접근성이 높아질 수 있다는 점이다. 그러나 현대 과학 기술의 발달의 속도에 비해 운용상의 제반 규정과 마인드가 부족한 것이 현실이다. 현행 우리 의료법에서는 원격의료를 규정하고는 있으나 그 내부적 관계에 따르는 세부적인 법률관계의 부재 및 현장에서 이루어지는 의료행위가 아닌 정보통신망을 이용한 비대면접촉에 의한 특수한 형태라는 측면에서 제도적, 시설적, 환경적 제약이 있음을 부인할 수 없다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 현행 원격의료의 발전 잠재 가능성이 무한함을 전제로 법적 문제점 및 개선점을 고찰해보고 이를 통한 원격의료를 활성화할 수 있는 활로를 모색하고자 한다.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.430-436
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• 2010

웰빙 열풍을 계기로 다이어트에 대한 관심이 많아졌고, IT의 발달로 인한 인터넷 기술의 보급으로 인하여 다음, 네이버와 같은 종합 포털 사이트나 블로그, 까페 등과 같은 커뮤니티를 통하여 사용자들은 항상 최신화된 정보를 얻을 수 있게 되었다. 따라서, 건강이나 다이어트 관련 웹사이트를 많이 접할 수 있게 되었다. 하지만 기존의 다이어트 사이트들은 메뉴가 간단하지 않았고, 컨텐츠가 너무 방대하여서 사용자가 원하는 정보가 정확하지 않다. 또한 다이어트 정보의 최신화가 잘 이루어지지 않는다. 본 논문에서는 사용자 맞춤형 다이어트 정보를 제공하는 'Calory&Diet'라는 웹사이트를 구축하였다. 제안하는 다이어트 사이트의 특징은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 구성메뉴를 간단화하여 사용자가 쉽게 정보를 얻을 수 있게 한다. 둘째, 각 사용자에게 꼭 필요한 맞춤형 컨텐츠를 제공한다. 셋째, OPEN API를 이용하여 별도의 DB 업데이트 없이도 사용자가 항상 최신화된 다이어트 정보를 얻을 수 있게 한다. 100명의 사용자에게 설문한 결과 제안하는 시스템이 기존 시스템에 비해 5점 척도 기준으로 간편성 항목에서 $0.2{\pm}0.65$점, 맞춤형 관련 항목에서 $0.2{\pm}0.69$점, 최신 관련 항목에서 $0.3{\pm}0.59$점 정도 높게 나타났다.

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제9권9호
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• pp.219-228
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• 2019

본 연구는 직무만족 측정도구를 국내 실정에 맞게 수정하여 치과위생사의 직무만족을 평가 할 수 있는 도구를 개발하고 타당도와 신뢰도를 평가하고자 시행하였다. 직무만족 원도구의 54문항을 번역하여 내용타당도와 내용분석을 통해 총 35문항을 삭제하여 총 24문항으로 확정되었다. 연구결과 탐색적 요인분석에 의해 전반적인 만족, 소득, 환자관계, 직업적 시간, 개인시간, 실무관리, 진료활동, 동료관계로 구분되었다. 확인적 요인분석을 통한 모형의 적합도는 대체로 기준에 충족하였다. 내적 일관성을 검증한 결과 Cronbach's ${\alpha}$은 전반적인 만족 0.918, 소득 0.833, 환자관계 0.804, 직업적 시간 0.675, 개인시간 0.939, 실무관리 0.739, 진료활동 0.757, 동료관계 0.742로 나타나 신뢰할 만한 수준의 측정도구임을 나타냈다. 이상의 결과에 따라 치과위생사의 직무만족 측정도구의 타당도와 신뢰도는 적합하다고 검증되었다. 향후 치과위생사의 직무만족 연구에 사용될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 대한치과의료관리학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.15-23
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• 2020

The aim of this study is to identify future-oriented tasks for Korean dental hygienists based on a literature review. A literature search is performed using 14 keywords related to tasks carried out by dental hygienists, and included articles published from 2000 to 2019 in the databases KISS, RISS, DBpia, NDSL, Papersearch, Pubmed, and Google Scholar. Six reviewers assessed the titles and abstracts of articles, and an article was selected if the study was considered to cover future-oriented tasks for Korean dental hygienists. Based on the results six local studies and two foreign studies were used for literature review and data extraction. In total, 38 tasks were classified as future-oriented tasks of dental hygienists according to the following criteria: 1) tasks that were specifically referred to as future-oriented tasks, and 2) tasks that could be classified as future-oriented tasks although no specific reference was made. Of these, the most frequently mentioned tasks were measuring periodontal pocket depth, dental hygiene assessment, providing dietary advice, infiltration anesthesia, and root planing. These were extracted from five of the eight studies, including both local and foreign studies. Dental hygiene planning, emergency, emergency management, and smoking cessation were the next most common tasks based on four studies. Even though some of these future-oriented tasks for Korean dental hygienists are included in the dentistry curriculum, and are currently performed as clinical practice for dental hygienists. Nonetheless, the reference to the legal scope is unclear. It is necessary to reconsider the scope of tasks of dental hygienists to reflect changes in domestic and foreign dental care delivery, thereby contributing to the oral health promotion of the public, where safety is guaranteed under legal protection.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.303-311
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• 2022

최근 COVID-19 이후 한시적 허용을 통해 증가하고 있는 비대면진료 플랫폼 기업에서 온라인 처방약 배송까지 함께 제공하는 경우가 증가하고 있어 이에 대한 기존 의약품공급자들의 우려가 커지는 가운데 적극적인 대응 움직임도 나타나고 있다. 본 연구에서는 게임이론의 시장 진입 저지 모형을 중심으로 기존 의약품공급자의 선제적 적극 대응이 성공적으로 시행될 수 있을 경우 온라인 의약품배송기업의 시장 진입을 억제할 수 있으나, COVID-19 이후 비대면진료의 한시적 허용에 따라 비대면진료 및 처방약 배송 플랫폼의 시장 진입이 효과적으로 이루어진 상황에서는 기존 의약품공급자의 수용적 대응이 보다 합리적인 선택이 될 수 있음을 보였다. 다만, 소비자 편이성 증대 방향의 소매 의약품유통시장 관련 제도 개선에 기존 의약품공급자들이 보다 전향적으로 협력할 수 있도록 온라인 처방약 배송 플랫폼 기업에 참여하는 약사들에 대해 일일 처방전 접수 건수에 상한선을 설정하는 방법, 의약품배송 약국 선택 시 기존 이용 약국 및 의료이용자의 거주지역 지역사회 약국이 우선 소개될 수 있도록 플랫폼 사용자 환경에 노출 방식 및 노출 시간 등을 조정하는 방안, 장기적으로 비대면진료 및 의약품배송 플랫폼 기업의 기업 공개 시 지역사회 약국 등이 자본 참여할 수 있는 방안 등이 고려될 필요가 있다.

• 적정기술학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.94-102
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• 2020

신재생에너지는 개발도상국의 농촌 지역의 지속가능한 개발을 위한 필수 요소이다. 나아가, 독립형 신재생에너지 발전 시스템을 의료 분야에 응용하여 삶의 질을 증진시킬 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 개발도상국에서 백신을 안전하게 보관하고 보급하여, 콜드체인 영역을 확장하기 위해서 신재생에너지 기반 백신 공급 시스템을 구축하였다. 백신 공급 시스템은 신재생 에너지로 전기를 공급하는 보건소와 이를 연결하는 스마트 백신 캐리어로 구성되었다. 백신 캐리어는 펠티어 소자를 이용하여 냉각 시스템을 개선하였고, 위치 및 온도 모니터링 장비를 설치하였다. 또한, 네팔의 남부 마을에서 현장시험과 지형학적 분석으로 개발된 시스템의 성능 및 효과를 평가하였다. 신재생에너지 시스템은 보건소의 냉장고를 정상적으로 작동시켰으며, 백신 캐리어는 더욱 긴 냉장 시간과 안정적인 온도 조절 성능을 확보하였다. 지형학적 분석 결과, 본 시스템이 기존보다 넓은 지역으로 백신을 보급할 수 있을 것으로 추정하였다. 따라서, 신재생에너지와 스마트 기기의 도입이 콜드체인 영역을 확장하고 백신 공급율을 증가시켜, 결과적으로 개발도상국의 농촌 지역 의료 서비스를 개선할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.