• Advances in Computational Design
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.367-384
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• 2018

The consideration of constructability issues at the design stage can lead to improved construction performance with smooth project delivery and savings in time and money. Empirical studies demonstrate the value obtained by integrating construction knowledge with the building design process, and its benefits for owners, contractors and designers. However, it is still a challenge to implement the concept into current design practice. There is a need for a decision support tool to aid designers in reviewing their design constructability, deploying current technological tools, such as BIM. Such tools are beneficial at the conceptual design stage when there is a room to improve the design significantly with less incurred cost. This research investigates how current process- and object-oriented models can be used to assess design constructability. It proposes a BIM-based model using embedded information within the design environment to conduct the assessment. The modelling framework is demonstrated in four key parts; namely, the conceptual design model, the constructability assessment model, the assessment process model and the decision-making phase. Each is associated with a set of components and functions that contribute towards the targeted constructability assessment outcomes. The proposed framework is the first to combine a numerical assessment system and a rule-based system, allowing for both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The modelling framework and its implementation through a prototype are described in this paper. It is believed that this framework is the first to enable users to transfer their construction knowledge and experience directly into a design platform linked to BIM models. The assessment criteria can be customised by the users who can reflect their own constructability preferences into various specialised profiles that can be added to the constructability assessment model. It also allows for the integration of the assessment process with the design phase, facilitating the optimisation of constructability performance from the early design stage.

• Journal of National Security and Military Science
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• s.8
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• pp.271-309
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• 2010

The main theme of this study is about North Korea's contemporary military strategy which remained a blind spot in the 21st century. Indeed, Pyongyang's contemporary military strategy is evolved from the logic of War. On the basis of this logic, this study examined North Korea's contemporary military strategy with three analytical frameworks. The first is the discovery of Clausewitz's dictums and application of the Trinitarian analysis on the Korean cases. During the course of applying Clausewitzian main dictum--War as continuation of politics, the methodological analysis on war played a important role generalizing the pattern and matrix of North Korea's strategic thinking and military strategy. In particular, Clausewitz's Trinitarian framework on war -Government (reason), Army (chance), People (passion)- was a universal framework to scrutinize the North Korean missile and nuclear strategy. The second is about the matrix of North Korea's military strategy, The study suggested the genealogical feature of Pyongyang's military strategy. In principle, the dictum of 'Military-First Politics' 1S the combination of the political philosophy, Chuch'e (self-reliance) of Kim Il Sung and Kin Jong Il reflected in the military readiness. As a result this analysis was able to equate Clausewitz's dictums to explain Pyongyang's idea of the nature of war in that North Korea's military strategy is the central instrument of delivery to achieve political objectives. The third is about the theoretical encounter of 'Clausewitz's Wonderful Trinity' and 'Remarkable Trinity on North Korea's contemporary strategy'. On the basis, three elements are connected to one of three groups in society; the people, the military, and the government. In order to apply the Clausewitz's Trinitarian analysis into Kim Jong Il's 'Military-First' strategy, two case studies (Missile and Nuclear strategy) were examined. The finding of this study is that Clausewitzian dictum in the 19th century is still valid in the 21st century as it provided plausible theoretical framework to explain the North Korean contemporary military strategy with a reminder that the nature and logic of war are fixed in the socially constructed state.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.89-94
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• 2023

Cloud-based technology is used in different organizations around the world for various purposes. Using this technology, the service providers provide the service mainly SaaS, PaaS and while the cloud service consumer consumes the services by paying for the service they used or accessed by the principle of "pay per use". The customer of the services can get any services being at different places or locations using different machines or electronic devices. Under the conditions of being well organized and having all necessary infrastructures, the services can be accessed suitably. The identified problem in this study is that cloud providers control and monitor the system or tools by ignoring the calculation and consideration of various faults made from the cloud provider side during service delivery. There are currently problems with ignoring the consumer or client during the monitoring and mentoring system for cloud services consumed at the customer or client level by SLA provisions. The new framework was developed to address the above-mentioned problems. The framework was developed as a unified modeling language. Eight basic components are used to develop the framework. For this research, the researcher developed a prototype by using a selected cloud tool to simulate and java programming language to write a code as well as MySQL to store data during SLA. The researcher used different criteria to validate the developed framework i.e. to validate SLA that is concerned with a cloud service provider, validate what happened when the request from the client-side is less than what is specified in SLA and above what is specified in SLA as well as implementing the monitoring mechanism using the developed Monitoring component. The researcher observed that with the 1st and 3rd criteria the service level agreement was violated and this indicated that if the Service level agreement is monitored or managed only by cloud service prover, there is a violation of LSA. Therefore, the researcher recommended that the service level agreement be managed by both cloud service providers and service consumers in the cloud computing environment.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.46
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• pp.427-458
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• 2001

The present study is designed to trace the successful reform steps taken within the employment support system in the UK and to extract a set of instructive implications for Korea's future reform path towards an efficient employment support system conductive to youth employment by setting out an analytical framework that links the British experience to the Korean context. To this end, this study focuses on three major aspects of employment support system: delivery mechanism, method of delivery, and programs. Implications drawn from the comparative analysis are as follows. First, the current employment support services in Korea-including job placement service, vocational training, and public works-should be more tightly integrated and delivered in a more consistent fashion in order to become highly accessible to the unemployed. Second, the cooperative network between employment service providers and the corporate sector as demander of labor should be institutionalized in order to make the employment support system more responsive to labor demand. Third, to create an enhanced employment support system that counts in individual differences of the unemployed would require continued, in-depth consultation and case management services along with fully specialized employment caseworkers who would provide them. Fourth, the government should take the initiative and be unflaggingly supportive both institutionally and financially in making future efforts to continuously improve the employment support system on the basis of the implications mentioned above.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.568-577
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• 2014

We consider a mobile content delivery network (mCDN) in which special mobile devices designated as caching servers (caching-server device: CSD) can provide mobile stations with popular contents on demand via device-to-device (D2D) communication links. On the assumption that mobile CSD's are randomly distributed by a Poisson point process (PPP), an optimization problem is formulated to determine the probability of storing the individual content in each server in a manner that minimizes the average caching failure rate. Further, we present a low-complexity search algorithm, optimum dual-solution searching algorithm (ODSA), for solving this optimization problem. We demonstrate that the proposed ODSA takes fewer iterations, on the order of O(log N) searches, for caching N contents in the system to find the optimal solution, as compared to the number of iterations in the conventional subgradient method, with an acceptable accuracy in practice. Furthermore, we identify the important characteristics of the optimal caching policies in the mobile environment that would serve as a useful aid in designing the mCDN.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2022.06a
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• pp.25-32
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• 2022

As a project delivery method, Design-Build (DB) has provided owner, architect, and contractor groups with a process of early design and rapid construction for the past three decades. Although there are many benefits to using standard DB, dissatisfaction has arisen due to limitations to innovate, limited owner involvement during design, and often lengthy procurement. Progressive Design-Build (PDB) has become an appealing alternative providing benefits not seen with standard DB. This paper investigates how PDB impacts a project and how it compares against standard DB; it also presents a proposed framework for evaluating the owner's responsibility and assessment of a project, which we named the "Four Pillars of Project Success". The four pillars are defined with respect to an owner's responsibility and assessment of a project, including project predictability, project risk, project schedule, and project cost. We conducted a literature review, examined several public project case studies, analyzed PDB project information collected by the Design-Build Institute of America (DBIA), and held stakeholder interviews with owners, contractors, and architects who have used both PDB and standard DB. This paper offers insight into PDB's structure and outcomes so an owner group can make an informed decision when considering PDB as their next construction contracting method.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.292-295
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• 2003

This paper presents the architecture and its function of Tool server. MPEG-21 will enable all-electronic creation, delivery and trade of digital multimedia content and transparent usage of various content types on network device. Therefore, we can provide access to information and services from almost anywhere at anytime with various terminals and networks. In order to support multimedia delivery chain that contains content creation, production, delivery and consumption, we need some elements to identify, describe, manage and protect the contents. Thus, we define Digital Item Processing(DIP), Digital Item Adaptation(DIA) server and Tool server as primary objects of MPEG-21 multimedia framework. DIP provides a function which creates and consumes Digital Item(DI) as a kind of a digital object by user. DIA server adapts the original DI to the usage environment description sent from the terminal and transmits the adapted DI to the terminal. Tool sewer searches for a tool requested from DIP or DIA and downloads the best tool to DIP or DIA server. In this paper, we present how Tool server is organized and is used among 2 primary objects. The paper is structured as following: Section 1 briefly describes why MPEG-21 is needed and what MPEG-21 wants. We see the basic architecture of tool server and its functionality by each module in section 2. Section 3 explains a scenario that tool server transmits tool to DIP or DIA. The paper concludes in section 4.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.122-133
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• 2014

Recent diversification of project delivery systems coupled with increasing mega-projects requires highly advanced construction management techniques. Among those techniques, procurement and design management are recognized as being the first priority for overseas construction projects. Nevertheless, previous research in design management has been limited to the quality management of the design documents at design stage. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the design management from a comprehensive perspective throughout the project life cycle. In this context, the purpose of this paper is to propose a conceptual framework for integrated design management (IDM). Several different concepts in relation to design management were investigated first in order to identify the major variables of the IDM framework. A comprehensive comparison of construction management methodologies was also analyzed in order to identify key factors of IDM. Finally, an IDM framework was proposed by combining those factors and relevant issues. Based on the proposed framework, a survey was conducted in order to validate the framework as well as to identity important areas for improving competitive capability of Korean construction companies.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.84-92
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• 1999

The rumen microbial ecosystem is coming to be recognized as a rich alternative source of genes for industrially useful enzymes. Recent advances in biotechnology are enabling development of novel strategies for effective delivery and enhancement of these gene products. One particularly promising avenue for industrial application of rumen enzymes is as feed supplements for nonruminant and ruminant animal diets. Increasing competition in the livestock industry has forced producers to cut costs by adopting new technologies aimed at increasing production efficiency. Cellulases, xylanases, ${\beta}$-glucanases, pectinases, and phytases have been shown to increase the efficiency of feedstuff utilization (e.g., degradation of cellulose, xylan and ${\beta}$-glucan) and to decrease pollutants (e.g., phytic acid). These enzymes enhance the availability of feed components to the animal and eliminate some of their naturally occurring antinutritional effects. In the past, the cost and inconvenience of enzyme production and delivery has hampered widespread application of this promising technology. Over the last decade, however, advances in recombinant DNA technology have significantly improved microbial production systems. Novel strategies for delivery and enhancement of genes and gene products from the rumen include expression of seed proteins, oleosin proteins in canola and transgenic animals secreting digestive enzymes from the pancreas. Thus, the biotechnological framework is in place to achieve substantial improvements in animal production through enzyme supplementation. On the other hand, the rumen ecosystem provides ongoing enrichment and natural selection of microbes adapted to specific conditions, and represents a virtually untapped resource of novel products such as enzymes, detoxificants and antibiotics.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.42 no.7 s.337
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• pp.7-18
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• 2005

Geomulticast is a specialized location-dependent multicasting technique, where messages are multicast to some specific user groups within a specifc zone. In this paper, we propose architectures and protocols for supporting geomulticast services in a cost effective way and with high message delivery accuracy in the challenging environment of mobile ad-hoc networks. Furthermore, we define and formulate a framework in order to evaluate the performance of the design alternatives used for the support of geomulticast services in mobile ad-hoc networks. Based on this framework, we evaluate the performance of the proposed architectures and protocols and we obtain some insight about the impact of the various design and operational parameters on the overall system performance.