• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.69-77
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• 2006

This paper studied the effects of consumers' fashion item sales promotion attitude, depending on different sales promotions (monetary vs. non monetary) and sales promotion benefit timing (immediate vs. delayed) in fashion stores (high involvement product brand vs. low involvement). Three hypotheses were developed. H1; Monetary promotion is more effective than non-monetary promotion in fashion stores. H2; Immediate benefit is more effective than delayed benefit for both monetary and non-monetary promotions in fashion stores. H3; High-involvement fashion brand is more promotion elastic than low-involvement. Data were solicited from 300 female college student and $2{\times}2{\times}2$ between subjects experiment were designed. The results found out that monetary sales promotion effect was more positive than non-monetary and H1 was supported. Furthermore immediate benefit method was more effective than delayed benefit and H2 was supported as well. Significant interaction between sales promotion type and benefit timing was obtained. However, brand involvement effect was not found to the sales promotion attitudes.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers P
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• v.65 no.3
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• pp.178-182
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• 2016

FIDVR(Fault Induced Delayed Voltage Recovery) is a phenomenon that recovery of the system voltage level delays after the fault. Cause of FIDVR phenomenon is motor load characteristic about voltage and reactive power. In low voltage condition, the motor go to stall state that consume large amount of reactive power. As a result, the voltage recovery problem is that of repeated occurrences of sustained low voltage following faults on the system. In this paper, analysis the characteristics of the motor load. And using the korean power system actual data, perform a case studies to voltage delay recovery phenomenon alleviation method. Change of each parameters by analyzing the effect on system and selecting an influence parameter. In addition, dynamic characteristic analysis of the resulting difference in the proportion by the motor load in power systems, considering the effect on the voltage stability.

• The Journal of Dong Guk Oriental Medicine
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• v.1
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• pp.15-54
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• 1992

The present study was accomplished to investigate the relation between menstrual cycle and ovulation by studying the fluctuation of FSH, LH, estrogen and progesterone concentration in serum samples of selected senior high school women with normal and delayed menstrual cycles after administration of Jokyungijongoktang which was a widely used herb medicine for controlling abnormal menstrual cycles. The obtained results were summarized as follows : 1. There was a significant increase of FSH concentration in women with delayed menstrual cycles after administration of Jokyungjongoktang during the preovulatory phase. 2. Jokyungiongoktang produced a significant elevation od LH concentration in women with normal and delayed menstrual cycles, respectively, during the critical interval of ovulation. 3. Estrogen concentration was significantly decreased in women with delayed menstrual cycles after administration of Jokyungjongoktang during the critical interval of ovulation. 4. Peogesterone concentration significantly increase in women with delayed menstrual cycles after administration of Jokyungjongoktang, respectively, during the postovulatory phase. According to the above results, it can be considered that Jokyungjongoktang restore menstruation and pregnancy-related hormones to normal serum levels of women with normal menstrual cycles by activating maturation of ovum and action of estrogen during the preovulatory phase, ovulation and progesterone synthesis during the critical interval of ovulation, and nidation and endometrium sufficient for the continued pregnacy during the postovulatory phase in women with delayed menstrual cycles.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.37-44
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• 1999

Delayed onset muscle soreness is a sensation of discomfort that occurs 24h after exercise, and it is associated with the performance of unfamiliar and high force muscle wor, such as eccentric contractions. The injury to the muscle has been well described but the mechanism underlying the injury is not fully understood. Although the pathophysiological processes underlying delayed onset muscle soreness are not completely understood, many researchers have investigated various treatments in a attempt to reduce the soreness. These treatments have focused on reducing the inflammation, or edema, consequent to tissue damage, and breaking up the cycle which is thought provoke tonic muscle spasm or pain. Physical therapy is the most importance thechniques to reduce delayed onset muscle soreness. Physical therapy on delayed onset muscle soreness includes massage, exercise, therapeutic ultrasound, TENS, stretching and cryotherapy, this investigation should encourage physical therapists to experiment further with various techniques to reduce delayed onset muscle soreness.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.76-88
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• 1997

Constant .DELTA.K fatigue crack growth rate experiments were performed by applying an intermediate single and multiple overload for structural steel, SM45C. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the influence of multiple overloads at various stress intensity factor ranges and the effect of statistical variability of crack retardation behavior. The normalized delayed load cycle, delayed crack length and the minimum crack growth rate are increased with increasing baseline stress intensity factor range when the overload ratio and the number of overload application were constant. The crack retardation under low baseline stress intensity factor range increases by increasing the number of overload application, but the minimum crack growth rate decreases by increasing the number of overload application. A strong linear correlation exists between the minimum crack growth rate and the number of overload applications. And, it was observed that the variability in the crack growth retardation behavior are presented, the probability distribution functions of delayed load cycle, delayed crack length and crack growth life are 2-parameter Weibull. The coefficient of variation of delayed load cycle and delayed crack length for the number of 10 overload applications data are 14.8 and 9.2%, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.207-213
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• 1998

These experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of electrical stimulation(ES) and delayed chilling (DC) on the quality characteristics of Hanwoo beef. The left half carcass was treated with ES(550V, 90sec)within postmortem 30min. The electrical stimulated half carcass was subjected to chilling at 16$^{\circ}C$ for 24hr, and then stored at 2$\pm$2$^{\circ}C$ for 15days (ESDC). The right half carcass was stored at 2$\pm$2$^{\circ}C$ for 15 days (NES). ESDC showed a rapid pH fall and tended to reach to pH5.54 at postmortem 2 hrs. But, there was no consistent effect of electrical stimulation and delayed chilling on meat color, cooking loss and water holding capacity. Myofibril fragmentation index was higher than that of NES during storage. ESDC showed lower shear force value and strength consistently than NES. SDS-PAGE band patterns of myofibrils showed the rapid breakdown of troponin T and troponin I band in ESDC, compared with NES, and revealed the specific band below myosin light chain-2 pattern in ESDC.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.18-23
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• 2019

Purpose: This examined the effect of Kinesio taping pre-intervention on the pain, tenderness, proprioceptive sensation, and muscle strength associated with delayed onset muscle soreness. Methods: Thirty subjects were divided into a Kinesio taping application group of 15 subjects and a control non-taped group of 15 subjects, and the changes in individual variables were analyzed before taping and at 24, 48, and 72 hours after taping using two-way repeated ANOVA. Post-hoc t-tests were conducted in the cases with intergroup interactions, and the significance level ${\alpha}$ was set to ${\alpha}=0.01$. Results: The changes in pain during rest were significantly different only for the times, while the changes in pain during exercise were significantly different for the times, interactions between the times and groups, and intergroup changes (p<0.05). The changes in tenderness were significantly different for the times and for interactions between the times and groups (p<0.05). The changes in proprioceptive sensation were significantly different for the times, interactions between times and groups, and intergroup changes (p<0.05). The changes in muscle strength were significantly different only for the times (p<0.05). Conclusion: The application of Kinesio taping had positive effects on the pain, tenderness, and proprioceptive sensation of delayed onset muscle soreness. These results suggest that Kinesio taping can be a useful therapeutic factor in future studies and in clinical settings.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.202-208
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• 2013

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of delayed controlled atmosphere (CA) storage on fruit quality and the incidence of storage disorders during CA storage of 'Fuji' apples (Malus x domestica Borkh.). In the first year of experiment, 'Fuji' apples showed 40% of watercore disorder at the commercial harvest time (Oct. 22). Twenty days delayed CA storage caused to develop the incidence of flesh browning while 30 days delayed CA storage did not. In the second year of experiment, watercore was increased with delaying harvest time. As the estabilishment of delayed CA storage was delayed, the incidence of flesh browning increased at 10 to 30 days delayed CA storage but 40 days delayed CA storage did not have any flesh browning incidence. Respiration rate increased with extending the storage duration. Delayed CA storage reduced respiration rate but was not different compared to the rapid CA. Ethylene production rate was lower in delayed CA storage than in cold storage but higher in delayed CA storage, compared to rapid CA storage. Titratable acidity was lower in delayed CA storage as CA storage progressed. Firmness was not different between rapid CA storage and delayed CA storage after 8 months of CA storage. Therefore, the results indicate that delayed CA storage should be a promising approach to reduce the risk development of flesh browning and watercore during CA storage of 'Fuji' apples.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.66 no.5
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• pp.562-572
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• 2023

Objective : Bevacizumab is a feasible option for treating cerebral radiation necrosis (RN). We investigated the clinical outcome of RN after treatment with bevacizumab and factors related to the initial response and the sustained effect. Methods : Clinical data of 45 patients treated for symptomatic RN between September 2019 and February 2021 were retrospectively collected. Bevacizumab (7.5 mg/kg) was administered at 3-week intervals with a maximum four-cycle schedule. Changes in the lesions magnetic resonance image (MRI) scans were examined for the response evaluation. The subgroup analysis was performed based on the initial response and the long-term maintenance of the effect. Results : Of the 45 patients, 36 patients (80.0%) showed an initial response, and eight patients (17.8%) showed delayed worsening of the corresponding lesion. The non-responders showed a significantly higher incidence of diffusion restriction on MRI than the responders (100.0% vs. 25.0%, p<0.001). The delayed worsening group showed a significantly higher proportion of glioma pathology than the maintenance group (87.5% vs. 28.6%, p=0.005). Cumulative survival rates with sustained effect were significantly higher in the groups with non-glioma pathology (p=0.019) and the absence of diffusion restriction (p<0.001). Pathology of glioma and diffusion restriction in MRI were the independent risk factors for non-response or delayed worsening after initial response. Conclusion : The initial response of RN to bevacizumab was favorable, with improvement in four-fifths of the patients. However, a certain proportion of patients showed non-responsiveness or delayed exacerbations. Bevacizumab may be more effective in treating RN in patients with non-glioma pathology and without diffusion restriction in the MRI.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.204-208
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• 2001

Position control of the electro-hydraulic servo indexing system in a flexible forging machine was investigated Flexible forging machine forges an axial type workpiece in the radial direction as well as in the axial direction. The role of the indexing system is to rotate a workpiece fast and accurately to a desired position for continuous shaping. Since the inertia of a workpiece changes during each forging step, a control technique which is robust to inertia variation should be adopted to the position control of the workpiece. In this study, time delayed control technique is applied to the servo system. Time delayed control method does not depend on estimation of specific parameters. Rather, it depends on the direct estimation of a function representing the effect of uncertainties. Direct estimation is accomplished using time delay and the gathered information is used to cancel the unknown dynamics is accomplished using disturbances simultaneously. Experimental result show that the time delayed controller is robust to inertia variation of the load, and satisfactory performance on the sposition accuracy is obtained compared to the contentional feedback control.