• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.5-18
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• 1987

Buses arrive at a traffic intersection later than passenger cars by the amount of dwell time at previous bus stops. This late arrival of buses affects the total passenger delay at intersections especially in the street carrying large bus volume. The bus progression signal system in which the signal offset is given in favor of bus platoons was applied in the case area of Kangnam street in Seoul, and various effects were analyzed using the TRANSYT-7F simulation model. It was observed that the total passenger delay can be reduced significantly if the bus progression signal system is applied, and the most effective bus priority treatment is proved to be the bus progression signal system installed with exclusive bus lanes.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.29 no.3_4
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• pp.721-741
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• 2011

In this paper we have considered a dynamical mathematical model of the sub-populations of potential smokers (non-smokers), smokers, smokers who temporarily quit smoking, smokers who permanently quit smoking and a class of smoking associated illness by introducing time dependent parameters and distributed time delay to acquire smoking habit. Here, we have established some sufficient conditions on the permanence and extinction of the smoking class in the community by using inequality analytical technique. We have introduced some new threshold values $R_0$ and $R^*$ and further obtained that the smoking class in the community will be permanent when $R_0$ > 1 and the smoking class in the community will be going to extinct when $R^*$ < 1. By Lyapunov functional method, we have also obtained some sufficient conditions for global asymptotic stability of this model. Computer simulations are carried out to explain the analytical findings. The aim of the analysis of this model is to identify the parameters of interest for further study, with a view to informing and assisting policy-maker in targeting prevention and treatment resources for maximum effectiveness.

• The Journal of Korean Society of Virology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 1996

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) replication and $Ca^{2+}$ response in human cell lines of neuronal origin were investigated. SK-N-SH (neuroblastoma cells) and A172 cells (glioblastoma cells) were used. SK-N-SH cells were permissive for HCMV multiplication with a delay of one day compared to virus multiplication in human embryo lung (HEL) cells. The delay of HCMV multiplication in SK-N-SH cells appeared to be correlated with a delay in the $Ca^{2+}$ response. The cytoplasmic free $Ca^{2+}$ concentration ($[Ca^{2+}]_i$) began to increase at 12 h p.i. in HCMV-infected SK-N-SH cells, while $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ increase in HCMV-infected HEL cells was observed as early as 3 h p.i. On the whole, the level of the increase in $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ in SK-N-SH cells was about 30% of that in HEL cells. On the other hand, in A172 cells infected with HCMV, neither production of infectious virus nor detectable increase in $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ was observed. Treatment with TPA of HCMV-infected SK-N-SH cells resulted in $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ increase at 6 h p.i. The stimulatory effect of TPA on HCMV- induced $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ increase continued until 12 h p.i., but TPA failed to stimulate the $Ca^{2+}$ response in SK-N-SH cells at 24 h p.i., suggesting that the effect of TPA had disappeared in SK-N-SH cells at that time point. In conclusion, SK-N-SH cells are permissive for HCMV replication and the delay in $Ca^{2+}$ response may be a consequence of the lower responsiveness of SK-N-SH cells than HEL cells to HCMV infection.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.31-37
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• 2024

Orbital floor fractures are commonly encountered, but the dislocation of the eyeball into the maxillary sinus is relatively rare. When it does occur, globe dislocation can have serious consequences, including vision loss, enucleation, and orbito-ocular deformity. Immediate surgical intervention is typically attempted when possible. However, severe comorbidities and poor general health can delay necessary surgery. In this report, we present the surgical outcomes of a 70-year-old woman who received delayed treatment for traumatic eyeball dislocation into the maxillary sinus due to a subarachnoid hemorrhage and hemopneumothorax. Additionally, we propose a treatment algorithm based on our clinical experience and a review of the literature.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.102-107
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• 2020

We report the case of an infant with a 4q35.1 deletion with 10p duplication. This mutation is rarely reported in the literature and has been found to have variable clinical findings, often including developmental delay. In this case, the condition was detected by chromosomal microarray analysis after initial manifestation of a feeding problem and developmental delay. Minor dysmorphic features with abnormal neurological examination led to further evaluation. The father's chromosome complement was 46, XY, t(4;10)(q35;p12.2). Parental balanced translocation can go unrecognized, because affected individuals are often phenotypically healthy until they have fertility issues such as recurrent miscarriages or children with severe congenital disorders. Genetic diagnoses help to establish a clear family genetic background that permits the development of clear treatment strategies. Prenatal counseling can also help to understand the possible risks associated with pregnancy or future child planning.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.210-216
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• 2017

Objectives: One way to prevent deaths due to rabies is the timely utilization of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). Therefore, in addition to an understanding of the epidemiological distribution of animal bites, it is necessary to explore the factors leading to delays in PEP initiation. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Iran in 2011, and included 7097 cases of animal bites recorded at the Rabies Treatment Center of the Shiraz University of Medical Sciences using the census method. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with delays in PEP. Results: Among the patients studied, 5387 (75.9%) were males. The prevalence of animal bites in Fars province was 154.4 per 100 000 people. Dogs were the most frequent source of exposure (67.1%), and the most common bitten part of the body was the hands (45.5%). A delay in the initiation of PEP was found among 6.8% of the studied subjects. This delay was more likely in housewives (odds ratio [OR], 4.66; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.12 to 10.23) and less likely in people with deep wounds (OR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.43 to 0.97). Conclusions: Although all animal bite victims received complete PEP, in some cases, there were delays. Further, the type of animal involved, the depth of the bite, and the patient's occupation were the major factors associated with a delay in the initiation of PEP for rabies prevention.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.24
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• pp.10867-10869
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• 2015

Background: There are various patient and professional factors responsible for the delay in start of treatment (SOT) for head and neck cancers (HNC). Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted on data for HNC patients registered at the hospital cancer registry in North-East India. All cases diagnosed during the period of January 2010 to December 2012 were considered for the present analysis. Educational levels of all patients were clustered into 3 groups; illiterates (unable to read or write), qualified (school or high school level education), and highly qualified (college and above). Results: In the present analysis 1066 (34.6%) patients were illiterates, 1,869 (60.6%) patients were literates and 145 (4.7%) of all patients with HNC were highly qualified. The stage at diagnosis were stage I, seen in 62 (34.6%), stage II in 393 (12.8%), stage III in 1,371 (44.5%) and stage IV in 1,254 (40.7%). The median time (MT) to the SOT from date of attending cancer hospital (DOACH) was, in illiterate group MT was 18 days, whereas in the qualified group of patients it was 15 days and in the highly qualified group was 10 days. Analysis of variance showed there was a significant difference on the mean time for the delay in SOT from DOACH for different educational levels (F=9.923, p=0.000). Conclusions: Educational level is a patient related factor in the delays for the SOT in HNCs in our population.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Inherited Metabolic disease
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.104-110
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• 2013

Purpose: Phenylketonuria (PKU) is the first inherited metabolic disease of which treatment is known. We performed this study to find out clinical symptoms and prognosis of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) responsive PKU patients and genetic relation. Methods: Clinical, biochemical, genetic analysis were done retrospectively in 23 patients diagnosed BH4 responsive PKU in Soonchunhyang University Hospital from March 2000 to September 2012. Results: Patients were classified to mild hyperphenylalaninemia and mild phenylketonuria with initial plasma phenylalanine level below 20 mg/dL. After BH4 loading, blood phenylalanine decrease level ranged between 37% and 99%. Initial treatment with low phenylalanine formula or BH4 was started before 2 month after birth except 2 patients. And one of them resulted in developmental delay in language and social activity. The others showed satisfactory progress without developmental delay. In genetic analysis, of 46 allele, R241C allele mutation was identified most commonly (41%). R241C/A259T, R241C/R243Q, R241C/V388M, R241C/T278I was detected in 5 (21.7%), 3 (13%), 2 (8%), 2 (8%) patients, respectively. Conclusion: R241C mutation was detected most frequently in this study group and R243Q mutation which is known to be prevalent in Korean PKU patients was found in 4 patients (8.6%). Early diagnosis and treatment is important in PKU patients.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.24-36
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• 2004

This study is to investigate the present condition of waste disposal establishment and to analysis problems which could be produced at location selection formalities of waste disposal establishment. It proposed building methods of waste disposal establishment to lead spontaneous participation of local resident according to case analysis of waste disposal establishment. There are research results; i) Opposition of inhabitants was the majority of reason at the business abandonment or delay of waste disposal establishment. Therefore agreement formation course with local inhabitants is most important position. ii) Many estimate have been needed for waste disposal establishment, but support estimate of government was 30-50% that is really low compare with other environmental establishment. So that it need to increase of government estimate. iii) Location collection is carried out based on law and final collected location must be executed without delay of relation business as soon as possible. iv) Standard of location collection has to divide into small, middle and large size and to apply with same rule according to divided location. v) It must be change public subscription before and location selection after and maintain continuance of information offer to local inhabitants and offered information. vi) after building of waste disposal establishment for solving distrust of waste disposal establishment. It must be planed and carried on useful support countermeasure to local inhabitants in actuality.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.145-152
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• 2015

Barriers to health seeking constitute a challenging issue in the treatment of breast cancer. The current meta-synthesis aimed to explore common barriers to health seeking among Malaysian breast cancer patients. From the systematic search, nine studies were found meeting the inclusion criteria. Data extraction revealed that health behavior towards breast cancer among Malaysia women was influenced by knowledge, psychological, sociocultural and medical system factors. In terms of knowledge, most of the Malaysian patients were observed to have cursory information and the reliance on the information provided by media was limiting. Among psychological factors, stress and sense of denial were some of the common factors leading to delay in treatment seeking. Family member's advice, cultural beliefs towards traditional care were some of the common sociocultural factors hindering immediate access to advanced medical diagnosis and care. Lastly, the delay in referral was one of the most common health system-related problems highlighted in most of the studies. In conclusion, there is an immediate need to improve the knowledge and understanding of Malaysian women towards breast cancer. Mass media should liaise with the cancer specialists to disseminate accurate and up-to-date information for the readers and audience, helping in modification of cultural beliefs that hinder timing health seeking. However, such intervention will not improve or rectify the health system related barriers to treatment seeking. Therefore, there is an immediate need for resource adjustment and training programs among health professional to improve their competency and professionalism required to develop an efficient health system.