• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
• /
• v.9 no.3
• /
• pp.861-866
• /
• 2023

Unlike conventional smart farms that require chemical fertilizers and large spaces, aquaponics farming, which utilizes the symbiotic relationship between aquatic organisms and crops to grow crops even in abnormal environments such as environmental pollution and climate change, is being actively researched. Different crops require different environments and nutrients for growth, so it is necessary to configure the ratio of aquatic organisms optimized for crop growth. This study proposes a method to measure the degree of growth based on area and volume using image processing techniques in an aquaponics environment. Tilapia, carp, catfish, and lettuce crops, which are aquatic organisms that produce organic matter through excrement, were tested in an aquaponics environment. Through 2D and 3D image analysis of lettuce and real-time data analysis, the growth degree was evaluated using the area and volume information of lettuce. The results of the experiment proved that it is possible to manage cultivation by utilizing the area and volume information of lettuce. It is expected that it will be possible to provide production prediction services to farmers by utilizing aquatic life and growth information. It will also be a starting point for solving problems in the changing agricultural environment.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.185-189
• /
• 2012

We report plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy of $In_XGa_{1-X}N$ films on c-plane sapphire substrates. Prior to the growth of $In_XGa_{1-X}N$ films, GaN film was grown on the nitride c-plane sapphire substrate by two-dimensional (2D) growth mode. For the growth of GaN, Ga flux of $3.7{\times}10^{-8}$ torr as a beam equivalent pressure (BEP) and a plasma power of 150 W with a nitrogen flow rate of 0.76 sccm were fixed. The growth of 2D GaN growth was confirmed by $in-situ$ reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) by observing a streaky RHEED pattern with a strong specular spot. InN films showed lower growth rates even with the same growth conditions (same growth temperature, same plasma condition, and same BEP value of III element) than those of GaN films. It was observed that the growth rate of GaN is 1.7 times higher than that of InN, which is probably caused by the higher vapor pressure of In. For the growth of $In_xGa_{1-x}N$ films with different In compositions, total III-element flux (Ga plus In BEPs) was set to $3.7{\times}10^{-8}$ torr, which was the BEP value for the 2D growth of GaN. The In compositions of the $In_xGa_{1-x}N$ films were determined to be 28, 41, 45, and 53% based on the peak position of (0002) reflection in x-ray ${\theta}-2{\theta}$ measurements. The growth of $In_xGa_{1-x}N$ films did not show a streaky RHEED pattern but showed spotty patterns with weak streaky lines. This means that the net sticking coefficients of In and Ga, considered based on the growth rates of GaN and InN, are not the only factor governing the growth mode; another factor such as migration velocity should be considered. The sample with an In composition of 41% showed the lowest full width at half maximum value of 0.20 degree from the x-ray (0002) omega rocking curve measurements and the lowest root mean square roughness value of 0.71 nm.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.81-91
• /
• 1968

To investigate the effects of foliage clipping time, degree, and nitrogen top-dressing after clipping on the growth and the agronomic characteristics, rice plants grown under ordinary cultural practices were clipped at the maximum tiller stage, 10 days prior to, and after that stage, respectively, with varying clipping, height, as 0, 1/3, 1/2, and 2/3 of plant height. And nitrogen was top-dressed at the rate of 0, 2, 4, 6 kg per 10 are immediately after clipping. The variety used was ＂Jinheung＂. The results obtained are outlined as follows: 1. Effect of clipping on the growth of rice plant: The subsequent growth was quite rapid during 10 days after clipping, and resulted, on the whole, in nearly complete recovery of defoliation by 20 days after clipping. a) Generally, the later the clipping time, the more growth accelerated. Rice plants clipped before the differentiation of ear primordia nearly recovered the damage, and in certain cases exceeded non-clipped plants in height. But the height of the rice plant clipped after the differentiation of ear primordia was somewhat smaller than that of non-clipped. b) Growth rate was rather rapid in the case of severe cutting, and the height of slightly clipped plants was taller than that of non-clipped plants. However, rice plants clipped to the extent of 2/3 of plant height did not fully recover the damage of defoliation compared to non-clipped plants. c) Nitrogen dressing was effective to rapid recovery of defoliation, the effect increasing with the increasing amount of application. d) Ear-heading was delayed in clipped plots, and this tendency was more apparent with later clipping time, more severe clipping, and increased amounts of nitrogen application after cutting. The range was 6 days at maximum. 2. Effect of defoliation on the yield and its components of rice plants: The yield response to clipping varied somewhat with its time, degree, and nitrogen application after cutting: yield increase of about 10% and decreasement of about 25% at maximum compared to the control plot. Grain yield of most plots was decreased. a) Clipping before the differentiation of ear primordia did not much affect the agronomic characteristics of rice plants. However, clipping after that growth stage decreased culm length, number of panicles, number of spikelets per panicle, and maturing rate of grain to some extent. Consequently this treatment resulted in decrease of about 10% in grain and straw production in spite of increase in panicle length and effective tillering rate. b) Slight, clipping decreased number of spikelets per panicle a little, and the yield of grain and straw by 4-5%, although effective tillering rate was somewhat increased. With severe clipping, panicle kngth, number of panicles, and number of spikelets per panicle decreased more, and the yield of grain and straw decreased about 10%. c) Nitrogen dressing after clipping at the rate of 2 kg per 10 are was effective in increasing grain yield. Nitrogen application over the rate of 4 kg per 10 are increased culm length, number of spikelets per panicle, and straw production, but this decreased the maturing rate, and the 1, 000-grains weight to some extent and resulted in decrease of grain yield.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
• /
• v.31 no.5
• /
• pp.523-530
• /
• 2013

This study investigated the influence of seasonal incidence and defoliation degree caused by Marssonina blotch (Diplocarpon mali Harada et Sawamura) on shoot growth and fruit quality of 'Fuji'/M.9 apple tree. The occurrence of marssonina blotch in Gunwi region was observed from the mid of July 2009, and percentage of defoliation was about 10% in the end of October. In 2010, that started in the early of June. By the end of September, percentage of defoliation was 20% and it reached 50% in late October. Secondary growth of terminal shoot in 2010 was three times as much as that in 2009. In 2009, the soluble solid contents and the red color (hunter a value) during fruit maturation increased to $13.8^{\circ}Brix$ and 16.2, respectively. In 2010, the soluble solid content during fruit maturation remained in the $12.1-12.6^{\circ}Brix$ range after early October, and the red color began to increase after the end of September when the percentage of defoliation was 20%. As for fruit quality by defoliation degree, the red color decreased when defoliation percentage of bourse shoot at the end of October was more than 30%. Fruit weight and soluble solids also decreased when defoliation percentage was more than 50%. Fruit length and diameter of over 30% defoliation treatments begun to decrease after the middle of August, compared with those of under 30% defoliation treatment. Photosynthetic rate of the leaves that was located at the secondary growth of bourse shoot was similar to that of leaves which was located at the middle of bourse shoot. However, the size and the soluble solid content of fruit were not affected by photosynthesis activities of bourse shoot leaves which was develop in the secondary shoot growth.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
• /
• v.31 no.3
• /
• pp.271-278
• /
• 2011

The allelopathic effects of Lantana camara L. (Family:Verbenaceae) on germination and seedling establishment of some agricultural crops and weed species have been identified. Aqueous extracts of dry leaves and contaminated soil where L. camara is grown were used to verify allelopathic effect on seed germination of five bioassay species; Raphanus sativas, Capsicum annum, Lycopersicum esculantem, Crotalaria juncia and Chromoleana odorata. Fifty seeds from each bioassay species were placed in a petri dish containing leaf extracts or contaminated soil, and seed germination were examined after 3 days. The plant house experiments were carried out to evaluate the impact of L. camara contaminated soil and leaf debris using L. esculantem as the indicator plant. Seed germination of L. esculentem, C. junica and Capsicum annum was significantly inhibited by L. camara contaminated soil. However, the degree of inhibition varied among the bioassay species. The aqueous extract of dry leaves of L. camara was highly phytotoxic and it significantly reduced seed germination of all bioassay species. There was a decline in plant height, leaf area and shoot dry weight of tomato only in early growth stages when grown in L. camara contaminated soils. However, incorporation of leaf debris into soil affected the vegetative growth of tomato in early stages when the leaf debris concentration was increased. Growth recovered at the latter part of the life cycle. On the basis of these results it can be concluded that the allelochemicals in L. camara contaminated soils are harmful to the seed germination of crop species. The adverse effect was present only during the early growth stages and it did not suppress the latter part of the plant growth. These responses are attributed to allelopathic effects which need confirmation under field conditions.

• Journal of Plant Biology
• /
• v.5 no.4
• /
• pp.1-5
• /
• 1962

CHA, Jong Whan (Dept. of Biology, College of Education, Seoul National University). Effect of gibberallin on the growth and internal componsents of Astragalus sinicus L. Kor. Jour. Bot. V(4) : 1-5, 1962. The effect of GA on the growth as well as on the internal components of the leaves of Astragalus sinicus L. under the soil culture was investigated. The result has indicated that small variation in the relative concentration of GA treated on the leaves shows a marked influence on the internal components of the plants. The increase of growth was associated with increasing intensity of GA. Chlorophyll and carotene contents in the leaves were depressed with increasing concentration of GA. It was noticed that the growth was pomoted with the decrease of the contents of chlorophyll and carotene. In contrast the aacorbic acid in the leaves treated with GA decreased in proportion to the degree of the concentration of GA. Carotens content varied with chlorophyll, although the ratio of chlorophyll to carotene was not so high as the results obtained by Beck and Redman. Chlorophyll and ascorbic acid values with respect to growth differed greatly during the two experimental periods. The chlorophyll content was found highly significant in this experimental periods. The chlorophyll content was found highly significant in this experiment. As the concentration of GA was increased, it was noticed that there was a reduction of anthocyanin, sucrose, and reducing sugar contents. The anthocyanin content was not so high in this study as in the results obtained from the corn by Jacob Straus.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.17-22
• /
• 1973

A study on the wood quality from planted Pinus koraiensis Sieb. et Zucc. has been undertaken by the University Forest in order to gain results of the gross structural features of stem. For this study some groups of trees were felled and several characteristics such as the degree of stem, slenderness, eccentric growth, heartwood diameter, height of butt sweep and butt-swell were analyzed. The results of the study are as follows. 1) The relation between diameter of log and its height in sample trees are nearly parallel to each other. But their degrees of slenderness in logs cut from intermediate and codominant trees are some what gentle as compared with that of logs from dominant tree. 2) The eccentric growth at transverse section of sample trees is generally decreased with the increase of tree height on all sample trees. 3) On the eccentric growth at transverse section of tree, a rather distinct tendency was noticed that all of sample trees showed the direction of eccentric growth in $R_2$ side. 4) Heartwood diameter appeares to become larger as tree growth decrease under same diameter of logs and log diameter in which heartwood appeares is larger in rapid growth rate trees. 5) The maximum height of butt-sweep generally shows that the larger the breast height diameter of tree is, the smaller its height becomes. On the contrary it was noticed that the larger the breast height diameter of trees, the higher the maximum height of butt-swell became. The direction of butt-sweep and butt-swell were shown in $R_1$ side in all sample trees.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.43-50
• /
• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the influence of depression, optimism and posttraumatic growth on health-related quality of life in female breast cancer survivors received adjuvant chemotherapy. Methods: In total, 115 female breast cancer survivors participated in this descriptive correlational study. The participants answered self-report questionnaires. Data were collected from 1 June 2020 to 10 June 2020, and were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression with SPSS for Windows ver. 24.0. Results: The mean age of the breast cancer survivors was 45.83 years. The mean score for the degree of health-related quality of life was 81.85 out of 148 points. Participants' scores for health-related quality of life differed significantly based on economic status (F=5.36 p=.006) and hobbies (t=-3.37, p=.001). Health-related quality of life was negatively correlated with depression (r=-.73, p<.001), and positively correlated with optimism (r=.65, p<.001) and posttraumatic growth (r=.28, p=.002). Depression (𝛽=-.55, p<.001) was the most significant factor that affects health-related quality of life, followed by optimism (𝛽=.29, p<.001), and post-traumatic growth (𝛽=.12, p=.048), which together accounted for 62.2% (F=63.61, p<.001) of the variance. Conclusion: It is necessary to develop educational programs for breast cancer survivors to reduce depression, increase optimism and post-traumatic growth, and improve the health-related quality of life. By adapting these programs, positiveness may increase and this may lead to improvement of health-related quality of life for breast cancer survivors.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
• /
• v.29 no.6
• /
• pp.644-647
• /
• 1996

The distribution of coercivity in the thickness direction were investigated by using Kerr hysteresis loop tracer for the Co-Cr films deposited by Facing Targets Sputtering apparatus. It was found that the difference between the coercivities of surface layer and initial growth layer H$_c$$\bot$(S)-H$_c$$\bot$(I) correlated strongly with $\Delta$H$_o$, shich represents the degree of distribution of coercivity. Furthermore, the Cr content was varied in order to improve the coercivity of imitial growth layer H$_c$$\bot$(I) and distribution of coercivity. H$_c$$\bot$(I) took a maximum value of 750 Oe and the distribution of coercivity became sharper at the Cr content of 25at. %.

• Journal of Microbiology
• /
• v.42 no.4
• /
• pp.336-339
• /
• 2004

The antibacterial actions of two amino acid oxidases, a D-amino acid oxidase from hog kidney and a L-amino acid oxidase from the venom of Agkistrodon halys, were investigated, demonstrating that both enzymes were able to inhibit the growth of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and that hydrogen peroxide, a product of their enzymatic reactions, was the antibacterial factor. However, hydrogen peroxide generated in the enzymatic reactions was not sufficient to explain the degree to which bacterial growth was inhibited. A fluorescence labeling assay showed that both of these two enzymes could bind to the surfaces of bacteria. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report regarding the antibacterial activity of the D-amino acid oxidases.