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Influence of Seasonal incidence and Defoliation Degree of Marssonina Blotch on Fruit Quality and Shoot Growth of 'Fuji'/M.9 Apple Tree

갈색무늬병의 시기별 이병 및 낙엽 정도가 '후지'/M.9 사과나무의 과실품질 및 신초생장에 미치는 영향

  • Park, Moo-Yong (Apple Research Station, National Institute of Horticulture & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Sagong, Dong-Hoon (Apple Research Station, National Institute of Horticulture & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Kweon, Hun-Joong (Apple Research Station, National Institute of Horticulture & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Do, Yun-Su (Apple Research Station, National Institute of Horticulture & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Song, Yang-Yik (Apple Research Station, National Institute of Horticulture & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Lee, Dong-Hyuk (Technology Cooperation Bureau, Rural Development Administration)
  • 박무용 (농촌진흥청 국립원예특작과학원 사과시험장) ;
  • 사공동훈 (농촌진흥청 국립원예특작과학원 사과시험장) ;
  • 권헌중 (농촌진흥청 국립원예특작과학원 사과시험장) ;
  • 도윤수 (농촌진흥청 국립원예특작과학원 사과시험장) ;
  • 송양익 (농촌진흥청 국립원예특작과학원 사과시험장) ;
  • 이동혁 (농촌진흥청 기술협력국)
  • Received : 2012.06.04
  • Accepted : 2013.04.09
  • Published : 2013.09.30

Abstract

This study investigated the influence of seasonal incidence and defoliation degree caused by Marssonina blotch (Diplocarpon mali Harada et Sawamura) on shoot growth and fruit quality of 'Fuji'/M.9 apple tree. The occurrence of marssonina blotch in Gunwi region was observed from the mid of July 2009, and percentage of defoliation was about 10% in the end of October. In 2010, that started in the early of June. By the end of September, percentage of defoliation was 20% and it reached 50% in late October. Secondary growth of terminal shoot in 2010 was three times as much as that in 2009. In 2009, the soluble solid contents and the red color (hunter a value) during fruit maturation increased to $13.8^{\circ}Brix$ and 16.2, respectively. In 2010, the soluble solid content during fruit maturation remained in the $12.1-12.6^{\circ}Brix$ range after early October, and the red color began to increase after the end of September when the percentage of defoliation was 20%. As for fruit quality by defoliation degree, the red color decreased when defoliation percentage of bourse shoot at the end of October was more than 30%. Fruit weight and soluble solids also decreased when defoliation percentage was more than 50%. Fruit length and diameter of over 30% defoliation treatments begun to decrease after the middle of August, compared with those of under 30% defoliation treatment. Photosynthetic rate of the leaves that was located at the secondary growth of bourse shoot was similar to that of leaves which was located at the middle of bourse shoot. However, the size and the soluble solid content of fruit were not affected by photosynthesis activities of bourse shoot leaves which was develop in the secondary shoot growth.

본 조사연구는 갈색무늬병(Diplocarpon mali Harada et Sawamura)의 시기별 이병 및 낙엽 정도가 '후지'/M.9 사과나무의 신초생장과 과실품질에 미치는 영향을 조사하고자 실시하였다. 2009년 군위지역에서의 갈색무늬병 발생은 7월 중에 시작되었고, 10월 말에 10% 정도 낙엽이 되었다. 2010년에는 갈색무늬병 발생은 6월 초에 시작하였다. 낙엽률은 9월 말에 20%이었고, 10월 말에 50%에 도달하였다. 2010년 정단신초의 이차생장량은 2009년보다 약 3배 더 높았다. 2009년 과실 성숙기 동안의 가용성 고형물 함량과 착색 정도(Hunter a value)는 각각 $13.8^{\circ}Brix$, 16.2까지 올라갔다. 2010년 과실 성숙기 동안의 가용성 고형물 함량은 10월초 이후로 $12.1-12.6^{\circ}Brix$ 범위에 머물렀고, 착색은 낙엽이 20%된 9월 말 이후에 높아지기 시작하였다. 낙엽 정도에 따른 과실품질에 있어, 10월 말 과대지의 낙엽율이 30% 이상이 되면 착색도가 감소되었고, 낙엽율이 50% 이상이 되면 과중과 가용성 고형물 함량이 감소되었다. 10월 말 30% 이상 낙엽구의 과실 종경과 횡경은 30% 미만 낙엽구과 비교해 볼 때, 8월 중순부터 감소되기 시작하였다. 2010년 8월말 과대지에서 이차생장한 부위 잎의 광합성 속도는 기존의 과대지 중간 부위의 잎과 비슷하였다. 그러나 과실의 크기와 가용성 고형물 함량은 과대지의 이차생장한 부위 잎의 광합성 활동에 영향을 받지 않았다.

Keywords

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