• 한국건축시공학회지
• /
• 제13권6호
• /
• pp.522-529
• /
• 2013

As concrete forms, panel forms made of plywood used to be widely used, but recently a system form made of aluminum has been broadly adopted because of the advantages it offers in terms of constructability and economy. However, an aluminum form reacts with concrete, which is alkali, and creates hydrogen gas. As a result, air pockets occur on the concrete's surface, and its finishability deteriorates. Therefore, this research analyzed the relationship between the distribution of voids and surface roughness and the damage degree and number of uses of the aluminum form. The analysis of the distribution of voids shows that the number of voids of 0.1~1 mm, which are considered to have occurred because of chemical reaction, was 200~500 on the coating plywood, but was 1 500~2 000 on the aluminum form after 3 uses, and impossible to count after a higher number of uses. Surface roughness was $1.7{\sim}3.2{\mu}m$ on the coating plywood form, but was about $2.6{\mu}m$ after the first use and about $6.8{\mu}m$ after 10 uses, a 2.6-fold increase. Distribution of voids did not show a particular tendency depending upon the degree of damage to the concrete form, but surface roughness showed an increasing tendency as the degree of damage grows. Therefore, when using aluminum forms, surface maintenance should be carried out completely, such as prevention of damages to the form surface coating materials and spreading of separating materials on forms.

• 분석과학
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.159-165
• /
• 1999

수용액에서 1,12-diaza-3,4:9,10-dibenzo-5,8-dioxacyclopentadecane(NTOE)가 결합된 merrifield 수지와 1,12,15-triaza-3,4:9,10-dibenzo-5,8-dioxacycloheptadecane(NDOE)가 결합된 merrifield 수지를 이용한 전이금속이온들의 흡착 및 분리특성을 조사하였다. 전이금속이온들의 흡착정도(adsorption degree, E)와 분포비(distribution ratio, D)의 순위는 동일하게 Cu(II)$t_R$)이 흡착정도와 분포비에 의해서 영향을 받았으며, 이러한 흡착 및 분리 실험 결과로부터 혼합금속용액에서 Ag(I)의 분리가능성을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 분석과학
• /
• 제11권4호
• /
• pp.248-253
• /
• 1998

수용액에서 poly-dibenzo-18-crown-6를 이용한 알칼리, 알칼리토금속이온 및 전이금속이온들의 흡착 및 분리특성을 조사하였다. 알칼리금속이온들과 알칼리토금속이온들의 흡착정도와 분포비의 순위는 각각 Li(I)

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.36-40
• /
• 2013

The paper discusses the problem of how to allocate the fund to a large number of individuals in a higher school so as to bring a higher utility return based on the theory of uncertain set. Suppose that experts can assign each invested individual a corresponding nondecreasing membership function on a close interval I according to its actual level and developmental foreground. The membership degree at the fund $x{\in}I$ is called utility degree from fund x, and product (minimum) of utility degrees of distributed funds for all invested individuals is called united utility degree from the fund. Based on the above concepts, we present an uncertain optimization model, called Maximal United Utility Degree (or Maximal Membership Degree) model for fund distribution. Furthermore, we use nondecreasing polygonal functions defined on close intervals to structure a mathematical maximal united utility degree model. Finally, we design a genetic algorithm to solve these models.

• 대한가정학회지
• /
• 제36권9호
• /
• pp.75-91
• /
• 1998

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the multi-level marketing(MLM) on consumer by examing the degree of damage and the consumers's satisfaction with MLM as well as the overall realities of MLM including the degree of the recognition and the distribution route of the commodities. We analyzed 256 cases which had experienced with MLM among 430 questionnaires collected. The resulted are as follows. 1) Consumers showed a lack of knowledge about MLM regardless of experiencing it. And they were recognized positively with the quality and the availability of the commodities. Expendables such as kitchen utensils and cosmetics were the most favored articles. 2) Transactions with no written contract were the most frequent damage to the consumers, followed by no price-tag and the marketer's refusal of exchange or refund. 3) When we compared the degree of consumer's satisfaction with MLM to the ordinary distribution in terms of the price, quality of goods and the service offered, the consumers were satisfied with the quality of the commodities, though their whole impressin of MLM was not so much favorable.

• 대한산업공학회지
• /
• 제41권1호
• /
• pp.10-16
• /
• 2015

In this study, we suggest a method to predict probability distribution of a new customer's degree of loyalty using C-CRF that reflects the RFM score and similarity to the neighbors of the customer. An RFM score prediction model is introduced to construct the first feature function of C-CRF. Integrating demographical similarity, purchasing characteristic similarity and purchase history similarity, we make a unified similarity variable to configure the second feature function of C-CRF. Then parameters of each feature function are estimated and we train our C-CRF model by training data set and suggest a probabilistic distribution to estimate a new customer's degree of loyalty. An example is provided to illustrate our model.

• Ocean Systems Engineering
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.97-121
• /
• 2023

Through-the-thickness stress distribution in a tubular member has a profound effect on the fatigue behavior of tubular joints commonly found in steel offshore structures. This stress distribution can be characterized by the degree of bending (DoB). Although multi-planar joints are an intrinsic feature of offshore tubular structures and the multi-planarity usually has a considerable effect on the DoB values at the brace-to-chord intersection, few investigations have been reported on the DoB in multi-planar joints due to the complexity of the problem and high cost involved. In the present research, data extracted from the stress analysis of 243 finite element (FE) models, verified based on available parametric equations, was used to study the effects of geometrical parameters on the DoB values in two-planar tubular DYT-joints. Parametric FE study was followed by a set of nonlinear regression analyses to develop six new DoB parametric equations for the fatigue analysis and design of axially loaded two-planar DYT-joints.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국소성가공학회 1995년도 제2회 단조심포지엄 단조기술의 진보
• /
• pp.100-123
• /
• 1995

The relationship between plastic deformation and crystal grain change in warm forging processes of SM100 carbon steel is studied. If the carbon steel is deformed in warm forging temperature (about recrystallization range), the crystal grain and cementite of the internal part are changed, so material properties are changed. Some experimental values, such as the elliptic degree of cementite, the grain size of cementitie and ferrite grain size, are investigated. When the plastic deformation proceeds, the elliptic degree of cementite becomes large, the grain size of cementite particle is small, and the size of ferrite grain appears fine by recrystallization. The elliptic degree of cementite has a considerable effect on formability. The distribution of effective strain in the forging is calculated by the rigid visco-plastic FEM analysis. The effective strain distribution obtained from the FEM simulation is compared with the experimental result. At effective strain 0.3 dynamic recovery and dynamic recrystallization begin, over 2.5 the organization of material has better quality that is suitable for the following cold forming.

• 설비공학논문집
• /
• 제18권4호
• /
• pp.328-334
• /
• 2006

Industrial electrostatic precipitators require a highly uniform velocity distribution in the collecting chamber. Increasing divergence angle of a diffuser makes a non-uniformity flow distribution characteristics on the diffuser exit. This paper provides CFD results of optimum positions and opening rates of perforated plates which were installed in the electrostatic precipitator. The considered divergence angels were 60 degree and 90 degree. In 90 degree diffuser, a blanking method was used.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
• /
• 제23권5호
• /
• pp.589-595
• /
• 2019

최근 친밀도와 신뢰도 같은 사용자들의 사회적 관계와 모바일 통신 네트워크를 동시에 고려한 모바일 소셜 네트워크가 차세대 이동통신 네트워크 모델로 큰 관심을 받고 있다. 본 논문에서는 사회적 관계 중 신뢰도 정보를 기반으로 하는 협력통신 네트워크를 고려한다. 완벽한 신뢰도 정보를 고려했던 기존 연구들과 다르게 송신단에서 불완전한 신뢰도 정보 기반 정보 처리율 최대화 협력 통신 기법을 제안한다. 본 논문에서는 먼저 불완전한 신뢰도 정보를 확률적인 분포로 모델링하고, 신뢰도의 확률 분포를 이용하여 아웃티지 확률을 유도한다. 마지막으로 송신단에서 아웃티지 확률과 정보 전송율을 동시에 고려한 정보 처리율을 최대화하는 전송 기법을 제안한다. 시뮬레이션 결과를 통해 정보 처리율 관점에서 기존 기법들과의 비교를 통해서 제안한 협력통신 기법의 우수성을 증명한다.