• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.15-20
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• 2011

본 연구는 과속방지턱의 설치규격 특성을 검토하기 위하여 동역학적 이론을 기반으로 분석을 수행하였다. 먼저 과속방지턱에 대한 현장조사를 통해 기하구조 자료를 수집하여 현행 설치기준과 비교 분석하였으며, 차량과 운전자를 일체화시킨 단자유도 모델링 방법을 이용하여 충격하중에 의한 변위응답 스펙트럼을 구하였다. 해석 결과 과속방지턱의 폭과 높이는 커질수록 운전자에게 미치는 심리적 부담감이 커지나 과도한 불편함을 초래하지 않도록 크기를 결정해야 하는 것으로 분석되었다. 또한 과속방지턱의 폭과 높이의 비율은 운전자가 느끼는 수직가속도의 크기를 지배하므로 폭과 높이의 조화도 고려하여 과속방지턱을 설치하여야 한다.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.29-39
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• 1989

본 논문에서는 우선 밸브 기구의 동적 특성을 보다 정교하게 묘사하기 위해서 4 자유도 집중 질량 모델을 세우고 시뮬레이션 결과와 실험 결과를 비교하여 실험을 더 잘 묘사할 수 있도록 모델을 개선하였다. 그리고 수립된 모델을 사용하여 밸브 변위, 속도, 가속도 특성 및 밸브 기구의 작동 오차를 정의하였다. 이 평균 자승 오차를 최소함으로써 중어진 캠 변위는 크게 변화시키지 않으면서 가속도 및 속도를 최소화한 캠을 설계하였다.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.281-295
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to demonstrate and verify the application of phase-control absolute-acceleration-feedback active tuned mass dampers (PCA-ATMD) to multiple-degree-of-freedom (MDOF) building structures. In addition, servo speed control technique has been developed as a replacement for force control in order to mitigate the negative effects caused by friction and inertia. The essence of the proposed PCA-ATMD is to achieve a 90° phase lag for a structure by implementing the desired control force so that the PCA-ATMD can receive the maximum power flow with which to effectively mitigate the structural vibration. An MDOF building structure with a PCA-ATMD and a real-time filter forming a complete system is modeled using a state-space representation and is presented in detail. The feedback measurement for the phase control algorithm of the MDOF structure is compact, with only the absolute acceleration of one structural floor and ATMD's velocity relative to the structure required. A discrete-time direct output-feedback optimization method is introduced to the PCA-ATMD to ensure that the control system is optimized and stable. Numerical simulation and shaking table experiments are conducted on a three-story steel shear building structure to verify the performance of the PCA-ATMD. The results indicate that the absolute acceleration of the structure is well suppressed whether considering peak or root-mean-square responses. The experiment also demonstrates that the control of the PCA-ATMD can be decentralized, so that it is convenient to apply and maintain to real high-rise building structures.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.577-587
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• 2018

The quantitative assessment of the seismic collapse risk of a structure requires the usage of an optimal intensity measure (IM) which can adequately characterise the severity of the ground motion. Research suggests that the average spectral acceleration ($Sa_{avg}$) may be an efficient and sufficient alternate IM as compared to the more traditional first mode spectral acceleration, $Sa(T_1)$, particularly during seismic collapse risk estimation. This study primarily presents a comparative evaluation of the sufficiency of the average spectral acceleration with respect to ground motion duration, and secondarily assesses the impact of ground motion duration on collapse risk estimation. By assembling a suite of 100 historical ground motions, incremental dynamic analysis of 60 different inelastic single-degree-of-freedom (SDF) oscillators with varying periods and ductility capacities were analysed, and collapse risk estimates obtained. Linear regression models are used to comparatively quantify the sufficiency of $Sa_{avg}$ and $Sa(T_1)$ using four significant duration metrics. Results suggests that an improved sufficiency may exist for $Sa_{avg}$ when the period of the SDF system increases, particularly beyond 0.5, as compare to $Sa(T_1)$. In reference to the ground motion duration measures, results indicated that the sufficiency of $Sa_{avg}$ is more sensitive to significant duration definitions that consider almost the full wave train of an accelerogram ($SD_{a5-95}$ and $SD_{v5-95}$). In order to obtain a reduced variability of the collapse risk estimate, the 5-95% significant duration metric defined using the Arias integral ($SD_{a5-95}$) should be used for seismic collapse risk estimation in conjunction with $Sa_{avg}$.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.587-593
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• 2020

국내 연안의 카페리선박의 고박안전성은 화물의 중량과 적재된 위치에서 발생할 수 있는 선체가속도를 기반으로 한 작용 외력과 고박장치의 고박력 비교를 통해 평가하고 있다. 고박안전성 평가에 기본이 되는 국내 기준상의 선체가속도는 선박의 특성 및 항해조건의 반영이 없이 적용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 국내 연안 카페리선박의 선체가속도를 분석하고자 부산-제주를 통항하는 DWT 6,800톤급 선속 15.5 knots의 선박을 기준으로 선체의 4개 지점에서 총 12회의 가속도 계측을 수행하였고, 항해구역 인근 기상관측 부이의 데이터를 수집하였다. 한정된 계측 결과에 대한 이론적 비교 분석을 위하여 수치 시뮬레이션을 통하여 주파수 응답 해석을 통한 RAO를 해석하였고, RAO 결과를 바탕으로 4개 지점에 대한 가속도 해석을 수행하였다. 가속도 비교 결과 위치별 정도의 차이는 있으나 Y축 가속도의 경우 해석 1.81 m/s², 계측 1.47 m/s²로 해석 시뮬레이션 결과가 0.34 m/s² 높게 분석되었고, 고박안전성 평가기준 8.59m/s²와 비교해 볼 때 해석은 22 % 수준, 계측은 18 % 수준으로 분석되었다.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.59-65
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• 2006

In hard disk drives as the head to disk spacing continues to decrease to facilitate recording densities, slider disk interactions have become much more severe due to direct contact of head and disk surfaces in both start/stop and flying cases. The slider disk interaction in CSS (contact-start-stop) mode is an important source of particle generation and tribocharge build-up. The tribocharge build-up in the slider disk interface can cause ESD (electrostatic discharge) damage. In turn, ESD can cause severe melting damage to MR or GMR heads. The spindle speed of typical hard disk drives has increased in recent years from 5400 rpm to 15000 rpm and even higher speeds are anticipated in the near future. And the increasing disk velocity leads to increasing disk acceleration and this might affect the tribocharging phenomena of the slider/disk interface. We investigated the tribocurrent/voltage build-up generated in HDD, operating at increasing disk accelerations. In addition, we examined the effects with relative humidity conditions and rest time. We found that the tribocurrent/voltage was generated during pico-slider/disk interaction and its level was about $3\sim16pA$ and $0.1\sim0.3V$, respectively. Tribocurrent/voltage build-up was reduced with increasing disk acceleration. Higher humidity conditions $(75\sim80%)$ produced lower levels tribovoltage/current. Therefore, a higher tribocharge is expected at a lower disk acceleration and lower relative humidity condition. Rest time affected the charge build-up at the slider-disk interface. The degree of tribocharge build-up increased with increasing rest time.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.1315-1330
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• 2016

This study investigates ground motion parameters and their damage potential for building type structures. It focuses on low and mid-rise reinforced concrete buildings that are important portion of the existing building stock under seismic risk in many countries. Correlations of 19 parameters of 466 earthquake records with nonlinear displacement demands of 1056 Single Degree of Freedom (SDOF) systems are investigated. Properties of SDOF systems are established to represent RC building construction practice. The correlation of damage and ground motion characteristics is examined with respect to number of story and site classes. Equations for average nonlinear displacement demands of considered RC buildings are given for some of the ground motion parameters. Velocity related parameters are generally found to have better results than the acceleration, displacement and frequency related ones. Correlation of the parameters may be expected to decrease with increasing intensity of seismic event. Velocity Spectrum Intensity and Peak Ground Velocity have been found to have the highest correlation values for almost all site classes and number of story groups. Common parameter of Peak Ground Acceleration has lower correlation with damage when compared to them and some other parameters like Effective Design Acceleration and Characteristic Intensity.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.49-61
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• 2020

This paper proposes a novel high performance vibration control device, multiple tuned mass dampers-inerters (MTMDI), to suppress the oscillatory motions of structures. The MTMDI, similar to the MTMD, involves multiple tuned mass damper-inerter (TMDI) units. In order to reveal the basic performance of the MTMDI, it is installed on a single degree-of-freedom (SDOF) structure excited by the ground acceleration, and the dynamic magnification factors (DMF) of the structure-MTMDI system are formulated. The optimization criterion is determined as the minimization of maximum values of the relative displacement's DMF for the controlled structure. Based on the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm to tune the optimum parameters of the MTMDI, its performance has been investigated and evaluated in terms of control effectiveness, strokes, stiffness and damping coefficient, inerter element force, and robustness in frequency domain. Meanwhile, further comparison between the MTMDI with MTMD has been conducted. Numerical results clearly demonstrate the MTMDI outperforms the MTMD in control effectiveness and strokes of mass blocks. Additionally, in the aspects of frequency perturbations on both earthquake excitations and structures, the robustness of the MTMDI is also better than the MTMD.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제21권8호
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• pp.733-740
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• 2011

This paper deals with the process to identify the transient exciting force generated from a rotary compressor. The compressor was assumed to be a rigid body. The equation of motion of a rigid compressor supported by three mounts was derived with 6 degree-of-freedom. The exciting forces at the center of mass of the compressor were estimated from the acceleration data measured at compressor shell. Compressor-pipe system was modeled numerically. The accelerations of compressor and pipe were predicted numerically by using the estimated exciting force. A new shape of pipe model was proposed to reduce the vibration. In the prediction by the method in this paper, the maximum acceleration of the pipe could be reduced by 53.7 % at the steady-state and by 12 % at the transient process. In the real experiments, the maximum acceleration of the pipe was reduced by 54.2 % at steady-state and 14.7 % at the transient process. It was verified that the numerical results showed good agreement with experimental results.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.686-694
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• 2014

Research on ship motion and seasickness is recognized as the important research area to ensure the pleasant operative environment in addition to the research of operation safety of ship. In this paper, The motion performance in waves for the training ship Kaya of Pukyong National University is obtained by using the computer program based on Strip method. To guarantee the pleasant seafaring in ocean, the vertical acceleration of ship motion is calculated according to the hull form modification. The results of calculation by changes of hull form are compared with the guideline of MSI(Motion Sickness Incidence). The degree of motion sickness is shown and discussed through the comparison between calculated vertical acceleration spectrum and MSI guideline.