• Asian Oncology Nursing
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.145-154
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• 2003

Purpose: The study was to furnish basic raw materials that evaluate the efficacy of meatal care according to the form and the relative importance of symptom distress which most of cancer sufferers have been experienced. For that, an investigation of five diverse major cancer symptom distress made a comparison between symptom distress and degree of suffering. Method: Study subjects were 138 inpatients with stomach cancer, lung cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC), large intestine cancer and breast cancer, except those in the terminal-stage, in 'H' university hospital in Seoul and 'K' center in Ilsan gathered from November 20, 2002 to February 20, 2003. To measure the correlation between feeling of discomfort and agony caused by cancer, 5 point scale (from zero to four), stood on the basis of Symptom Distress Scale (SDS, Rodes & Watson, 1987), was used for this study and the Cronbach's coefficient alpha was 0.95. Accumulated data was analyzed with SPSS 10.0 for window, also used by ANOVA and Duncan's Multiple Range Test. Pearson's Correlation Analysis. Results: 1. Symptom distress of cancer patients was noted and defined in their severity-fatigue, anorexia, pain, depression, dyspepsia, changing appearance and nausea. The degree of symptom distress was fatigue, dyspepsia, depression, anorexia, pain, changing appearance and the degree of suffering was nausea, pain, anorexia, dyspepsia, vomiting, breathing difficulty, changing appearance and fatigue. 2. Examining the difference of degree of symptom distress in each cancer cases, it takes the precedence of them. First, in case of stomach cancer, depression, pain, vomiting and nausea were shown in sequence. In case of lung cancer depression, pain, sleeping problem, anxiety, changing appearance, inattentiveness and vomiting were showed in sequence, depression, changing appearance, sleeping problem, pain in case of HCC, depression, pain in case of large intestine cancer and lastly in case of breast cancer changing appearance, depression, pain and anxiety were shown in sequence. The category of the degree of symptom distress that has a signifiant difference was anorexia, activity discomfort, fatigue, constipation or diarrhea, breathing difficulty, dyspepsia, caughing, fever or chillness, scotoma and urinary disorder. Verifying the highest degree of symptom distress in each cancer cases, anorexia was 1.94(F=4.00, p<.01) in stomach cancer, activity discomfort was 0.97(F=3.08, p<.01) in lung cancer and HCC, fatigue was 2.32(F=4.64, p<.01) in HCC, constipation or diarrhea was 1.83(F=22.31, p<.001) in large intestine cancer, breathing difficulty was 1.83(F=4.00, p<.01) in lung cancer, dyspepsia was 2.69(F=9.98, p<.001) in stomach cancer, coughing was 1.53(F=20.49, p<.001) in lung cancer, fever or chillness was 1.23(F=6.88, p<.001) in lung cancer, scotoma was 1.20(F=3.02, p<.05) in lung cancer and urinary disorder was 1.54(F=11.56, p<.001) in HCC. 3. Examining the difference degree of suffering on cancer cases, the result was as follows; depression of lung cancer was 1.17(F=3.76, p<.01), anorexia of stomach cancer was 1.61(F=3.89, p<.01), constipation or diarrhea of large intestine cancer was 1.42(F=10.43, p<.001), changing appearance of breast cancer was 1.65(F=5.43, p<.001), breathing difficulty of lung cancer was 2.27(F=18.57, p<.001), dyspepsia of stomach cancer was 1.97(F=13.56, p<.001), coughing of lung cancer was 1.70(F=22.07, p<.001), fever or chillness of lung cancer was 1.13(F=4.41, p<.01), scotoma of lung cancer was 0.87(F=3.34, p<.05), anxiety of lung cancer was 0.87(F=4.50, p<.001) and urinary disorder of HCC was 1.43(F=16.71, p<.001). 4. In consequence, comparing between symptom distress and degree of suffering on cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy, lung cancer patients showed the highest feeling of discomfort following stomach cancer, HCC, breast cancer and large intestine cancer(F=2.88, p<.05). On those undergoing radiotherapy, lung cancer, HCC, breast cancer, large intestine cancer was in sequence(F=3.78, p<.05) and those resisting radiotherapy, lung cancer, HCC, stomach cancer, large intestine cancer and breast cancer was in sequence(F=2.72, p<.05). 5. Correlation between symptom distress and degree of suffering on cancer patients was generally significant. Conclusion: this study not only defines a significant correlation between symptom distress and degree of suffering but also proffers basic data to evaluate the efficient meatal care depending upon diverse spectrums of symptom distress and degree of suffering.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.294-301
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of laughter therapy on postpartum fatigue and stress respon-ses of postpartum women. Methods: The research design was a nonequivalent control group non-synchronized design. The participants were 67 postpartum women who agreed to participate in this study, selected by convenience sampling: (experiment group-33 and control group-34). The data were collected from August 5 to September 30, 2010. The experimental group received laughter therapy from a laughter therapy expert for 60 min, twice a week for 2 weeks, a total of 4 sessions. To evaluate the effects of laughter therapy, postpartum fatigue by self-report questionnaire and cortisol concentration in breast milk were measured. The data were analyzed using the SPSS WIN 13.0 Program. Results: The first hypothesis that "the degree of postpartum fatigue in the experimental group participating in laughter therapy would be lower than that of the control group" was accepted. These findings indicate that laughter therapy has a positive effect on decreasing postpartum fatigue. Conclusion: The finding provides evidence for use of complementary and alternative nursing in Sanhujori facilities and obstetric units to reduce postpartum women's fatigue.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.256-264
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• 2004

Purpose: This study was to identify the effects of self-administered hand reflexology on level of fatigue in college student nurses during clinical practice. Method: A non-equivalent control group, quasi-experimental research with pre and post-test design was used. Forty-seven student nurses in clinical practice were assigned to either an experimental or control group. The experimental group performed self-hand reflexology for 10 minutes once a day during the 5 days of clinical practice. Results: 1. While there was a significant difference in degree of fatigue and fatigue scores in the experimental group over time, there was no significant difference between the two groups. 2. Vigor score for the experimental group was significantly higher than those of the control group during the 5 days except for day 5, but there was no significant difference between the two groups. 3, Levels of fatigue for the experimental group increased after 1 hour in the 1st post time, but there was no significant difference between the groups. Conclusion: Self-administered hand reflexology was not found to be an effective method for relieving fatigue for student nurses in clinical practice. Also physiological effects were not identified in this study, and so further research is needed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.44-50
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• 2001

The rotated bending fatigue test was conducted in air md in 3.5% NaCl salt solution to investigate the fatigue fracture behaviour of raw material and F.E.M dual phase steel made from raw material(SS41) by a suitable heat treatment. This study has compared the initial microcrack creation of material by tensile test with that by fatigue test. And the rotated bending test of cantilever type under the condition of 3.5% NaCl salt solution and air has investigated the corrosion fatigue fracture behaviour with the variation of stress concentration factor determined by each of notch shapes. The initial microcrack have been developed in fragile grainboundary with general corrosion occurring in raw material : in the pits built up by corrosion in F.E.M. dual phase steel because pits bring out stress concentration. It is small that the degree of decrease in corrosion fatigue life for F.E.M. dual phase steel compared with raw material because the notch sensitivity of F.E.M. dual phase steel is lower than raw material in reason of characteristics with two-phase construction.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.3029-3033
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• 2014

Background: Dynamic changes of cancer-related fatigue (CRF) among hospitalized patients with colorectal cancer were determined. Materials and Methods: This longitudinal, descriptive study involved 96 hospitalized patients with colorectal cancer, all recruited from a tertiary general hospital in Guangzhou, China. Patients completed questionnaires three times to assess the degree of fatigue, and measurement points were within one week of admission, at 2 to 3 days after surgery and 3 weeks after surgery. Results: Significant differences among the three measurement points (p<0.01) were observed. The scores of fatigue in the second survey were the highest, followed by the third and first surveys. Colon cancer patient scores were higher than those of rectal cancer patients with a significant difference (p<0.05). Colorectal patients experienced different degrees of fatigue at different periods during hospitalization. Conclusions: This study highlights the importance of interventions that are carefully tailored to patients based on the characteristics at different periods to alleviate fatigue.

• Journal of Industrial Technology
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• v.19
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• pp.313-320
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• 1999

Steel railway bridge gets vibration from moving load ; additionally, this kind of moving load is going to be a sufficient reason, which causes fatigue damage to steel railway bridge. Fatigue damage and stress curve were raised by moving load depends on span length in steel railway bridge. In other words, stress curve appears index regarding every axial load in short span, but self weight lets stress curve's change decrease in proportion to increasing span length. Thereby, we have studied that how the steel railway bridge appear fatigue damage in proportion to span length of steel railway bridge. Dynamic strain was measured in 4 steel plate-girder railway bridge during the trains was passing, which is located on the line of Kyoung-chun railway. And time history response analysis has been done in order to ensure actual survey. The results of this study show the decreased of the fatigue damage in steel railway bridge according to length of span. This paper ends is bases research of fatigue design in steel railway bridges according to span length.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.105-114
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• 2002

This study was to investigate the level of fatigue and its associated variables in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE) in Korea. From March to June, 2001, 100 patients, registered at one university hospital rheumatology clinic in Seoul, were accepted as subjects for this study. The sampling method was adopted a non-probability, purposive technique. The instruments used for this study were The Multidimensional Assessment Fatigue scale developed by Tack and Beck Depression Instrument develped by Beck. The collected data were analyzed by SAS program using t-test, ANOVA with Scheffe-test, Pearson correlation coefficients and stepwise multiple regression. The results were as follows: 1. Total scores of fatigue of the subjects averaged $24.46(\pm10.85)$, degree of fatigue was $5.08(\pm2.29)$, and influence of fatigue was $3.52(\pm2.12)$. 2. Regarding characteristics, more depressive(p=.0001) and more painfuI(p=.0122) patients revealed more fatigue. Also, the subjects with spouse(p=.0337) and having poor quality of sleep(p=.0445) revealed more fatigue. 3. The subjects' total fatigue score, depression, pain and age was correlated positively(r=.53; r=.48; r=.24), and total fatigue score, and exercise time, quality of sleep was correlated negatively(r=-.45; r=-.21). 4. The main influencing factors on the fatigue were depression$(52.92\%)$ and quality of sleep $(8.10\%)$. These two main variables made it possible to explain $61.02\%$ of the varience in fatigue. In conclusion, this study revealed depression and quality of sleep is an important factor that can improve quality of life in patients with SLE. It is recommended that nursing intervention for SLE patients would be focused to decrease depression and to enhance quality of sleep.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.80-88
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the fatigue of the mothers of the hospitalized children's mothers in descriptive study. Method: Two hundred eighty three mothers who take care of the hospitalized children in three University hospitals were enrolled from June, 1 to October, 30, 2003. Data were collected using a questionnaire titled 'Symptom Table on Fatigue Perception' designed by the Fatigue Research Committee of Japan, consisted of a total 30 items categorized into three sub-dimensions: the physical, the psychological and the neuro-sensory. SPSS was used for the analysis of data with 0.05 of significance. Result: 1) The mean average fatigue score of subjects was 1.94(SD:.48): the physical fatigue revealed the highest value with a mean of 2.19(SD:.57), followed by psychological fatigue with a mean score of 1.85(SD:.52), neuro-sensory fatigue with a mean of 1.79(SD:.51). 2) With the respect to the general characteristics of hospitalized children and mothers, there were statistically significant differences in the mothers' fatigue perception by the child sex(t=-2.697, p=.008), the character of child(F=9.032, p=.000), the child condition compared to pre-hospitalization(F=3.523, p=.031), with or without support in domestic households(t=-1.981, p=.049), the amount of sleeping time(t=2.704, p=.007), and with or without of night-time sleep disturbance because of the child hospitalization(t=2.082, p=.038). Conclusion: These results suggest that health care professional need to be aware of the persistent presence of the maternal fatigue related to the child hospitalization and the factors worsen the degree of the fatigue.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.975-982
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• 1996

This study was conducted to examine the fatigue phenomenon of mechanical properites in denim fabrics for slacks during repeated shear and tensile deformation by analysing the change in the basic dynamic properties of fabrics on the basic of experiments to obtain the basic data necessary to measure their fatigue. In addition, this study was carried out by allowing these denim fabrics at market to go through the repeated deformation under such different loads as 500 gf/cm2 and 1000 gf/cm2 by using a simulated fatigue tester, by calculating both dynamic properties and hand value (HV) of these fabrics with KES-F system and then by obtaining the THV through these calculated properties. The results are as follows: 1 The fatigue phenomenon of dynamic properties was remarkably shown by the repeated shear and tensile deformation, while the increase of hysterical plastic substances was also remarkable in these shearing and bending properties. 2. The elasticity values of tensile, bending and compression properties, such as, B and G were reduced: whereas RT and RC values increased. It was shown, then, that those fabrics lost their elasticity and became flexible and soft with the increase of fatigue. 3. The fatigue phenomenon of hand value also showed that those fabrics became soft in relation with the change of all dynamic properties, and that their performance was also change to flexible hand value. 4. TRhe degree of fatigue was also shown by the loads given to the repeated deformation. It was shown that the fatigue was higher for the tensile load of 1000 gf/cm3 than did the standard load of 500 gf/cm3 It is necessary, therefore, to consider the load in accordance with their usage when examining the fatigue phenomenon with respect to the dynamic properties of clothing materials. 5. The loads were nearly not influenced by the change in the general hand value tended to show a little of increase with the increase of fatigue, Based on those results, it seems that the fatigue phenomonon is related to the loads given to the repeated deformation.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.119-129
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• 2011

A researcher examined 158 medical technologists and 140 radiologists who are working at 9 general hospitals in Gyeongsangbuk-do area using structured questionnaire to find out degree of fatigue of health professionals, the primary factors that have effect on them, and actions to control their fatigue on December 1 through December 20, 2008. The average complaining rate of fatigue subjective symptom by syndromes was overall 17.24 points, and medical technologists scored 16.48 points while radiologists scored 18.09 points. There were significant difference in the average fatigue complaining score of both medical technologists and radiologists such as when the younger their age is, when they are single, when the lower their monthly salary is, when the shorter their total working period is, and when the current status is staff at work. As a result of multiple regression analysis which sets fatigue score as dependent variable, there were significant difference on both syndromes such as satisfaction on work, work stress, and sleeping condition. It was the highest on relaxation, which was 76.6%, among the 15 questions on actions to control fatigue, and the next was enough sleep and controlling stress. And the lowest was help from medical professionals, which was 7.3%. It was the highest on enough sleep, which was 1.98 points, and next was relaxation and controlling stress, and the lowest points were help from medical professionals and taking medicine in the effective score of fatigue control action. In consequence of research, it is necessary to develop program and health education to control health professionals' various fatigue such as stress management and sleeping, and it is considered to find out the plan about effective work system.