• Title/Summary/Keyword: Degree distribution

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A Brief Review of Some Challenging Issues in Textured Piezoceramics via Templated Grain Growth Method

  • Hye-Lim Yu;Nu-Ri Ko;Woo-Jin Choi;Temesgen Tadeyos Zate;Wook Jo
    • 센서학회지
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    • 제32권1호
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    • pp.10-15
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    • 2023
  • It is well known that polycrystalline ceramics fabricated via the templated grain growth method along a desired crystallographic direction, generally along [001], exhibits enhanced piezoelectric response. Generally, the piezoelectric properties of textured ceramics depend on the degree of texture, as piezoelectric properties peak in single crystals. Therefore, understanding the relationship between the degree of texture and piezoelectric properties is fundamental. Here, we present state-of-the-art textured piezoceramics by focusing on critical issues such as the quality of templates used for texturing and proper evaluation of the degree of texture analysis. The relationship between the degree of texture and its impact on the properties of textured materials is exclusively defined by the Lotgering factor (L.F.) calculated from the X-ray diffraction profiles. Additionally, we show that L.F. is not a suitable indicator of the degree of texture, contrary to previous interpretations. This statement was further supported by the fact that the true degree of texture can be better quantified by the multiples of random distribution. This argument was justified by comparing the quantitative values of the degree of texture obtained from both methods to those of the piezoelectric charge coefficient of textured and random ceramics.

The Optimal Degree of Reciprocity in Tariff Reduction

  • Chang, Pao-Li
    • East Asian Economic Review
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    • 제24권3호
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    • pp.237-252
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    • 2020
  • This paper characterizes the optimal reciprocal trade policy in the environment of Melitz (2003) with firm productivity heterogeneity. In particular, without making parametric assumptions on firm productivity distribution, this paper derives the optimal degree of reciprocal tariff reductions that maximize the world welfare. A reciprocal import subsidy raises the industry productivity, lowering aggregate price; a reciprocal import tariff helps correct the markup distortion, increasing nominal income. With all the conflicting effects of import tariffs on welfare considered, the optimal degree of reciprocity in multilateral tariff reduction is shown to be free trade.

임상도와 위성영상자료를 이용한 산림지역의 녹지자연도 추정기법 개발 (Development of a Methodology to Estimate the Degree of Green Naturality in Forest Area using Remote Sensor Data)

  • 이규성;윤정숙
    • 환경영향평가
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    • 제8권3호
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    • pp.77-90
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    • 1999
  • The degree of green naturality (DGN) has played a key role for maintaining the environmental quality from inappropriate developments, although the quality and effectiveness of the mapping of DGN has been under debate. In this study, spatial distribution of degree of green naturality was initially estimated from forest stand maps that were produced from the aerial photo interpretation and extensive field survey. Once the boundary of initial classes of DGN were defined, it were overlaid with normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data that were derived from the recently obtained Landsat Thematic Mapper data. NDVI was calculated for each pixel from the radiometrically corrected satellite image. There were no significant differences in mean values of vegetation index among the initial DGN classes. However, the satellite derived vegetation index was very effective to delineate the developed and damaged forest lands and to adjust the initial value of DGN according to the distribution of NDVI within each class.

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The Effect of Ambient Sadness on Hedonic Choice

  • Choi, Nak-Hwan;Oyunbileg, Tamir;Tsogtbayar, Naranzul
    • 유통과학연구
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    • 제13권3호
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    • pp.11-19
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    • 2015
  • Purpose - This study examines the strength of sadness and the belief it will last, as regards the effects of the degree of self-extension to the sad-evoking event on choice behavior related to self-control dilemmas. Research Design, Data, and Methodology - In an experiment involving high and low self-extension groups, 261 undergraduates answered self-administered questionnaires. The hypotheses were tested using AMOS 19.0 and path analysis. Results - The positive relationship between the degree of self-extension to the sad-evoking event and hedonic vs. utilitarian food choices was mediated by the belief that the sadness will last. There is a significant indirect path from the degree of self-extension (to the sad-evoking event) to the strength of the sadness, and to the belief that it will last with respect to hedonic vs. utilitarian food choices. Conclusions - These results show that beliefs about sad emotion transience depend on both the degree of self-extension to the sad-evoking event and the strength of sadness, and that the belief that sad emotions are transient makes sad people susceptible to temptation when facing self-control related dilemmas.

공공사업으로 인한 어업피해 범위와 피해정도 추정의 새로운 통계학적 접근 (A New Statistical Approach for the Estimation of Range and Degree of Fisheries Damages Caused by Public Undertaking)

  • 강용주;김기수;장창익;박청길;이종섭
    • 수산경영론집
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    • 제35권1호
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    • pp.117-132
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    • 2004
  • This study attempts to suggest a new approach of the estimation of range and degree of fisheries damages caused by a large scale of reclamation undertaken in coastal area using the central limit theorem(CLT) in statistics. The key result of the study is the introduction of the new concept of critical variation of environmental factor($d_{c}$). The study defines $d_{c}$ as a standard deviation of the sample mean($\bar{X}$) of environmental factor(X), in other words, $\frac{\sigma}{ \sqrt{n}}$. The inner bound of $d_{c}$ could be the area of fisheries damages caused by public coastal undertaking. The study also defines the decreasing rate of fisheries production$\delta_{\varepsilon}$, in other words, degree of fisheries damages, as the rate of change in the distribution of sample mean(($\bar{X}$), caused by the continuous and constant variation of environmental factor. Therefore $\delta_{\varepsilon}$ can be easily calculated by the use of table of the standardized normal distribution.

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대형 컨테이너선의 해치 코밍 FCA 맞대기 용접부의 횡 방향 잔류응력 예측에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Predicting Transverse Residual Stress at the ultra thick FCA butt weldment of hatch coaming in a Large Container Ship)

  • 신상범;이동주;박동환
    • 대한용접접합학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 대한용접접합학회 2009년 추계학술발표대회
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    • pp.102-102
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    • 2009
  • The purpose of this study is to establish the predictive equation of transversal residual stress at the thick weldment of large container ship. In order to do it, the variables used for this study were restraint degree, yield strength of base material, thickness of weldment and welding heat input. Here, the level of restraint degree at the thick weldment of container ship having the various welding sequence was calculated using FEA. From the result, the h-type specimen was designed to simulate the level of restraint degree at the actual weldment of containership. With H-type test specimen designed, the effect of the variables on the distribution of transversal residual stress at the weldment in a container ship was evaluated using the comprehensive FEA. Based on the results, the predictive equations of mean value and the distribution of transverse residual stress in each location of residual stress were established using dimensional analysis and multiple-regression method. The validation of predictive equations was verified by comparing with measured results by XRD in the actual weldment of the ship.

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Decoding of LT-Like Codes in the Absence of Degree-One Code Symbols

  • Abdulkhaleq, Nadhir I.;Gazi, Orhan
    • ETRI Journal
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    • 제38권5호
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    • pp.896-902
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    • 2016
  • Luby transform (LT) codes were the first practical rateless erasure codes proposed in the literature. The performances of these codes, which are iteratively decoded using belief propagation algorithms, depend on the degree distribution used to generate the coded symbols. The existence of degree-one coded symbols is essential for the starting and continuation of the decoding process. The absence of a degree-one coded symbol at any instant of an iterative decoding operation results in decoding failure. To alleviate this problem, we proposed a method used in the absence of a degree-one code symbol to overcome a stuck decoding operation and its continuation. The simulation results show that the proposed approach provides a better performance than a conventional LT code and memory-based robust soliton distributed LT code, as well as that of a Gaussian elimination assisted LT code, particularly for short data lengths.

발진주파수 및 전도도를 통한 오손도 자동측정 (Automatic Measurement of the Degree of Contamination with Electric Conductivity and Oscillating Frequency)

  • 최남호;구경완;이명섭;한상옥;정재기
    • 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국전기전자재료학회 2000년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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    • pp.153-156
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    • 2000
  • To reduce the maintenance expense, and the possibility of electric outage and accident, we should optimize the outdoor insulation system. And for the optimization, accurate measurement for the degree of contamination with climatic conditions, such as wind, rain, and drought, should be carried. However the classical measuring method, brush wiping, has some problems in the aspect of man power, reliability, and expense. In this paper, we propose two type apparatus, which could detect the degree of contamination on insulators in outdoor insulation system, such as transmission and distribution line insulator and bushing. One use the leakage current, and the other use the oscillating frequency to check the degree of contamination. To avoid the oxidation of electrode AC source, and the low degree of contamination was applied. From the result of this investigation we could get the good relationship between the degree of contamination and the leakage current and oscillating frequency

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ON SIZE-BIASED POISSON DISTRIBUTION AND ITS USE IN ZERO-TRUNCATED CASES

  • Mir, Khurshid Ahmad
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
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    • 제12권3호
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    • pp.153-160
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    • 2008
  • A size-biased Poisson distribution is defined. Its characterization by using a recurrence relation for first order negative moment of the distribution is obtained. Different estimation methods for the parameter of the model are also discussed. R-Software has been used for making a comparison among the three different estimation methods.

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The Ordering of Hitting Times of Multivariate Processes

  • Baek, Jong-Il
    • Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
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    • 제25권4호
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    • pp.545-556
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    • 1996
  • In this paper, we introduce a new concept of partial ordering which permits us to compare pairs of the dependence structures of a new hitting times for POD multivariate vector process of interest as to their degree of POD-ness. We show that POD ordering is closed under convolution, limit in distribution, compound distribution, mixture of a certain type and convex combination. Finally, we present several examples of POD ordering processes.

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