• 품질경영학회지
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.299-312
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• 2021

Purpose: We provide a condition-based maintenance policy where a surrogate variable is used for monitoring system performance. We constructed a risk function by taking into account the risk and losses accompanied with erroneous decisions. Methods: Assuming a unique degradation process for the performance variable and its specific relationship with the surrogate variable, the maintenance policy is determined. A risk function is developed on the basis of producer's and consumer's risks accompanied with each decision. With a strategic safety factor considered, the optimal threshold value for the surrogate variable is determined based on the risk function. Results: The condition-based maintenance is analyzed from the point of risk. With an assumed safety consideration, the optimal threshold value of the surrogate variable is provided for taking a maintenance action. The optimal solution cannot be obtained in a closed form. An illustrative numerical example and solution is provided with a source code of R program. Conclusion: The study can be applied to situation where a sensor signal is issued if the system performance begins to degrade gradually and reaches eventually its functional failure. The study can be extended to the case where two or more performance variables are connected to a same surrogate variable. Also estimation of the distribution parameters and risk coefficients should be further studied.

• Design & Manufacturing
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.61-67
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• 2019

The cooling unit of the industrial showcase consists of a compressor, a condenser and an evaporator. An axial fan is used to circulate the air to improve the efficiency of the heat exchanger. In the past, aluminum fans have been used, which have problems such as low performance, efficiency, high failure rate, and high noise. This study is to develop high performance, high efficiency plastic fan replacing aluminum fan. A major factor in determining the performance and noise of an axial fan is the angle and cross-sectional shape of the blade, which is suitable for raising the lift force, thereby controlling the vortex, which is the main cause of noise and performance degradation. In order to produce a high efficiency injection molded fan, it is necessary to develop a mold that minimizes the deformation of the injection process for the designed shape. In this study, we developed a high efficiency, low noise plastic injection fan with more than 11% performance improvement and noise reduction compared to conventional aluminum fan.

• 한국광학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.233-240
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• 2018

본 논문에서는 불꽃감지기용 테스트램프의 반사경 형상에 대해 제작 시 오차를 줄일 수 있는 설계 방법 연구를 진행하였다. 테스트램프는 높은 광량의 빛을 평행하게 진행시켜야 하지만, 제작 시 중앙 빛을 제어하는 소형 반사경의 고정이 어렵다는 단점으로 인해 광량 저하가 발생하여 목표 광량을 만족하지 못하는 경우가 많다. 이러한 문제점 해결을 위해 틸트 및 디센터 시에도 성능 저하 현상을 최소화하는 방향으로 광 손실률 5% 미만의 구 소형 반사경 설계를 진행하였고, 설계 분석 결과에 따라 광학계 제작 시에도 오차 영향이 적은 소형 반사경으로 구체 형상을 제시하였다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.56-62
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• 2019

To investigate the effect of Bombycis Corpus on male osteoporosis, we performed Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry(DEXA) and histochemical methods. The animals were used ICR-based male mice of 8 weeks and 50 weeks, respectively. ICR male mice at 8 weeks were used in the control group, and ICR male mice at 50 weeks were used in aging group and Bombycis Corpus group(BC group). In the aging group, 0.5 ml of distilled water was administered once a day for 6 months. In BC group, Bombycis Corpus(0.78g/kg) was dissolved in distilled water for 6 months once a day. As a result, Bombycis Corpus decreased bone loss, increased bone density by reducing the loss of bone matrix in the femur due to aging, and increased osteoblast - induced osteopontin(OPN) and osteocalcin(OPC) positivite reaction. In addition, administration of Bombycis Corpus decreased Reaction of activation of nuclear factor kappa B ligand(RANKL) positive reaction, increased osteoprotegerin(OPG) positive reaction, and decreased matrix metalloproteinase-3(MMP-3) and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine(8-OHdG) positivite reaction. Taken together, Bombycis Corpus increases the activity of osteoblasts, inhibits osteoclast function, promotes osteoblast function, inhibits bone tissue degradation, and inhibits bone loss due to oxidative stress. It was observed that Bombycis Corpus reduced bone loss and increased bone density caused by aging to improve male osteoporosis. Therefore, Bombycis Corpus may be used as a preventive and therapeutic agent for male osteoporosis.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.237-247
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• 2020

The ground tracking support is a critical factor for the navigation performance of spacecraft orbiting around the Moon. Because of the tracking limit of antennas, only a small number of facilities can support lunar missions. Therefore, case studies for various ground tracking support conditions are needed for lunar missions on the stage of preliminary mission analysis. This study analyzes the ground supporting condition effect on orbit determination (OD) of Korea Pathfinder Lunar Orbiter (KPLO) in the lunar orbit. For the assumption of ground support conditions, daily tracking frequency, cut-off angle for low elevation, tracking measurement accuracy, and tracking failure situations were considered. Two antennas of deep space network (DSN) and Korea Deep Space Antenna (KDSA) are utilized for various tracking conditions configuration. For the investigation of the daily tracking frequency effect, three cases (full support, DSN 4 pass/day and KDSA 4 pass/day, and DSN 2 pass/day and KDSA 2 pass/day) are prepared. For the elevation cut-off angle effect, two situations, which are 5 deg and 10 deg, are assumed. Three cases (0%, 30%, and 50% of degradation) were considered for the tracking measurement accuracy effect. Three cases such as no missing, 1-day KDSA missing, and 2-day KDSA missing are assumed for tracking failure effect. For OD, a sequential estimation algorithm was used, and for the OD performance evaluation, position uncertainty, position differences between true and estimated orbits, and orbit overlap precision according to various ground supporting conditions were investigated. Orbit prediction accuracy variations due to ground tracking conditions were also demonstrated. This study provides a guideline for selecting ground tracking support levels and preparing a backup plan for the KPLO lunar mission phase.

• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.183-188
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• 2011

모바일 응용에서 MPEG 비디오 스트림 등 대용량 데이터의 이용이 증가함에 따라, 전송되는 대용량 데이터의 정보 보호가 중요한 문제로 부각되고 있다. 대용량 데이터의 효과적인 보호를 위한 부분 암호화 방법으로 SECMPEG이 존재한다. 그러나 SECMPEG의 보안 레벨은 B- 나 P-프레임에 비해 상대적으로 용량이 큰 I-프레임을 모두 암호화 하기 때문에, 모바일 응용에 적용하기에는 암호화 오버헤드가 크다는 문제가 있다. 그러므로 MPEG2 표준의 압축 특성을 분석하여 I 프레임에서의 부분 암호화를 효과적으로 적용할 필요가 있다. 본 논문에서는 수신단에서 I-프레임 내의 에러 전파 특성을 이용하는, 슬라이스 레벨에서의 부분 암호화 방법을 제안한다. 실험 결과를 통하여 SECMPEG 보안 레벨 3과 비교하여 제안 방법은 보안 성능의 저하없이 수행 시간을 약 30배 이상 단축함을 확인하였다.

• Korea Journal of Cosmetic Science
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2020

Protection mechanisms for skin damage of ultraviolet (UV) absorbers in personal care products for protection against UV are well studied, but not for hair protection. The purpose of this study is to describe and compare the changes of physical property produced in human hair by doses of the UV-B exposure causing protein degradation. To observe the change of physical properties in hair, the experimental intensity of UV-B exposure has been established on the basis of statistical data from official meterological administration as daily one hour sunlight exposure for two weeks. Polysilicone-15, ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate (OMC), and octocrylene were employed for UV-B absorber, and those were treated to hair swatch by rubbing wash through shampoo and conditioner. Bending rigidity displayed kinetically successive reduction at high doses of UV exposure up to the 8,000 s, and exhibited different level at each sample of UV-B absorber. However, the values of Bossa Nova Technologies (BNT) for shinning factor were already saturable at the 2,000 s exposure except that treated with polysilicone-15. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to measure a strength of inner protein produces a successive reduction of enthalpy as like a reduction of bending rigidity upon UV exposure. Surface roughness from lateral force microscope (LFM) acquired immediately after UV exposure show a saturable frictional voltage which has been also found in a saturable BNT data as the time of UV exposure increases. Through researching the DSC and the LFM, shinning of hair was much correlated to the protein damage at the surface, and bending rigidity could be regulated by the protein structural damage inside hair. Therefore, the optimization of efficient strategy for simultaneous prevention of hair protein on the surface and internal hair was required to maintain physical properties against UV.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.220-227
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• 2022

The spread of antibiotic-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus, a gram-positive opportunistic pathogen, has increased due to the frequent use of antibiotics. Inhibition of the quorum-sensing systems of biofilm-producing strains using plant extracts represents an efficient approach for controlling infections. Torilis japonica is a medicinal herb showing various bioactivities; however, no studies have reported the anti-biofilm effects of T. japonica extracts against drug-resistant S. aureus. In this study, we evaluated the inhibitory effects of T. japonica ethanol extract (TJE) on biofilm production in methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) KCTC 1927, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) KCCM 40510, and MRSA KCCM 40511. Biofilm assays showed that TJE could inhibit biofilm formation in all strains. Furthermore, the hemolysis of sheep blood was found to be reduced when the strains were treated with TJE. The mRNA expression of agrA, sarA, icaA, hla, and RNAIII was evaluated using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction to determine the effect of TJE on the regulation of genes encoding quorum sensing-related virulence factors in MSSA and MRSA. The expression of hla reduced in a concentration-dependent manner upon treatment with TJE. Moreover, the expression levels of other genes were significantly reduced compared to those in the control group. In conclusion, TJE can suppress biofilm formation and virulence factor-related gene expression in MSSA and MRSA strains. The extract may therefore be used to develop treatments for infections caused by antibiotic-resistant S. aureus.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.61-72
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• 2022

This study aims to propose a conceptual design of information displays for supporting responsive actions under severe accidents in Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs). Severe accidents in NPPs can be defined as accident conditions that are more severe than a design basis accident and involving significant core degradation. Since the Fukushima accident in 2011, the management of severe accidents is increasing important in nuclear industry. Dealing with severe accidents involves several cognitively complex activities, such as situation assessment; accordingly, it is significant to provide human operators with appropriate knowledge support in their cognitive activities. Currently, severe accident management guidelines (SAMG) have been developed for this purpose. However, it is also inevitable to develop information displays for supporting the management of severe accidents, with which human operators can monitor, control, and diagnose the states of NPPs under severe accident situations. It has been reported that Ecological Interface Design (EID) framework can be a viable approach for developing information displays used in complex socio-technical systems such as NPPs. Considering the design principles underlying the EID, we can say that EID-based information displays can be useful for dealing with severe accidents effectively. This study developed a conceptual design of information displays to be used in severe accidents, following the stipulated design process and principles of the EID framework. We particularly attempted to develop a conceptual design to make visible the principle knowledge to be used for coping with dynamically changing situations of NPPs under severe accidents.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.410-418
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• 2022

터보 부호화 같은 반복 부호에서 채널 신뢰도 추정은 시변하는 수중 음향 채널에서 성능 향상을 위한 중요한 요소로서, 부정확한 채널 신뢰도 추정은 오히려 성능을 더욱 악화시킨다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 시변 수중 음향 채널에서 부호화율 1/3을 가지는 터보 부호화된 Frequency Shift Keying(FSK) 신호의 최적의 채널 신뢰도 추정 방식을 분석하였다. 추정(Estimation Bit Error Rate, E-BER) 알고리즘은 복호된 데이터를 재부호화시켜 수신된 신호와의 차이를 산정하는 방식이며, 채널 신뢰도의 변화에 따른 E-BER을 구하여 최적의 채널 신뢰도를 결정할 수 있다. 성능 분석을 위해 문경의 호수에서 거리 300 m ~ 500 m의 이동성 실험을 하였으며, 데이터를 복호하지 못하는 패킷에 대해 최적의 채널 신뢰도를 추정하여 적용한 결과, 모두 복호하였음을 확인하였다.