• 재활간호학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.51-60
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• 1998

The result of studying papers about management of lower back pain published in domestic and foreign nursing and medical magazines in these 10 years is as follows ; 1. General characteristic of lower back pain ; 1) In sex distribution, there were more men than women in 5 papers and more women than men in 4 papers among 9 papers surveryed. 2) In age distribution, thirties to forties of patients had more lower back pain as surveyed by general hospitals and fifties to sixties of patients had more lower back pain as surveyed by oriental medical hospitals. 3) In cause factor, there were 50 to 65% of sprain, 32 to 44% of herniated intervertebral disc and 13 to 29% of degenerative changes. 4) In symtom distribution, there were 26 to 57% of lower back pain, 42 to 65% of lower back pain with radiating pain and 34 to 99% of paravertevral muscle spasm. 5) In period of pain management distribution, 18 to 40% of patients experienced pain for less than 6 months and 59 to 82% of them experienced pain for more than 6 months in 3 papers among 4 papers. 6) In surveying the treatment, 66 to 88% of patients had conservative treatment and there were treatments of general hospital, oriental medicine, self remedy and traditional practice in conservative treatment. 7) In job distribution, 12 to 50% of them were housekeepers, 23 to 31% office workers, 4.6 to 36% blue color workers and 11 to 15% students. 2. As psychological character lower back pain paients had anxiety, depression, anger-hostility, phobic anxiety, neurasthenia, hypochondriasis, and interpersonal sensitivity. 3. To distinguish the cause of lower back pain, plain lumbar roentgenogram, straight leg rasing test, eletromyelogic findings, somatosensory evoked potentials CT and MRI were performed. 4. To relieve lower back pain. epidural adhesiolysis, epidulal injection of local anesthetic in mixture with steroid, lumbar spinal root block, low level laser therapy, acupuncture like transcutaneous nerve stimulation(AL TENS), topical capsaicin and lumbar orthotics were used in medical field, and relaxation technique was used in nursing field. 5. Mckenzie's extension exercise and William's flexsion exercise for lower back pain were used in medical field and Yoga exercise was applied in nursing field. 6. The more school education and self efficacy were high, the better they had active coping lower back pain positively and the less self efficacy was the more they had serious pain. As a result of studying the paper there have been very little research for lower back pain in nursing fields of Korea and foreign countries. Because 60 to 80% of population expeience lower back pain at least more than once, it is necessary to develop the study and clinical practice for management of lower back pain.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.11-17
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• 2008

Purpose: This study examined the application of electric stimulation to the auricle acupoint (frequency 2 Hz, stimulation level: noxious) with 30 elderly people over 65 years that received treatment in a rural hospital to determine the influence of pain, gait and balance in the aged with knee joint disease. Methods: The subjects were divided into three groups; the degenerative joint diseases (DJD) group (1 male, 9 females), the total knee replacement (TKR) group (1 male, 9 females) and the control group (1 male, 9 females). Auricualr electrical stimulation (AES) was applied with low frequency, high intensity transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for 10 seconds per each point. Results: 1. For the change of pain according to AES, there was interaction in the resting period (p<0.001) and gait (p<0.001) and pain of the DJD group and TKR group was decreased. 2. The range of motion (ROM) of the knee joint showed a significant difference in interaction for each group of elderly people (p<0.001) and the ROM for the DJD group and TKR group of elderly people was increased. 3. In the analysis of gait speed changes, there was a significant difference in interaction for each group of elderly people (p<0.001) and for gait speed in the DJD group and TKR group of elderly people. 4. It was found in the change of static balance that there was a significant difference in interaction for each group of elderly people (p<0.01) and balance capacity in the DJD group and TKR group of elderly people was increased. Conclusion: The aged with knee joint disease have pain, and a decreased function of gait and balance. AES was an excellent treatment for control of pain, and an excellent treatment to enhanced joint functions. AES was useful for improving gait and balance due to decreased pain.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.103-110
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• 2016

As a degenerative joint disease, osteoarthritis (OA) constitutes a major cause of disability that seriously affects the quality of life of a large population of people worldwide. However, effective treatment that can successfully reverse OA progression is lacking until now. The present study aimed to determine whether two small non-coding RNAs miR-29a and miR-140, which are significantly down-regulated in OA, can be applied together as potential therapeutic targets for OA treatment. MiRNA synergy score was used to screen the miRNA pairs that potentially synergistically regulate OA. An in vitro model of OA was established by treating murine chondrocytes with IL-$1{\beta}$. Transfection of miR-29a and miR-140 via plasmids was investigated on chondrocyte proliferation and expression of nine genes such as ADAMTS4, ADAMTS5, ACAN, COL2A1, COL10A1, MMP1, MMP3, MMP13 and TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 1 (TIMP1). Western blotting was used to determine the protein expression level of MMP13 and TIMP1, and ELISA was used to detect the content of type II collagen. Combined use of miR-29a and miR-140 successfully reversed the destructive effect of IL-$1{\beta}$ on chondrocyte proliferation, and notably affected the MMP13 and TIMP1 gene expression that regulates extracellular matrix. Although co-transfection of miR-29a and miR-140 did not show a synergistic effect on MMP13 protein expression and type II collagen release, but both of them can significantly suppress the protein abundance of MMP13 and restore the type II collagen release in IL-$1{\beta}$ treated chondrocytes. Compared with single miRNA transfection, cotransfection of both miRNAs exceedingly abrogated the suppressed the protein production of TIMP1 caused by IL-$1{\beta}$, thereby suggesting potent synergistic action. These results provided1novel insights into the important function of miRNAs' collaboration in OA pathological development. The reduced MMP13, and enhanced TIMP1 protein production and type II collagen release also implies that miR-29a and miR-140 combination treatment may be a possible treatment for OA.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.175-185
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• 1994

In order to anticipate disease pattern and health problems of Koreans in the 1st part of 21st century (by the year 2020), transition of population characteristics, mortality and morbidity data during the last 30 years Koreans have experienced were reviewed. On the actual basis of epidemiologic transition process that has undergone during last 30 years since 1960 along with socioeconomic development and successful implementation of selective national health policies (family planning, medical insurance and etc.), following changes can be expected in the 21st century in Korea, under the assumption that the current rate of progress is maintained. The population of South Korea alone will be doubled the population of 1960 by the year 2013 : aged Population older than 65 years will be increased from 3.3% in 1960 to 11.4% in 2020 with increased average age of the population from 23.6 year in 1970 to 39.2 year in 2020; urban population from 28% in 1960 to 83% in 2005. GNP/capita has increased tremendously from U.S. $120 in 1970 to $6,749 in 1992, and the government estimated it would be 519,350 in 2010 and $29,460 in 2020. Growth and developmental indices of children, educational achievement and social status of women also showed a remarkable improvement and anticipated to make futher progress. Leading causes of mortality and morbidity have shown a striking change during the last 30 years, from infectious diseases to chronic degenerative diseases and man-made injuries. Occurrence of communicable diseases may become minimal although viral hepatitis, venereal diseases Including AIDS, and well adapted herpes virus infections will maintain their endemic level. Newly evolving infectious agents, however, should be carefully monitored because of rapidly changing environments and human behaviours. Tuberculosis may increase up to the epidemic level when AIDS prevails. Ischemic heart diseases may increase steadily with increasing occurrence of hypertension and diabetes mellitus whereas cerebrovascular diseases may be decreased slowly. Musculaskeletal diseases which contribute a lot to the disability of aged people may be a major health problems due to increased aged population. Mental diseases, particularly that caused by alcohol and drug abuse, and senile dementia may become a prominent health problem. On the other hand injuries caused by traffic and industrial accidents that have shown most striking increase till now may be decreased considerably by intensive intervention. The health policies in the 21st century will be oriented to the health promotion for good quality life rather than life-savings.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.191-195
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• 2015

7년령, 중성화 수컷 고양이가 무기력과 식욕부진으로 내원하였다. 실험실 검사는 말초혈액 호중구에서 중등도의 퇴행성 변화, free 및 total thyroxine의 농도 감소 및 혈액배양에서 세균증식이 관찰되었다. 16S ribosomal RNA 및 heat shock protein 60 유전자 검사 결과 세균은 Enterobacter cloacae로 확인되었다. 항생제 최소억제농도 평가결과 16개 항생제에 대한 다약제 내성이 관찰되었다. 중합효소연쇄반응 및 시퀀싱 결과 $bla_{TEM-1}$, $bla_{CTX-M-15}$ 및 플라스미드 유래 $bla_{ACT-1}$ 유전자에 대한 양성 반응이 관찰되었으며, 결과적으로 확인된 세균이 광범위 beta-lactamase 및 ampC beta-lactamase를 합성하는 플라스미드를 보유한 것을 확인하였다. 환자는 1개월 간 항생제와 levothyroxine 치료를 받은 후 증상이 호전되었고, 치료 후 갑상선 기능검사와 혈액배양 결과 이상소견은 소실되었다. 이 증례는 고양이의 지역사회획득 다약제내성 E. cloacae에 의한 정상 갑상샘 질환 증후군의 첫 예이다. 신속한 진단과정과 적절한 항생제 선택에 의해 이환된 고양이는 패혈증으로부터 회복되었다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.501-508
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• 1987

개량조개, Mactra chinesis의 자원관리 및 증양식을 위한 기초생물학적 연구로서, 서해안 옥구군 비웅도 근해에서 1984년 1월부터 12월까지 월별로 채집한 재료를 대상으로 생식소발달, 생식년주기, 그리고 군성숙도를 조직학적 방법에 의해 조사하였다. 본 종은 자웅이체형 2매패로서, 생식소는 내장낭의 간중장선 하방으로부터 족부의 섬유성망상결체조직까지 불규칙하게 분포되어 있었다. 완숙란의 난경의 크기는 $50\~60{\mu}m$ 이었으며 젤라틴상의 피막으로 둘러 싸여 있었다. 산란은 수온이 $18.5\~27.0^{\circ}C$인 5월부터 9월에 걸쳐 일어나며 주산란기는 6월과 7월이었다. 개량조개의 생식년주기는 분열증식기, 성장기, 방출기, 퇴화 및 휴지기의 연속적인 5단계로 나눌 수 있었다. 비남도지수의 월별변화는 생식년주기와 밀접하게 상호관련되어 있었다. 암${\cdot}$수 개체들의 군성숙도는 각장 $3.6\~3.9cm$인 개체들은 $50\% $이상이었고, 각장이 5.0cm 이상인 개체들은 전 개체가 재생산에 참가하였다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.404-409
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• 2006

This study investigated the reproductive cycle of the female hairychin goby, Sagamia geneionema, histologically. The fecundity of female hairychin goby ranged from 1,002 to 1,240 eggs when they reached a total length of 9.1-10.0 cm. Fecundity is related to total length. The gonadosomatic index (GSI) increased from December (1.87$\pm$0.46) and reached a maximum in April (11.57$\pm$1.92). The histological changes in the ovary were correlated with the GSI. Oocytes at the chromatin-nucleolus and peri-nucleolus stages were observed in the ovary year-round. In December, oocytes containing yolk appeared in the ovaries of a few fish. Most oocytes appearing in January were at the yolk globule stage. The frequency of oocytes appearing at the yolk globule stage from January to March was higher than in other months. Subsequently, empty follicles and atretic oocytes were observed in the ovaries in May. Based on the histological observations of gonad development and the monthly change in the GSI, the reproductive cycle was classified into the following successive stages: growing (October to November), mature (December to January), ripe and spawning (February to April), and degenerative and resting (May to September) stages. The histological observations of ovaries during the spawning period indicate that this species is a multiple spawner with abbreviated iteroparity based on the developmental pattern of oocytes.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.514-521
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• 2010

음양곽(Epimedicum Koreanum nakai)은 예부터 생식기 장애치료를 위해 사용되어 왔다. 본 연구에서는 2-브로모프로판(2-bromopropane; 2-BP)으로 유발된 생식기 장애에서 음양곽 물추출물의 생식기장애 치료효과를 평가하였다. 2-BP를 체중kg당 1,355 mg씩 28일간 피하로 투여하여 생식기 장애를 유발하였으며, 음양곽 추출물은 용량별(10, 100, 500 mg/kg)로 4주간 경구투여 하였다. 그 결과 일일정자생성(daily sperm production)은 대조군에 비하여 증가하였으나 용량의존적 감소를 나타내었으며, 정세관과 부고환관에서는 조직학적 유의한 변화를 나타내었다. 이러한 결과는 음양곽물추출이 2-BP로 유발된 생식기장애의 치료에 도움이 될 것으로 생각된다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.101-117
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• 1999

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a degenerative neuromuscular disease of unknown etiology in which the upper and lower motor neurons are progressively destroyed. Recent evidences support the role of autoimmune mechanisms in the pathogenesis of ALS. This study investigated the effects of sera from ALS patients on neuromuscular transmission in phrenic nerve-hemidiaphragm preparations and on calcium currents of single isolated dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cells in mice. Mice were injected with either control sera from healthy adults or ALS sera from 18 patients with ALS of sporadic form, for three days. Miniature end plate potential (MEPP) and nerve-evoked end plate potential (EPP) were measured using intracellular recording technique and the quantal content was determined. Single isolated DRG cells were voltage-clamped with the whole-cell configuration and membrane currents were recorded. Sera from 14 of 18 ALS patients caused a significant increase in MEPP frequency in normal Ringer's solution $(4.62{\pm}0.14\;Hz)$ compared with the control $(2.18{\pm}0.15\;Hz).$ In a high $Mg^{2+}/low\;Ca^{2+}$ solution, sera from 13 of 18 ALS patients caused a significant increase in MEPP frequency, from $2.18{\pm}0.31$ Hz to $6.09{\pm}0.38$ Hz. Sera from 11 of 18 patients produced a significant increase of nerve-evoked EPP amplitude, from $0.92{\pm}0.05$ mV to $1.30{\pm}0.04$ mV, while the other seven ALS sera did not alter EPP amplitude. In the ALS group, EPP quantal content was also elevated by the sera of 14 patients (from $1.49{\pm}0.07$ to $2.35{\pm}0.07).$ MEPP frequency and amplitude in wobbler mouse were $4.03{\pm}0.53$ Hz and $1.37{\pm}0.18$ mV, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of wobbler controls (wobblers without the symptoms of wobbler). Sera from ALS patients significantly reduced HVA calcium currents of DRG cells to 42.7% at -10 mV. Furthermore, the inactivation curve shifted to more negative potentials with its half-inactivation potential changed by 6.98 mV. There were, however, significant changes neither in the reversal potential of $I_{Ca}$ nor in the I-V curve. From these results it was concluded that: 1) The serum factors of sporadic ALS patients increase neuromuscular transmission and can alter motor nerve terminal presynaptic function. This suggests that ALS serum factors may play an important role in the early stage of ALS, and 2) Calcium currents in DRG cells were reduced and rapidly inactivated by ALS sera, suggesting that in these cells, ALS serum factors may exert interaction with the calcium channel.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.291-305
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• 1996

유치 및 초기 영구치의 치수신경분포 및 변화를 평가하기 위하여 교정치료를 위해 발치한 치근흡수가 비교적 적은 유치, 정상 탈락기의 유치, 맹출중인 교합하지 않은 제 1소구치, 맹출이 완료되어 교합하고 있는 제 1소구치를 대상으로 neurofilament protein(NFP) 을 이용 한 변역조직화학적 방법으로 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 치근흡수가 비교적 적은 유치에서도 영구치와 유사한 신경총의 존재와 신경분포 형태가 관찰되었으나, 영구치에 비해 그 신경분포의 밀도가 낮았으며 분지형성 또한 미약하게 나타났고, 전상아질로 진입하는 섬유의 수가 적었다. 정상탈락기의 유치에서는 신경의 변성으로 소포(vesicle), 단절(fragmentation)등이 관찰되었으며, 그 신경분포가 현저히 감소되어 나타났고, 총상의 형태도 소실되었다. 교합하지 않은 제 1소구치에서 치수 내의 신경은 말단가지의 숫자가 적고, 치수 조상아 세포 경계에 도달하였으며, 비교적 가는 신경 섬유가 많았다. 교합하고 있는 제 1소구치에서 치수 내의 신경은 말단이 조상아층으로 진출하고, 어떤 신경섬유는 전상아질층까지 진입하였으며, 비교적 굵은 신경섬유의 분포가 많아졌다.