• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.155-167
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• 2007

Objectives : This study was performed to evaluate the general distribution and the efficacy of oriental medical treatment for low back pain. Methods: We have selected of the moxa bucket moxibustion. We make a comparative study of the thermodynamic characteristics of moxa bucket moxibustion. We examined combustion times, temperatures, temperature gradients in each period during a combustion of moxa bucket moxibustion made by oak wood. Results : The 80 cases of low back pain patients was analyzed according to the distribution of sex, age, the period of disease, contributing factor, the patient-condition on admission, the symptom on admission, the duration of admission, the reading of the X-ray and the treatment efficacy was evaluated respectively. 1. Female was more than male in the ratio of 1:1.2, and thirties and seventies 25% the most, the acutest phase 46.3% the most, reason unknown 33.8% the most, Grade III 50% the most, L.B.P. only 51.3% the most, the day of 6-10 30% the most, compression Fx 30% the most. 2. In the total treatment result, the good was 51.3%, the excellent 22.5%, the fair 17.5%, the poor 8.8% in order. About 'the effective rate'(the percentage of positive effective treatment cases) of each distribution, the fifties 100% the most, the acutest phase 97.3% the most, the slip down, weight lifting, overuse 100% the most respectively, Grade III 97.5% the most, L.B.P. only 95.1% the most, the day of 11-15 100% the most, HN.P. 93.3% the most. Conclusions : We have known the efficacy of oriental medical treatment for L.B.P. was good and early treatment was better than late treatment and main cause of L.B.P. was degenerative change.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.156-160
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• 2002

Purpose: To analyze the clinical outcome of triple arthrodesis for the posttraumatic arthritis after calcaneal fractures. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 22 posttraumatic arthritis patients who underwent a triple arthrodesis from March 1991 to May 1998. The mean duration of follow up was 74 months(range, 36-123 months). The pain, function and alignment were evaluated by the modified ankle-hindfoot scale of the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society(AOFAS) clinically and the union rate, the duration of union and the degenerative change of adjacent joints radiographically were evaluated. Results: The mean duration from injury to arthrodesis was 33 months (range, 12-132 months). The AOFAS score improved from 36.4 points(range, 14-64) preoperatively to 67.6(range, 25-90) postoperatively. The union rate was 90.1% radiographically, the mean duration of union was 14.3 weeks(range, 12-21 weeks) and the degenerative change in the adjacent joint was showed in 12 patients(54.5%). There were 2 cases of talonavicular nonunion, one superficial wound infection and one partial skin necrosis. Conclusion: Triple arthrodesis for posttraumatic arthritis after calcaneal fractures is a useful method for relief of pain and correction of posttraumatic hindfoot deformity, as an evidenced by the satisfactory clinical outcome. Although a high prevalence of subsequent arthritis of the ankle and midtarsal joint was noted radiographically, we found that it was not clinically relevant.

• Clinical Pain
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.105-121
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• 2021

Objective: Physiologically, the vastus medialis muscle is the first muscle to undergo muscle atrophy, and it was thought that pain in patients with knee osteoarthritis could be reduced if this muscle could be strengthened and stabilized. The purpose of this study was to prove the effectiveness in knee osteoarthritis using polydioxanone sutures that have been tried in other musculoskeletal areas. Method: Forty knee osteoarthritis patients voluntarily participated in the study, and divided into 30 polydioxanone suture needle (MEST-B2375 produced by Ovmedi Co.) and 10 sham needle (without suture). And the needles were inserted into the vastus medialis muscle. In all patients, safety evaluation including blood tests and ultrasonography as well as efficacy evaluation including isometric maximal contractile strength of quadriceps muscle, weight bearing pain, impression of change, quadriceps angle, rescue drug intake were evaluated up to 30 weeks after the procedure. Results: Isometric maximal contractile strength showed a significant improvement at 4 weeks after the procedure in the polydioxanone suture group, and the weight-bearing pain showed a significant improvement at every visit in the polydioxanone suture group compared with baseline values. Patient global impression of change score showed significant improvement at 20 and 30 weeks, and clinical score showed improvement at every visit. Conclusion: Insertion of polydioxanone sutures showed improvement in muscle strength and knee pain by supporting and fixation of the vastus medialis muscle in patients with degenerative knee osteoarthritis. Insertion of polydioxanone sutures is considered to have a therapeutic effect in knee osteoarthritis patients.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.51-56
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• 2016

Background: The purpose of this study is to compare axis change during cervical flexion and extension according to lordosis angle to patients with scoliosis. Methods: Movement axis change was estimated during cervical flexion and extension in twenty-four scoliosis patients with hypolordosis using radiography. Subjects were divided into mild lordotic curve group (MLCG, n=12, $34{\sim}25^{\circ}$) and severe lordotic curve group (SLCG, n=12, less $25^{\circ}$) according to cervical lordosis angle. Results: During cervical flexion, both group showed movement axis change to upper part of cervical vertebra and SLCG showed greater than MLCG but there is no significant difference. During cervical extension, SLCG showed greater than MLCG and there is significant difference. Conclusion: It is considered that cervical hypolordosis acts as important factor to scoliosis and degenerative joint disease because it leads to change of movement axis and central route of joint.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.226-238
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• 2021

Purpose: Although several reports have described the relationship between periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease, information about the association between periodontal disease and the progression of degenerative aortic stenosis (AS) is lacking. Therefore, we performed a retrospective, single-center, pilot study to provide insight into this potential association. Methods: Data from 45 consecutive patients (19 men; median age, 83 years) with mild or moderate degenerative aortic stenosis were analyzed for a mean observation period of 3.3±1.9 years. The total amount of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis and titers of serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) against periodontal bacteria and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were evaluated. Aortic valve area (AVA), maximal velocity (Vmax), mean pressure gradient (mean PG), and the Doppler velocity index (DVI) were evaluated. The change in each parameter per year ([Parameter_LATEST-Parameter_BASELINE]/Follow-up Years) was calculated from the retrospective follow-up echocardiographic data (baseline vs. the most recently collected data [latest]). Results: No correlation was found between the concentration of periodontopathic bacteria in the saliva and AS status/progression. The anti-P. gingivalis antibody titer in the serum showed a significant positive correlation with AVA and DVI. Additionally, there was a negative correlation between the anti-P. gingivalis IgG antibody titer and mean PG. The hs-CRP concentration showed positive correlations with Vmax and mean PG. Meanwhile, a negative correlation was observed between the anti-P. gingivalis IgG antibody titer and ΔAVA/year and Δmean PG/year. The hs-CRP concentration showed positive correlations with Vmax and mean PG, and it was significantly higher in patients with rapid aortic stenosis progression (ΔAVA/year <-0.1) than in their counterparts. Conclusions: Our results suggest that periodontopathic bacteria such as A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis are not directly related to the status/progression of degenerative AS. However, inflammation and a lower immune response may be associated with disease progression.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.39-45
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• 2011

Purpose : The purpose of this article was to review the literature on change of knee position sense after total knee replacement intervention in knee rehabilitation. Methods : This review outlines scientific findings regarding different literature data in knee rehabilitation, and discusses proprioceptive change of knee joints after total knee replacement intervention. Result : Severe pain and diminished joint sensation may precipitate degenerative changes of knees joint, and a strong association between decreased proprioception and function has been identified in elderly patients with knee osteoarthritis. Total knee replacement(TKR) of the knee joint are effective surgical procedures in osteoarthritis patients, resulting in decreased pain, and improved physical function and quality of life in patients. After total knee replacement, joint position sensation is partially recovered, which may improve functional stability of the knee, but aspects of physical functioning are not fully restored to preoperative status. Conclusions : Thus, recovery rate in proprioception after TKR also is considered to be important because it may be a significant risk factor in failure of total knee replacement and knee rehabilitation intervention.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.242-256
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• 2007

1. Objectives Purpose of this study is to prove anti-aging and anti-oxidative effects of Gongjinhugwon-dan decoction. 2. Methods The SD rats used in this experiment were 6, 18, and 36 weeks old. Each age group was again divided into three groups. These nine groups consisted of 8 rats each. One group was given no treatment, another group was dosed $200{\mu}l$ of normal saline daily, and the last group was dosed $200{\mu}l$ of 1 % Gongjinhugwon-dan and saline mixture. At the conclusion of the experiment, the age groups were relabelled accordingly (10 weeks, 22 weeks, and 40 weeks). After 4 weeks, change of weight and liver markers were measured. Serum LDL cholesterol, total bilirubin, albumin, glucose, GOT and GPT levels were observed in order to check the hematological modification. Also, each organ tissue was biopsied in order to measure the SOD activity and the glutathione content change. 3. Results & Conclusions Aging did not cause any significant change in GOT and LDH, but GPT and albumin levels showed increase after GHD intake. Serum GPT was lower in the experimental group. Serum total bilirubin of the 40 w GHD group was significantly increased. The populations of dendritic cells in the spleens of the GHD groups were significantly increased. The levels of GSH in the liver of the 40 w GHD group and in the kidney of 22w-GSD were significantly increased in comparison with those of the normal groups. The degenerative change of brain tissue was decreased in the 40 w GHD group compared with those of the 40w normal group and the 40 w saline group. These results suggest that anti-oxidative GSH concentration of liver and kidney in rats treated with GHD showed significant increase in the 40 w GHD group. GHD was effective on increasing anti-oxidative substance in liver and dendritic cells in spleen, thus helping immune system and preventing cell mutation and degenerative change of brain tissues. Further studies and clinical investigation with GHD is needed.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.79-84
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• 2006

We reviewed sex-change patterns in the wrasses Halichoeres poecilopterus, H. tenuispinis, Pteragogus flagellifer, and Pseudolabrus sieboldi inhabiting the coastal waters of Jeju, Korea, based on the sex distribution according to standard length and sex characteristics of the gonads. Halichoeres poecilopterus, H. tenuispinis, Pt. flagellifer, and Ps. sieboldi are protogynous hermaphroditic fish. Histological observations revealed that these wrasses are undelimited type 2 species because testicular tissue(spermatogenesis area) appears in most parts of the gonads during ovary of degenerative stage. Both initial- and terminal-phase males were present in the investigated populations, indicating that Halichoeres poecilopterus, H. tenuispinis, and Ps. sieboldi are of the diandric type. In contrast, Pt. flagellifer is considered a monandric type, because all males in the investigated populations were terminal-phase males produced via sex change from functional females.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.130-152
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• 1989

The purpose of this study was to observe the effect of intermaxillary fixation on the chondrocytes of the mandibular condyle under the light and the electron microscope. For this study, twenty rabbits were placed in maxillomandibular fixation, and two were used as a control group. The experimental group was subdivided into 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 day group. After the experimental period of 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days, the animals were sacrificed with a vascular perfusion of 2.5% glutaraldehyde. The condylar processes were exenterated, and decalcified in 0.1M EDTA with 2.5% glutaraldehyde solution for two weeks. The specimens were rinsed with phosphate buffer solution and the post-fixation was carried out with 2% osmium tetroxide at $4^{\circ}C$ for two hours. Thereafter the specimens were dehydrated in alcohol series, cleared with propylene oxide and embedded in Epon 812 resin. Thin sections and ultra-thin sections were made, and the cellular structures of the condylar cartilages were observed with light and electron microscope. The results were as follows: 1. In the intermaxillary fixation group, the cartilaginous tissues of mandibular condyles showed a marked decrease in the thickness compared to the control group. 2. A remarkable change was noticed in the proliferating and the hypertrophic zone of the condylar cartilages in the experimental group. 3. An atrophic change of the condylar cartilage was appeared in the 3 day experimental group and degenerative change was observed in the 7 day experimental group, and recovery was seen in thereafter 14 day experimental group. 4. Calcification, degeneration and resorption of condylar cartilage were recognizable, and the cellular zone of the condylar cartilage was appeared indistinctly in 3 day and 7 day experimental group. The chondroblasts, however, were differentiated into chondrocytes and resumed mitosis, and then the cellular zones of the condylar cartilage were reorganized from the 14 day experimental group under the findings of light microscope. 5. Under the findings of electron microscope, atrophic changes and decrease in number of intracellular organelles, degenerative changes of cytoplasm, and pyknosis of nuclei were observed in early stage, however, a gradual regeneration and reorganization of the intracellular organelles were observed from 14 day experimental group.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.55 no.6
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• pp.343-347
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• 2014

Objective : To evaluate the relationship between postoperative increase in intervertebral disc space height (IVH) and posterior axial neck in cases of degenerative cervical disease treated with anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF). Methods : A total of 155 patients who underwent ACDF with more than 1 year follow up were included. Radiologically, IVH and interfacet distance (IFD) of the operated segment were measured preoperatively and postoperatively. We clinically evaluated neck and arm pains according to visual analogue scale (VAS) scores and assessed neck disability index (NDI) scores preoperatively, postoperatively, at 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year postoperatively. The relationship between radiological parameters, and clinical scores were analyzed using a regression analysis. Results : The mean increase in IVH was 2.62 mm, and the mean increase in IFD was 0.67 mm. The VAS scores for neck pain preoperatively, postoperatively, and at 3 months, 6 months, 1 year postoperatively were 4.46, 2.11, 2.07, 1.95, and 1.29; those for arm pain were 5.89, 3.24, 3.20, 3.03, and 2.18. The NDI scores were improved from 18.52 to 7.47. No significant relationship was observed between the radiological evaluation results regarding the increase in intervertebral height or interfacet distance and clinical changes in VAS or NDI scores. Conclusion : The increase in intervertebral space or interfacet distance by the insertion of a large graft material while performing ACDF for the treatment of degenerative cervical disease was not related with the change in VAS scores for neck and arm pains and NDI scores postoperatively and during the follow-up period.