• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.37-57
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to investigate the elastic effect of deformation and restriction in wearing a support type panty stocking (PS). The study investigated deformation rate in all surface area, deformation rate in local area, length deformation rate, changes in slip and feeling of restriction under the standard laboratory condition. Two healthy adult females in twenties wore four types of PS. The result were as follows : The deformation rate in all surface area was 117 .approx. 132% in wearing support type PS, 157% in wearing mono type PS, due to the intensities of restriction. The deformation rate in local area was in order, course > oblique > wale direction. The largest deformation rate was observed in hip girth. Between the deformation rates in all surface and local areas was a high correlation acknowledged, especially the course direction showed a high correlation. Support type PSs showed more deformation and changes of slip than wool and mono type PS. Especially, changes of slip at the knee appeared greatly. The responses of restriction evaluated from a paired comparison method were in order, JS 2 > KS 4 > KS 9 > KS 5 > KS 1 > KM 3.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2024

The construction adit plays a pivotal role in enhancing the working face during the excavation of long-distance and deep hydraulic tunnels. However, the intersection zone between the main tunnel and the construction adit exhibits more intricate deformation patterns in surrounding rock, posing a significant threat to stability during excavation. Taking the Xianglushan tunnel in Yunnan Province, China, as a case study, the FLAC3D software is employed to simulate the excavation process at the intersection. The simulation results are verified combined with the field deformation monitoring results, and the spatial distribution of tunnel rock deformation in the intersection area are analyzed. Five excavation conditions with different intersection angles are simulated, and the surrounding rock deformation of the tunnel intersection area with different intersection angles is analyzed, and its influence range is discussed. The results show that: (1) The surrounding rock deformation in the intersection area increases rapidly during the tunnel excavation. With the increase of construction distance, the deformation of intersection area is gradually stable. (2) The deformation distribution of the tunnel rock is uneven, and the deformation of main tunnel near the intersection area is larger than that far away from the intersection area. (3) With the increase of the intersection angle, the surrounding rock deformation of the tunnel intersection and its influence range decreases gradually. The research results have certain guiding significance for the construction safety of the tunnel intersection area.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.409-414
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• 2001

This paper reports a technique for measuring a three-dimensional soil deformation and a simplified method to determine the three-dimensional contact area of agricultural tires in a soil bin. A Pirelli 12.4R28 radial-ply tire was used on soft soil. Effects of dynamic load and inflation pressure were determined using the equipment for measuring soil deformation on the soil surface. Soil deformation measurements were made under three conditions of over-load (59kPa-14.2kN), rated-load (108kPa-11.8kN) and under-load (157kPa-9.3kN) in the combinations of the inflation pressures (kPa) and the tire load (kN). The results from three conditions were shown that the contact area of the over-load increased considerably bigger than those of the rated-load and the under-load. Therefore, to regulate soil deformation, the inflation pressure and the tire load should be set according to the soil conditions.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.239-255
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• 2021

Kinematic analyses of magmatic intrusions and faults can provide useful information on stress conditions and chronological relationships between dike emplacement and brittle deformation events. We studied structures in rocks exposed on a coastal platform in Geoje Island off the southern Korean Peninsula because of its well-developed dikes and faults. The geology of the study area includes the Cretaceous Seongpo-ri Formation, which is composed mostly of shale, sandstone, and hornfels intruded by magmatic dikes. Most of the dikes are developed along pre-existing structural features (faults and fractures), indicating that their emplacements were structurally controlled. Because dikes commonly open along the direction of the minimum principal stress, the direction of this stress can be obtained from dike geometry and orientation through the matching of piercing points on either side of a dike. In addition, the deformed dikes can give information regarding later deformation. On the basis of the kinematic analyses, we identified five deformation events in the study area, which are kinematically related to changes of the regional maximum principal stress. Results indicate that the structures in the study area have been controlled predominantly by episodes of reactivation of the NNE-trending Yangsan strike-slip fault, located to the northeast of the study area, under different stress regimes. In a wider tectonic context, the brittle deformation of the rocks of Geoje Island was probably induced by interactions among the Philippine Sea, Pacific, and Eurasian plates, including changes in subduction parameters with respect to the latter two plates over time.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.53-59
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• 2011

Recently there have been considerable attentions on nanoimprint lithography (NIL) by the display device and semiconductor industry due to its potential abilities that enable cost-effective and high-throughput nanofabrication. Although one of the current major research trends of NIL is large-area patterning, the technical difficulties to keep the uniformity of the residual layer become severer as the imprinting area increases more and more. In this paper we focused on the deformation of the $2^{nd}$ generation TFT-LCD sized ($370{\times}470mm^2$) large-area soft mold in the UV imprinting process. A mold was fabricated with PDMS(Poly-dimethyl Siloxane) layered glass back plate(t0.5). Besides, the mold includes large surrounding wall type protrusions of 1.9 mm width and the via-hole(7 ${\mu}m$ diameter) patterend area. The large surrounding wall type protrusions cause the proximity effect which severely degrades the uniformity of residual layer in the via-hole patterend area. Therefore the deformation of the mold was calculated by finite element analysis to assess the effect of large surrounding wall type protrusions and the flexiblity of the mold. The deformation of soft mold was verified by the measurements qualitatively.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.14 no.4 s.76
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• pp.375-383
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• 2005

The shear spinning process, where the plastic deformation zone is localized in a very small portion of the workpiece, shows a promise for increasingly broader application to the production of axially symmetric parts. In this paper, the three components of the working force are calculated by a newly proposed deformation model in which the spinning process is understood as shearing deformation after uniaxial yielding by bending, and shear stress, $\tau_{rz}$, becomes k, yield limit in pure shear, in the deformation zone. The tangential force are first calculated and the feed force and the normal force are obtained by the assumption of uniform distribution of roller pressure on the contact surface. The optimum contact area is obtained by minimizing the bending energy required to get the assumed deformation of the blank. The calculated forces are compared with experimental results. A comparison shows that theoretical prediction is reasonably in good agreement with experimental results

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.110-119
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• 2000

In this study, we considered the method evaluation the flexibility of joint area including member with circular section. We regarded the flexibility of joint area as translational and rotational springs for the purpose of expressing local deformation. We verified this method by the use of normal mode analysis. We also calculated this joint area occurring in penetration so as to apply this method to other cases. Compare with the shell element model. we can the considerably approximate values.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.806-818
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• 2006

The shear spinning process, where the plastic deformation zone is localized in a very small portion of the workpiece, shows a promise for increasingly broader application to the production of axially symmetric parts. In this paper, the three components of working force are calculated by the newly proposed deformation model in which the spinning process is understood as shearing deformation after uniaxial yielding by bending, and shear stress, $\tau_{rz}$ becomes $\kappa$, yield limit in pure shear, in the deformation zone. The tangential forces are first calculated and the feed forces and the normal forces are obtained by the assumption of uniform distribution of roller pressure on the contact surface. The optimum contact area is obtained by minimizing the bending energy required to get the assumed deformation of the blank. The calculated forces are compared with experimental results. A comparison shows that theoretical prediction is reasonably in good agreement with experimental results.

• Metals and materials international
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.1249-1255
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• 2018

High temperature compression tests for newly developed Al-Zn-Mg alloy were carried out to investigate its hot deformation behavior and obtain deformation processing maps. In the compression tests, cylindrical specimens were deformed at high temperatures ($300-500^{\circ}C$) and strain rates of 0.001-1/s. Using the true stress-true strain curves obtained from the compression tests, processing maps were constructed by evaluating the power dissipation efficiency map and flow instability map. The processing map can be divided into three areas according to the microstructures of the deformed specimens: instability area with flow localization, instability area with mixed grains, and stable area with homogeneous grains resulting from continuous dynamic recrystallization (CDRX). The results suggest that the optimal processing conditions for the Al-Zn-Mg alloy are $450^{\circ}C$ and a strain rate of 0.001/s, having a stable area with homogeneous grains resulting from CDRX.

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.305-312
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• 2003

Remote sensing can provide invisible information in addition to acquire wide-view image data from space. Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) transmits microwave to the earth from a satellite and collects the reflected echo from the surface. Interferometric processing of SAR data can detect the subtle land deformation. The information of the surface movement by SAR is useful to monitor the volcanic activity, extended subsidence of urbanized area and the prediction of the earthquake caused by crustal deformation, and it complements the conventional levelling and GPS technique. PSInSAR (Permanent Scatterers Interferometric SAR) is one of interferometric techniques to be applied to practical projects in Japan. In this paper, the projects of land deformation monitoring are shown after the explanations of the PSInSAR principle. Tokai earthquake risk assessment is the first example. PSInSAR detects the subduction of crustal deformation of the adjacent area of new assumed epicenter region of the Tokai Earthquake. The extended subsidence of the urbanized area was implemented by using Japanese satellite data i.e. JERS that has so much data the surrounding of Japan as the archive. We examine the relationship between the geological structure and settlement at Nohbi basin including Nagoya city.