• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.26-33
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• 2020

Purpose: Agent Orange (AO) is a herbicide and defoliant used by the United States and its military allies during the Vietnam War. Pneumonia is a common cause of death among Vietnam veterans in our hospital. There have been no previous studies researching any association between AO exposure and the prognosis for pneumonia. The primary objective of this study was to investigate associations between AO exposure and 30-day mortality due to pneumonia. The secondary objective was to examine the clinical factors associated with therapeutic outcomes in veterans with pneumonia, and to assess the prevalence of combined diseases in AO-exposed veterans. Methods: This study retrospectively included veteran patients diagnosed with pneumonia in the emergency department and hospitalized between February 2014 and March 2018. The enrolled patients were grouped according to their defoliant exposure history, and the clinical information of defoliant-exposed and non-defoliant-exposed groups were compared. Patients were divided according to 30-day mortality, and significant factors influencing mortality were evaluated by using univariate analysis and multivariate analysis. The final multivariate model revealed the effect of AO exposure on therapeutic outcomes of pneumonia. Results: A total of 1006 patients were analyzed. Of these, 276 patients had a history of AO exposure, whereas 730 patients had not been exposed. Factors positively associated with 30-day mortality were malignancy, respiratory rate, blood urea nitrogen, and albumin which was negatively associated with mortality. Conclusion: Exposure to defoliant is not associated with 30-day mortality in patients with pneumonia. However, veterans with defoliant exposure are associated with a high prevalence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cerebrovascular accident, malignancy, and chronic kidney disease.

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.38-43
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• 2021

Purpose: We investigated the association between defoliant exposure and survival to discharge after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Methods: This is a retrospective case-control study based on the cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) registry. The electronic medical records of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest victims from 6/9/2008 to 12/31/2016 were analyzed statistically. The case patients group had a history of defoliant exposure while the control group did not. Among the 401 victims studied, a total of 110 patients were male out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients. Baseline characteristics and the parameters involved in cardiac arrest were analyzed and compared between the two groups after propensity score matching. The primary outcome was survival to discharge, and secondary outcomes were sustained return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and survival to admission. Results: After propensity score matching a total of 50 patients (case=25, control=25) were analyzed. Primary outcome (survival to discharge) was not significantly different between case and control groups [(OR, 1.759; 95% C.I., 0.491-6.309) and (OR, 1.842; 95% C.I., 0.515-6.593), respectively]. In the subgroup analysis, there were also no significant differences between the control group and subgroups in primary and secondary outcomes according to defoliant exposure severity. Conclusion: There is no statistically significant association between defoliant exposure and survival of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.113-119
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• 1988

The effects of the defoliant and desiccant dimethipin(2,3-dihydro-5,6-dimethyl-1,4-dithiin-1,1,4,4-tetraoxide) on the passive permeability and osmotic ground value of onion(Allium cepa L.) epidermal cells were investigated by plasmometric method. The osmotic ground value and the water permeability of onion epidermal cells were decreased by 9.8% and 41.2%, respectively, and the passive permeabilities of nonelectrolytesurea, methylurea, ethylurea and malonamide-were also decreased by the range of 15.7%∼57.8% after treatment with 10-3M dimethipin. After treatment with 10-4M dimethipin, the osimotic ground value and the solute permeability of onion epidermal cells were also decreased by 3.7% and 24.5%∼48.8%, respectively, but the water permeability of onion epidermal cells was increased by 8.3%. It was suggested that dimethipin treatment modified the cell membrane of onion epidermis.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제20권11호
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• pp.368-377
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• 2020

이 논문은 베트남전쟁 소설에 나타난 기억의 전승과 트라우마 양상을 연구한 것이다. 연구방법으로는 문화학 이론에 일조한 알라이다 아스만의 기억이론을 활용하였다. 연구 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 베트남전쟁에서 배제된 타자의 목소리를 제기하였다. 1990년대 이후 발표된 베트남전쟁 소설은 타자의 목소리를 적극 반영하여 문화적 기억을 새롭게 전승하였다. 공식기억에서 배제된 민간인학살, 고엽제 피해자, 혼혈아 라이따이한 등의 이야기가 소설화되면서 대항기억으로 부상한 것이다. 방현석의 베트남전쟁 소설인 <존재와 형식>에서는 베트남전쟁을 어떻게 기억해야 하는지를 제기하였다. 방현석의 <랍스타를 먹는 시간>에서는 베트남전쟁에 대한 근본적인 성찰과 반성 없이는 한국은 미군의 정체성을 가질 수밖에 없음을 밝혔다. 둘째, 베트남전쟁의 비극성을 다룬 것으로 몸이 기억하는 트라우마 양상을 제시하였다. 안정효의 <하얀 전쟁>은 기억 투쟁의 과정에서 과거로 퇴행하였음을 밝혔다. 이대환의 <슬로우 불릿>은 고엽제로 인한 피해 양상이 가족사의 비극으로 이어짐을 밝혔다. 오현미의 <붉은 아오자이>는 한국계 베트남 혼혈인이 아비 부정을 극복하고 자기 정체성을 찾아가는 서사임을 밝혔다. 하림의 <사이공의 슬픈 노래>는 정체성의 혼란을 겪은 혼혈인 샤이랑의 이야기가 서사성의 약화로 인해 연애소설로 전락하였음을 밝혔다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.157-170
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• 2014

Objectives: Agent Orange TCDD has been related to serious diseases among Korean veterans who were exposed to it. Decades after the end of the war, however, its effects are still being debated. The object of this study was to examine various unmet needs raised among Agent Orange exposed veterans and their families and to find grounds of a new welfare policy for providing alternative legislation. Methods: Literatures concerning Agent Orange, TCDD, the associated diseases, compensation for veterans and Supreme Court sentencing were searched using PubMed, ProQuest, press news and relevant homepages. Results: Agent Orange exposed veterans are eligible for various benefits from the government, including disability compensation for diseases associated with exposure. The Ministry of Patriots and Veterans Affairs has classified certain diseases into two categories, Agent Orange sequela diseases and sequela suspect diseases and has provided differential benefits based on separated laws. Big differences exist in benefits to veterans and their families between the two laws. The absence of definite standards to classify the Agent Orange associated diseases was confirmed by recent Supreme Court sentencing which ruled in favor of US manufacturers. Conclusion: It appears that the evidence for cause and effect of Agent Orange related diseases would never be perfect. The results suggest a need to change welfare principles from presumptive or indefinite disease basis to exposure experiences combined with integrated disability evaluation. We propose to extend eligibility by enacting a new law for Agent Orange exposed Korean veterans.

• 대한구순구개열학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.23-30
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• 2008

From 2001 year, our department has been participated medical charity for cleft lip and palate patients with Japanese team, on general hospital of Quang Nam Province in Tamky, Vietnam. Also we started medical service with student volunteer in Hue University Hospital, sisterhood relationship with Chonbuk National University, from 2006. The central area of Vietnam is a hard fought-field during the Vietnam war, many chemical weapons (defoliant etc.) were used during war. As the mountain region lose currency, this area was still retarded. We would like to introduce the medical charity service of our department and the classification of operated patients and performed operation.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2002

Pest control is required for protecting the food supply and for controlling disease vectors. Unfortunately, there is no perfectly safe form of pest control. Pesticides are commonly used for pest control. Pesticides are defined under the US Federal Insecticide Fungicide and Rodenticide Act(FIFRA) as any substance or mixture of substances intended to prevent, destroy, repel, or mitigate pests, and any substance or mixture of substances intended for use as a plant regulator, defoliant, or dessicant(40 CFR Part 152). Currently in the United States, there are 890 active ingredients registered as pesticides. Approximately one billion pounds of active ingredient are used in the US per year. Unlike most chemicals(anti-neoplastic and anti-micobial medications are the principal exceptions), pesticides are specifically designed to kill and cause harm. Because society allows these chemicals to be disseminated into the environment, it is important to monitor the health effects associated with these releases. This represents an important justification for establishing and maintaining surveillance systems for acute pesticide-related illness and injury. A comprehensive, national surveillance system for acute pesticide-related illness and injury does not currently exist in the US. Although the United States has several surveillance systems for this condition, none provide a complete understanding of the problem of acute pesticide-related illness and injury. The Toxic Exposure Surveillance System(TESS) and Bureau of Labor Statisitics(BLS) are useful for assessing magnitude and trends. The state-based surveillance systems are more useful for timely identification of outbreaks and emerging problems. Efforts are underway to increase the number of states that conduct surveillance, and to broaden the use of the standardized case definition to facilitate aggregation of data across states. Through such efforts, a comprehensive, national surveillance system may be attainable.